Tipula: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Genus of flies}} |
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{{italictitle}} |
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{{Taxobox |
{{Taxobox |
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| name = ''Tipula'' |
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| image = Tipula.luna.male.jpg |
| image = Tipula.luna.male.jpg |
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| image_width = 250px |
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| image_caption = ''[[Tipula luna]]'' male |
| image_caption = ''[[Tipula luna]]'' male |
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
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| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a |
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a |
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<!-- | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] --> |
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| classis = [[Insect]]a |
| classis = [[Insect]]a |
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| subclassis = [[Pterygota]] |
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| infraclassis = [[Neoptera]] |
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| superordo = [[Endopterygota]]| |
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| ordo = [[Fly|Diptera]] |
| ordo = [[Fly|Diptera]] |
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| subordo = [[Nematocera]] |
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| infraordo = [[Tipulomorpha]] |
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| superfamilia = [[Tipuloidea]] |
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| familia = [[Tipulidae]] |
| familia = [[Tipulidae]] |
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| subfamilia = [[Tipulinae]] |
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<!-- | familia_authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1802 --> |
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| tribus = [[Tipulini]] |
| tribus = [[Tipulini]] |
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| genus = '''''Tipula''''' |
| genus = '''''Tipula''''' |
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| type_species = ''[[Tipula oleracea]]'' |
| type_species = ''[[Tipula oleracea]]'' |
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| type_species_authority = [[ |
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] |
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| genus_authority = [[ |
| genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] |
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| subdivision_ranks = Subgenera |
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subgenus|Subgenera]] |
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| subdivision = * |
| subdivision = * {{btname|[[Acutipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1924}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Afrotipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1955}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Arctotipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1934}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Bellardina]]|[[Frederick Wallace Edwards|Edwards]], 1931}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Beringotipula]]|Savchenko, 1961}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Dendrotipula]]|Savchenko, 1964}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Emodotipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1966}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Eremotipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1965}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Eumicrotipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1923}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Formotipula]]|[[Shonen Matsumura|Matsumura]], 1916}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Hesperotipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1947}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Indratipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1970}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Kalatipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1971}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Labiotipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1965}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Lindnerina]]|Mannheims, 1965}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Lunatipula]]|[[Frederick Wallace Edwards|Edwards]], 1931}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Mediotipula]]|Pierre, 1924}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Microtipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1912}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Nesotipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1921}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Nippotipula]]|[[Shonen Matsumura|Matsumura]], 1916}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Nobilotipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1943}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Odonatisca]]|Savchenko, 1956}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Papuatipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1935}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Pectinotipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1920}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Platytipula]]|[[Shonen Matsumura|Matsumura]], 1916}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Pterelachisus]]|[[Camillo Rondani|Rondani]], 1842}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Ramatipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1971}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Savtshenkia]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1965}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Schummelia]]|[[Frederick Wallace Edwards|Edwards]], 1931}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Serratipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1965}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Setitipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1965}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Sinotipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1935}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Sivatipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1964}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Spinitipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1963}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Tipula (subgenus)|Tipula]]|[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Tipulodinodes]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1965}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Trichotipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1915}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Triplicitipula]]|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1965}} |
