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{{short description|Destroyer of the Royal Navy}}
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{{Otherships|HMS Starfish}}

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{{Other ships|HMS Starfish}}
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{{Infobox ship career
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|Hide header=
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|Ship country= {{nowrap|United Kingdom}}
|Ship country= United Kingdom
|Ship flag= {{Shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship flag= {{Shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name= HMS ''Starfish''
|Ship name= HMS ''Starfish''
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|Header caption=
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|Ship class={{sclass2-|R|destroyer (1916)|0}} [[destroyer]]
|Ship class={{sclass2|R|destroyer (1916)|0}} [[destroyer]]
|Ship displacement={{convert|975|LT|t|lk=in}}
|Ship displacement={{convert|975|LT|t|lk=in}}
|Ship length={{convert|276|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}
|Ship length={{convert|276|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}
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|Ship sensors=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*3 × [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF {{convert|4|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=4}} Mark IV guns]], mounting P Mk. IX
|Ship armament=*3 × [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on|sigfig=4}} Mark IV guns]], mounting P Mk. IX
*1 × single [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|2-pounder (40-mm) "pom-pom" Mk. II anti-aircraft gun]]
*1 × single [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|2-pounder (40-mm) "pom-pom" Mk. II anti-aircraft gun]]
*4 × [[British 21 inch torpedo|{{convert|21|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} torpedo]] tubes (2×2)|Ship armour=
*4 × [[British 21 inch torpedo|{{convert|21|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}]] [[torpedo tube]]s (2×2)|Ship armour=
|Ship notes=
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'''HMS ''Starfish''''' was an {{sclass2-|R|destroyer (1916)|0}} [[destroyer]] which served with the [[Royal Navy]]. She was launched on 27 September 1916 and sold to be broken up on 21 April 1928.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php/H.M.S._Starfish_%281916%29 | title=H.M.S. Starfish (1916) | publisher=Dreadnought Project | year=2012 | accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref> She was built by [[Hawthorn Leslie and Company|Hawthorn Leslie]] of Hebburn Tyne.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rnwarships.informe.com/forum/rn-destroyers-lists-and-classes-f74/rn-destroyer-class-admiralty-r-class-1916-1917-t307.html | title=RN Destroyer Class: Admiralty R Class (1916-1917) | publisher=RNwarships.informe.com | date=2007–2008 | accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.royal-navy.org/HMS%20Strongbow,%20Admiralty%20R%20class%20destroyer | title=Admiralty R-class destroyers (1915-1917) | publisher=Royal-Navy.org | accessdate=2013-05-11}}</ref>
'''HMS ''Starfish''''' was an {{sclass2|R|destroyer (1916)|0}} [[destroyer]] which served with the [[Royal Navy]]. She was launched on 27 September 1916 and sold to be broken up on 21 April 1928.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php/H.M.S._Starfish_%281916%29 | title=H.M.S. Starfish (1916) | publisher=Dreadnought Project | year=2012 | access-date=2013-05-11}}</ref> She was built by [[Hawthorn Leslie and Company|Hawthorn Leslie]] of Hebburn Tyne.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rnwarships.informe.com/forum/rn-destroyers-lists-and-classes-f74/rn-destroyer-class-admiralty-r-class-1916-1917-t307.html | title=RN Destroyer Class: Admiralty R Class (1916-1917) | publisher=RNwarships.informe.com | date=2007–2008 | access-date=2013-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.royal-navy.org/HMS%20Strongbow,%20Admiralty%20R%20class%20destroyer | title=Admiralty R-class destroyers (1915-1917) | publisher=Royal-Navy.org | access-date=2013-05-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203052738/http://www.royal-navy.org/HMS%20Strongbow,%20Admiralty%20R%20class%20destroyer | archive-date=3 December 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Construction==
==Construction==
''Starfish'' was one of ten {{sclass2-|R|destroyer (1916)|0}} destroyers ordered by the British [[Admiralty]] in December 1915 as part of the Seventh War Construction Programme. The ship was [[keel laying|laid down]] at [[Hawthorn Leslie and Company|Hawthorn Leslie]]'s [[Hebburn]] shipyard on 26 January 1916, [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 27 September 1916 and completed on 16 December 1916.<ref name="Fried p310">Friedman 2009, p. 310.</ref>
''Starfish'' was one of ten {{sclass2|R|destroyer (1916)|0}} destroyers ordered by the [[British Admiralty]] in December 1915 as part of the Seventh War Construction Programme. The ship was [[keel laying|laid down]] at [[Hawthorn Leslie and Company|Hawthorn Leslie]]'s [[Hebburn]] shipyard on 26 January 1916, [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 27 September 1916 and completed on 16 December 1916.<ref name="Fried p310">Friedman 2009, p. 310.</ref>


