Solidago arguta: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{taxobox
|image = Solidago arguta01.jpg
|image = Solidago arguta01.jpg
|image_caption=1913 illustration<ref>USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 3: 393.</ref>
|image_caption = 1913 illustration<ref>USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 3: 393.</ref>
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|genus = Solidago
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
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|species = arguta
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
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|authority = [[William Aiton|Aiton]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
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|synonyms_ref = <ref name=tpl>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-46453 The Plant List, ''Solidago arguta'' Aiton ]</ref>
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
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|synonyms =
|ordo = [[Asterales]]
|familia = [[Asteraceae]]
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|genus = ''[[Solidago]]''
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|species = '''''S. arguta'''''
|binomial = ''Solidago arguta''
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|binomial_authority = [[William Aiton|Aiton]]
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|synonyms_ref=<ref name=tpl>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-46453 The Plant List, ''Solidago arguta'' Aiton ]</ref>
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|synonyms=
*''Aster arguta'' <small>(Aiton) Kuntze</small>
*''Aster arguta'' <small>(Aiton) Kuntze</small>
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*''Solidago neurolepis'' <small>Fernald</small>
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*''Solidago vaseyi'' <small>A.Heller</small>
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*''Solidago yadkinensis'' <small>(Porter) Small</small>
*''Solidago boottii'' <small>Hook.</small>
*''Solidago boottii'' <small>Hook.</small>
*''Solidago dispersa'' <small>Small</small>
*''Solidago dispersa'' <small>Small</small>
*''Solidago harrisii'' <small>E.S.Steele</small>
*''Solidago harrisii'' <small>E.S.Steele</small>
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*''Solidago neurolepis'' <small>Fernald</small>
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*''Solidago vaseyi'' <small>A.Heller</small>
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*''Solidago yadkinensis'' <small>(Porter) Small</small>
}}
}}


'''''Solidago arguta''''', commonly called '''Atlantic goldenrod''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=SOAR|taxon=Solidago arguta|accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref> '''cut-leaf goldenrod''',<ref name=fna/> '''forest goldenrod''', '''toothed goldenrod''', and '''sharp-leaved goldenrod''',<ref name=fna/> is a species of [[flowering plant]] native to eastern and central North America. It grows along the Gulf and Atlantic states of the United States from [[Texas]] to [[Maine]], inland as far as [[Ontario]], [[Illinois]], and [[Kansas]].<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Solidago%20arguta.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref>
'''''Solidago arguta''''', commonly called '''Atlantic goldenrod''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=SOAR|taxon=Solidago arguta|accessdate=18 November 2015}}</ref> '''cut-leaf goldenrod''',<ref name=fna/> and '''sharp-leaved goldenrod''',<ref name=fna/> is a species of [[flowering plant]] native to eastern and central North America. It grows along the Gulf and Atlantic states of the United States from [[Texas]] to [[Maine]], inland as far as [[Ontario]], [[Illinois]], and [[Kansas]].<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Solidago%20arguta.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref> It is primarily found in areas of woodland openings, such as outcrops or clearings.


==Description==
It is primarily found in areas of woodland openings, such as outcrops or clearings. ''Solidago arguta'' can be distinguished from similar goldenrods by its combination of dark maroon stems, lightly pubescent to hairless leaves, and broad lower leaves that taper to their base. It produces yellow heads of flowers in late summer and fall. <ref name=fna>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242417279 Flora of North America]</ref>
''Solidago arguta'' is a tall fall-flowering perennial. Flowers are small, yellow, and in heads. It can be distinguished from similar goldenrods by its broad basal leaves that are lightly pubescent to hairless, which decrease in size towards the apex of the stem.<ref name=fna>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242417279 Flora of North America]</ref>
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
Image:Solidago arguta.jpg|Typical growing habit
Image:Solidago_arguta_flowers.jpg|Detail of flowers
</gallery>


=== galls ===
⚫
;Varieties<ref name=tpl/><ref name=fna/><ref name=fsmas>[http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States]</ref>
This species is host to the following insect induced gall:
* ''[[Asteromyia carbonifera]]'' <small>(Osten Sacken, 1862)</small>

[https://gallformers.org/host/4366 external link to gallformers]