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* {{btname|[[Vestiplex]]|[[Mario Bezzi|Bezzi]], 1924}} |
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* |
* {{btname|[[Yamatotipula]]|[[Shonen Matsumura|Matsumura]], 1916}} |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''Tipula''''' is a very large [[insect]] genus in the [[fly]] family [[Tipulidae|Tipulidae (crane flies)]]. The members of this genus are sometimes collectively called '''common crane flies'''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Will |first=Kip |title=Field Guide to California Insects |last2=Gross |first2=Joyce |last3=Rubinoff |first3=Daniel |last4=Powell |first4=Jerry A. |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2020 |isbn=9780520288744 |location=Oakland, California |pages=270-272}}</ref> ''Tipula'' contains over 2,000 species located throughout the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genus Tipula |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/10977 |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref> |
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'''''Tipula''''' is a very large [[insect]] genus in the [[fly]] [[family (biology)|family]] [[Tipulidae]]. They are commonly known as '''crane flies''' or '''Daddy Long Legs'''. Worldwide there are well over a thousand species. |
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Like all crane flies, ''Tipula'' species have long bodies and long legs, somewhat resembling large [[Mosquito|mosquitos]]. Adults generally have a body length of 15-20 mm. They are usually brown with clear or brownish wings. They feed on nectar and are active throughout the year. ''Tipula'' maggots are sometimes known as "leather jackets" due to their tough skin.<ref name=":0" /> |
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All species have very long fragile legs. The male has a swollen tip to his abdomen, and the female has a pointed ovipositor which is used to push eggs into soil. The [[larva]]e of most species are [[root]] feeding and called [[leatherjacket]]s. |
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Technical description: Discal cell present ; M3 arises from M4 ; all tibiae spurred Antennae with whorls of long hairs. Rs usually long ; Sc ends far from base of Rs ; cell 4 always petiolate ; body colour usually grey, brown or dull yellow, rarely black ; praescutal stripes |
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(when present) usually dull, rarely slightly shining.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}} |
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Species of ''Tipula'' can be affected by fungal diseases, such as ''[[Zoophthora porteri]]'', found in [[Tennessee]], USA.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hajek |first1=Ann E. |last2=Gryganskyi |first2=Andrii |last3=Bittner |first3=Tonya |last4=Liebherr |first4=James K. |last5=Liebherr |first5=Jonathan H. |last6=Bruun Jensen |first6=Annette |last7=Moulton |first7=John K. |last8=Humber |first8=Richard A. |title=Phylogenetic placement of two species known only from resting spores: Zoophthora independentia sp. nov. and Z. porteri comb nov. (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) |journal=J Invertebr Pathol |date=October 2016 |volume=140 |pages=68-74 |doi=10.1016/j.jip.2016.09.002}}</ref> |
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==Species== |
==Species== |
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See [[List of Tipula species]] |
See [[List of Tipula species|list of ''Tipula'' species]]. |
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[[File:Tipula bicornis.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Tipula bicornis]]'' male.]] |
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[[File:Tipula paterifera on flowers.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Tipula paterifera|T. paterifera]]'']] |
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[[File:Unidentified tipula larva.jpg|thumb|left|Larva]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Tipulidae]] |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q1818764}} |
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[[ca:Típula]] |
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[[fr:Tipula]] |
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[[ |
[[Category:Tipulidae]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[nl:Tipula]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]] |
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Latest revision as of 10:04, 27 August 2023
Tipula is a very large insect genus in the fly family Tipulidae (crane flies). The members of this genus are sometimes collectively called common crane flies.[1] Tipula contains over 2,000 species located throughout the world.[2]
Like all crane flies, Tipula species have long bodies and long legs, somewhat resembling large mosquitos. Adults generally have a body length of 15-20 mm. They are usually brown with clear or brownish wings. They feed on nectar and are active throughout the year. Tipula maggots are sometimes known as "leather jackets" due to their tough skin.[1]
Technical description: Discal cell present ; M3 arises from M4 ; all tibiae spurred Antennae with whorls of long hairs. Rs usually long ; Sc ends far from base of Rs ; cell 4 always petiolate ; body colour usually grey, brown or dull yellow, rarely black ; praescutal stripes (when present) usually dull, rarely slightly shining.[citation needed]
Species of Tipula can be affected by fungal diseases, such as Zoophthora porteri, found in Tennessee, USA.[3]
Species[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Will, Kip; Gross, Joyce; Rubinoff, Daniel; Powell, Jerry A. (2020). Field Guide to California Insects. Oakland, California: University of California Press. pp. 270–272. ISBN 9780520288744.
- ^ "Genus Tipula". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2022-12-22.
- ^ Hajek, Ann E.; Gryganskyi, Andrii; Bittner, Tonya; Liebherr, James K.; Liebherr, Jonathan H.; Bruun Jensen, Annette; Moulton, John K.; Humber, Richard A. (October 2016). "Phylogenetic placement of two species known only from resting spores: Zoophthora independentia sp. nov. and Z. porteri comb nov. (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae)". J Invertebr Pathol. 140: 68–74. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2016.09.002.