''Starfish'' was {{convert|276|ft|m|2}} [[overall length|long overall]], with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|26|ft|6|in|m}} and a [[Draft (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|9|ft|m|2}}. [[Displacement (ship)|Displacement]] was {{convert|975|LT|t}} normal and {{convert|1075|LT|t}} deep load. Three [[Yarrow boiler]]s fed steam to two sets of [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] geared [[steam turbine]]s rated at {{convert|27000|shp|kW}} and driving two shafts, giving a design speed of {{convert|36|kn}}. Three funnels were fitted.<ref name="conways06 p81">Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 81.</ref> 296 tons of oil were carried, giving a design range of {{convert|3450|nmi}} at {{convert|15|kn}}.<ref name="Fried p296">Friedman 2009, p. 296.</ref> Armament consisted of three [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF 4in Mk IV]] guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the [[forecastle]], one aft on a raised bandstand and one between the second and third funnels. A single [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|2-pounder (40 mm) pom-pom]] anti-aircraft gun, while torpedo armament consisted of four 21 inch (533 mm) torpedoes in two twin mounts.<ref name="conways06 p81"/> The ship had a complement of 82 officers and men.<ref name="conways06 p81"/>
''Starfish'' was {{convert|276|ft|m|2}} [[length overall|long overall]], with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|26|ft|6|in|m}} and a [[Draft (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|9|ft|m|2}}. [[Displacement (ship)|Displacement]] was {{convert|975|LT|t}} normal and {{convert|1075|LT|t}} deep load. Three [[Yarrow boiler]]s fed steam to two sets of [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] geared [[steam turbine]]s rated at {{convert|27000|shp|kW}} and driving two shafts, giving a design speed of {{convert|36|kn}}. Three funnels were fitted.<ref name="conways06 p81">Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 81.</ref> 296 tons of oil were carried, giving a design range of {{convert|3450|nmi}} at {{convert|15|kn}}.<ref name="Fried p296">Friedman 2009, p. 296.</ref> Armament consisted of three [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF 4in Mk IV]] guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the [[forecastle]], one aft on a raised bandstand and one between the second and third funnels. A single [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|2-pounder (40 mm) pom-pom]] anti-aircraft gun, while torpedo armament consisted of four 21 inch (533&nbsp;mm) torpedoes in two twin mounts.<ref name="conways06 p81"/> The ship had a complement of 82 officers and men.<ref name="conways06 p81"/>


==Service==
==Service==
On commissioning, ''Starfish'' joined the 10th Destroyer Flotilla of the [[Harwich Force]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: II — Harwich Force|journal=The Navy List|date=December 1916|page=p. 13|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92098762}}</ref> On the night of 23/24 January 1917, the Harwich Force was ordered to intercept a German destroyer flotilla that was being transferred to from Germany to [[Zeebrugge]], with ''Starfish'' part of a group of destroyers patrolling off the [[Geography of the North Sea|Schouwen Bank]]. The German destroyers ran into a cruiser division, with the destroyers {{SMS|V69||2}} and {{SMS|G41||2}} heavily damaged, but the Germans managed to escape, and passed ''Starfish''{{'}}s group of destroyers unobserved before reaching Zeebrugge. One German straggler, {{SMS|G50||2}} encountered ''Starfish''{{'}}s group. An exchange of fire followed, in which ''G50'' was hit several times by British shells, but ''G50'' managed to torpedo the British destroyer {{HMS|Simoom|1916|2}}, which later sank, before escaping and returning to Germany.<ref name="navopv4 p73-9">Newbolt 1928, pp. 73–79.</ref><ref name="kar p113-4">Karau 2014, pp. 113–114.</ref>
On commissioning, ''Starfish'' joined the 10th Destroyer Flotilla of the [[Harwich Force]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: II — Harwich Force|journal=The Navy List|date=December 1916|page=13|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92098762}}</ref> On the night of 23/24 January 1917, the Harwich Force was ordered to intercept a German destroyer flotilla that was being transferred from Germany to [[Zeebrugge]], with ''Starfish'' part of a group of destroyers patrolling off the [[Geography of the North Sea|Schouwen Bank]]. The German destroyers ran into a cruiser division, with the destroyers {{SMS|V69||2}} and {{SMS|G41||2}} heavily damaged, but the Germans managed to escape, and passed ''Starfish''{{'}}s group of destroyers unobserved before reaching Zeebrugge. One German straggler, {{SMS|S50||2}} encountered ''Starfish''{{'}}s group. An exchange of fire followed, in which ''S50'' was hit several times by British shells, but ''G50'' managed to torpedo the British destroyer {{HMS|Simoom|1916|2}}, which later sank, before escaping and returning to Germany.<ref name="navopv4 p73-9">Newbolt 1928, pp. 73–79.</ref><ref name="kar p113-4">Karau 2014, pp. 113–114.</ref>