==Taxonomy==
⚫
Four varieties are recognized by most authors. They are:<ref name=tpl/><ref name=fna/><ref name=Weakley>{{cite web |url=http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm |title= Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States |author= Alan Weakley |date= 2015}}</ref>
*''Solidago arguta'' var. ''arguta'' - With hairless achenes; native to the [[Appalachian Mountains]] and the Northeast
*''Solidago arguta'' var. ''arguta'' - With hairless achenes; native to the [[Appalachian Mountains]] and the Northeast
*''Solidago arguta'' var. ''boottii'' <small>(Hook.) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.</small> - With pubescent achenes and leaves; native to the [[Ozark Mountains]] and the Gulf Coastal Plain
*''Solidago arguta'' var. ''boottii'' <small>(Hook.) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.</small> - With pubescent achenes and leaves; native to the [[Ozark Mountains]] and the Gulf Coastal Plain
*''Solidago arguta'' var. ''caroliniana'' <small>(Gray) G.H.Morton</small> - With pubescent achenes and hairless leaves; native across the [[Southeastern United States]]
*''Solidago arguta'' var. ''caroliniana'' <small>(Gray) G.H.Morton</small> - With pubescent achenes and hairless leaves; native across the [[Southeastern United States]]
*Solidago arguta var. harrisii <small>Cronquist</small>
*''Solidago arguta'' var. ''harrisii'' <small>Cronquist</small> - With thick-textured, truncate basal leaves; native to the Central Appalachians



Due to its morphological distinctiveness and narrow geographic range, some modern taxonomists treat variety ''harrisii'' as a full species (named ''Solidago harrisii'').<ref name=Weakley/><ref>[https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/goldenrods/classification-and-illustrations/solidago-harrisii Asteraceae Lab at the University of Waterloo, by John Semple]</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q15566731}}


[[Category:Solidago|arguta]]
[[Category:Solidago|arguta]]
[[Category:Flora of North America]]
[[Category:Flora of Northern America]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1789]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1789]]


{{Solidago-stub}}

Latest revision as of 08:05, 2 August 2023

Solidago arguta
1913 illustration[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Solidago
Species:
S. arguta
Binomial name
Solidago arguta
Synonyms[2]
  • Aster arguta (Aiton) Kuntze
  • Solidago boottii Hook.
  • Solidago dispersa Small
  • Solidago harrisii E.S.Steele
  • Solidago neurolepis Fernald
  • Solidago vaseyi A.Heller
  • Solidago yadkinensis (Porter) Small

Solidago arguta, commonly called Atlantic goldenrod,[3] cut-leaf goldenrod,[4] and sharp-leaved goldenrod,[4] is a species of flowering plant native to eastern and central North America. It grows along the Gulf and Atlantic states of the United States from Texas to Maine, inland as far as Ontario, Illinois, and Kansas.[5] It is primarily found in areas of woodland openings, such as outcrops or clearings.

Description[edit]

Solidago arguta is a tall fall-flowering perennial. Flowers are small, yellow, and in heads. It can be distinguished from similar goldenrods by its broad basal leaves that are lightly pubescent to hairless, which decrease in size towards the apex of the stem.[4]

  • Typical growing habit
    Typical growing habit
  • Detail of flowers
    Detail of flowers

galls[edit]

This species is host to the following insect induced gall:

external link to gallformers

Taxonomy[edit]

Four varieties are recognized by most authors. They are:[2][4][6]

  • Solidago arguta var. arguta - With hairless achenes; native to the Appalachian Mountains and the Northeast
  • Solidago arguta var. boottii (Hook.) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm. - With pubescent achenes and leaves; native to the Ozark Mountains and the Gulf Coastal Plain
  • Solidago arguta var. caroliniana (Gray) G.H.Morton - With pubescent achenes and hairless leaves; native across the Southeastern United States
  • Solidago arguta var. harrisii Cronquist - With thick-textured, truncate basal leaves; native to the Central Appalachians

Due to its morphological distinctiveness and narrow geographic range, some modern taxonomists treat variety harrisii as a full species (named Solidago harrisii).[6][7]

References[edit]

  1. ^ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 3: 393.
  2. ^ a b The Plant List, Solidago arguta Aiton
  3. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Solidago arguta". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d Flora of North America
  5. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  6. ^ a b Alan Weakley (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
  7. ^ Asteraceae Lab at the University of Waterloo, by John Semple


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