On the night of 4/5 June 1917, the [[Dover Patrol]] carried out a bombardment of the German held Belgian port of [[Ostend]], using the [[Monitor (warship)|monitors]] {{HMS|Erebus|I02|2}} and {{HMS|Terror|I03|2}}. The Harwich Force was deployed to protect the bombarding force from interference, with ''Starfish'' part of a group of cruisers and destroyers patrolling off the Thornton Bank.<ref name="navopVpt1">{{cite web|last=Newbolt|first=Henry|title=History of the Great War: Naval Operations Vol. V, April 1917 to November 1918 (Part 1 of 4)| publisher=Naval-History.net|year=2013|origyear=Originally published by Longmans, Green and Co.: London, 1931|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Book-RN5a.htm|accessdate=31 October 2015}}</ref> In October 1917, ''Starfish'' formed part of a large-scale operation, involving 30 cruisers and 54 destroyers deployed in eight groups across the North Sea in an attempt to stop a suspected sortie by German naval forces. Despite these countermeasures, the two German light cruisers {{SMS|Bremse||2}} and {{SMS|Brummer||2}}, managed to evade the patrols and [[Action off Lerwick|attacked the regular convoy between Norway and Britain]], sinking nine merchant ships and two destroyers, {{HMS|Mary Rose|1915|2}} and {{HMS|Strongbow|1916|2}} before returning safely to Germany.<ref name="navopVpt1"/>
On the night of 4/5 June 1917, the [[Dover Patrol]] carried out a bombardment of the German held Belgian port of [[Ostend]], using the [[Monitor (warship)|monitors]] {{HMS|Erebus|I02|2}} and {{HMS|Terror|I03|2}}. The Harwich Force was deployed to protect the bombarding force from interference, with ''Starfish'' part of a group of cruisers and destroyers patrolling off the Thornton Bank.<ref name="navopVpt1">{{cite web|last=Newbolt|first=Henry|title=History of the Great War: Naval Operations Vol. V, April 1917 to November 1918 (Part 1 of 4)| publisher=Naval-History.net|year=2013|orig-year=Originally published by Longmans, Green and Co.: London, 1931|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Book-RN5a.htm|access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref> In October 1917, ''Starfish'' formed part of a large-scale operation, involving 30 cruisers and 54 destroyers deployed in eight groups across the North Sea in an attempt to stop a suspected sortie by German naval forces. Despite these countermeasures, the two German light cruisers {{SMS|Bremse||2}} and {{SMS|Brummer||2}}, managed to evade the patrols and [[Action off Lerwick|attacked the regular convoy between Norway and Britain]], sinking nine merchant ships and two destroyers, {{HMS|Mary Rose|1915|2}} and {{HMS|Strongbow|1916|2}} before returning safely to Germany.<ref name="navopVpt1"/>


On 4 October 1918, ''Starfish'', along with the destroyers {{HMS|Montrose|D01|2}}, {{HMS|Sceptre|1917|2}}, and {{HMS|Sylph|1916|2}}, sank the German armed vessels ''Bremerhaven'' and ''Ober Burgermeister Adickes''.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=32105 |date=29 October 1920 |page=10413 }}</ref> ''Starfish'' remained part of the 10th Destroyer Flotilla at the end of the war.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: II.–Harwich Force|journal=The Navy List|date=December 1918|page=13|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92315626}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ships of the Royal Navy - Location/Action Date, 1914–1918: Part 2 - Admiralty "Pink Lists", 11 November 1918|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyBritishShips-Locations2PL1811.htm|publisher=Naval-History.net|access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref>
⚫
==References==


By February 1919, ''Starfish'' had transferred to the Gunnery School at the [[Nore]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: VI.–Local Defence and Minesweeping Flotillas and Training Establishments|journal=The Navy List|date=February 1919|page=16|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92395378}}</ref> and in March was supporting the torpedo school at the Nore,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: VI.–Local Defence and Minesweeping Flotillas and Training Establishments|journal=The Navy List|date=March 1919|page=14|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92419790}}</ref> while by November she had transferred to the Nore Local Defence Flotilla.<ref>{{cite journal|title=III.–Local Defence and Training Establishments, Patrol Flotillas, etc|journal=The Navy List|date=November 1919|page=704|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92583846}}</ref>

On 21 April 1928, ''Starfish'' was sold for scrap to Alloa of Charlestown.<ref name="ditt">Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 70.</ref>

==Pennant numbers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
![[Pennant number|Pennant Number]]
||Date
|-
|F60||January 1917<ref name="ditt"/><ref name="Fried p310"/>
|-
|F64||January 1918{{sfn|Bush|Warlow|2021|page=50}}
|-
|G50||January 1919{{sfn|Bush|Warlow|2021|page=65}}
|-
|H70||January 1922{{sfn|Bush|Warlow|2021|page=75}}
|-
|}

⚫
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | last1=Bush | first1=Steve | last2=Warlow | first2=Ben | title=Pendant Numbers of the Royal Navy: A Complete History of the Allocation of Pendant Numbers to Royal Navy Warships & Auxiliaries | location=Barnsley | publisher=Seaforth Publishing | year=2021 | isbn=978-1-526793-78-2}}
*{{cite book|last1=Dittmar|first1=F.J.|last2=Colledge|first2=J.J.|title=British Warships 1914–1919|year=1972|publisher=Ian Allan|location=Shepperton, UK|isbn=0-7110-0380-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the First World War|year=2009|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-049-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the First World War|year=2009|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-049-9}}
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|year=1985|isbn=0-85177-245-5}}
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|year=1985|isbn=0-85177-245-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Karau|first=Mark K.|title=The Naval Flank of the Western Front: The German MarineKorps Flandern 1914–1918|year=2014|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-231-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Karau|first=Mark K.|title=The Naval Flank of the Western Front: The German MarineKorps Flandern 1914–1918|year=2014|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-231-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Newbolt|first=Henry|authorlink=Henry Newbolt|title=History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Volume IV|year=1928|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/navaloperations04corb}}
*{{cite book|last=Newbolt|first=Henry|author-link=Henry Newbolt|title=History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Volume IV|year=1928|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/navaloperations04corb}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Starfish (1916)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Starfish (1916)}}
[[Category:1916 ships]]
[[Category:1916 ships]]
[[Category:Q and R-class destroyers]]
[[Category:R-class destroyers (1916)]]


{{UK-destroyer-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:17, 19 March 2022

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Starfish.

History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Starfish
BuilderHawthorn Leslie, Hebburn Tyne
Launched27 September 1916
FateSold, 21 April 1928
General characteristics
Class and typeR-class destroyer
Displacement975 long tons (991 t)
Length276 ft (84.1 m)
Draught9 ft 10 in (3.00 m)
Propulsion
Speed36 knots (41.4 mph; 66.7 km/h)
Range3,440 nmi (6,370 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h)
Complement82
Armament

HMS Starfish was an R-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy. She was launched on 27 September 1916 and sold to be broken up on 21 April 1928.[1] She was built by Hawthorn Leslie of Hebburn Tyne.[2][3]

Construction[edit]

Starfish was one of ten R-class destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in December 1915 as part of the Seventh War Construction Programme. The ship was laid down at Hawthorn Leslie's Hebburn shipyard on 26 January 1916, launched on 27 September 1916 and completed on 16 December 1916.[4]

Starfish was 276 feet (84.12 m) long overall, with a beam of 26 feet 6 inches (8.08 m) and a draught of 9 feet (2.74 m). Displacement was 975 long tons (991 t) normal and 1,075 long tons (1,092 t) deep load. Three Yarrow boilers fed steam to two sets of Parsons geared steam turbines rated at 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW) and driving two shafts, giving a design speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). Three funnels were fitted.[5] 296 tons of oil were carried, giving a design range of 3,450 nautical miles (6,390 km; 3,970 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[6] Armament consisted of three QF 4in Mk IV guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised bandstand and one between the second and third funnels. A single 2-pounder (40 mm) pom-pom anti-aircraft gun, while torpedo armament consisted of four 21 inch (533 mm) torpedoes in two twin mounts.[5] The ship had a complement of 82 officers and men.[5]

Service[edit]

On commissioning, Starfish joined the 10th Destroyer Flotilla of the Harwich Force.[7] On the night of 23/24 January 1917, the Harwich Force was ordered to intercept a German destroyer flotilla that was being transferred from Germany to Zeebrugge, with Starfish part of a group of destroyers patrolling off the Schouwen Bank. The German destroyers ran into a cruiser division, with the destroyers V69 and G41 heavily damaged, but the Germans managed to escape, and passed Starfish's group of destroyers unobserved before reaching Zeebrugge. One German straggler, S50 encountered Starfish's group. An exchange of fire followed, in which S50 was hit several times by British shells, but G50 managed to torpedo the British destroyer Simoom, which later sank, before escaping and returning to Germany.[8][9]

On the night of 4/5 June 1917, the Dover Patrol carried out a bombardment of the German held Belgian port of Ostend, using the monitors Erebus and Terror. The Harwich Force was deployed to protect the bombarding force from interference, with Starfish part of a group of cruisers and destroyers patrolling off the Thornton Bank.[10] In October 1917, Starfish formed part of a large-scale operation, involving 30 cruisers and 54 destroyers deployed in eight groups across the North Sea in an attempt to stop a suspected sortie by German naval forces. Despite these countermeasures, the two German light cruisers Bremse and Brummer, managed to evade the patrols and attacked the regular convoy between Norway and Britain, sinking nine merchant ships and two destroyers, Mary Rose and Strongbow before returning safely to Germany.[10]

On 4 October 1918, Starfish, along with the destroyers Montrose, Sceptre, and Sylph, sank the German armed vessels Bremerhaven and Ober Burgermeister Adickes.[11] Starfish remained part of the 10th Destroyer Flotilla at the end of the war.[12][13]

By February 1919, Starfish had transferred to the Gunnery School at the Nore,[14] and in March was supporting the torpedo school at the Nore,[15] while by November she had transferred to the Nore Local Defence Flotilla.[16]

On 21 April 1928, Starfish was sold for scrap to Alloa of Charlestown.[17]

Pennant numbers[edit]

Pennant Number Date
F60 January 1917[17][4]
F64 January 1918[18]
G50 January 1919[19]
H70 January 1922[20]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "H.M.S. Starfish (1916)". Dreadnought Project. 2012. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  2. ^ "RN Destroyer Class: Admiralty R Class (1916-1917)". RNwarships.informe.com. 2007–2008. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  3. ^ "Admiralty R-class destroyers (1915-1917)". Royal-Navy.org. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  4. ^ a b Friedman 2009, p. 310.
  5. ^ a b c Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 81.
  6. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 296.
  7. ^ "Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: II — Harwich Force". The Navy List: 13. December 1916.
  8. ^ Newbolt 1928, pp. 73–79.
  9. ^ Karau 2014, pp. 113–114.
  10. ^ a b Newbolt, Henry (2013) [Originally published by Longmans, Green and Co.: London, 1931]. "History of the Great War: Naval Operations Vol. V, April 1917 to November 1918 (Part 1 of 4)". Naval-History.net. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  11. ^ "No. 32105". The London Gazette. 29 October 1920. p. 10413.
  12. ^ "Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: II.–Harwich Force". The Navy List: 13. December 1918.
  13. ^ "Ships of the Royal Navy - Location/Action Date, 1914–1918: Part 2 - Admiralty "Pink Lists", 11 November 1918". Naval-History.net. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  14. ^ "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: VI.–Local Defence and Minesweeping Flotillas and Training Establishments". The Navy List: 16. February 1919.
  15. ^ "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: VI.–Local Defence and Minesweeping Flotillas and Training Establishments". The Navy List: 14. March 1919.
  16. ^ "III.–Local Defence and Training Establishments, Patrol Flotillas, etc". The Navy List: 704. November 1919.
  17. ^ a b Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 70.
  18. ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 50.
  19. ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 65.
  20. ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 75.

Bibliography[edit]

  • Bush, Steve; Warlow, Ben (2021). Pendant Numbers of the Royal Navy: A Complete History of the Allocation of Pendant Numbers to Royal Navy Warships & Auxiliaries. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-526793-78-2.
  • Dittmar, F.J.; Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
  • Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the First World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Karau, Mark K. (2014). The Naval Flank of the Western Front: The German MarineKorps Flandern 1914–1918. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-231-8.
  • Newbolt, Henry (1928). History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Volume IV. London: Longmans, Green & Co.
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