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{{Short description|Free-software compiler for the Ada programming language}}
{{Other uses|Gnat (disambiguation)}}
{{Other uses|Gnat (disambiguation)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=July 2010}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2010}}
{{More footnotes|date=July 2010}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=July 2010}}

}}
}}


{{Infobox software
{{Infobox software
| name = GNAT
| name = GNAT
| logo = Heckert GNU white.svg
| screenshot = Gps.png
| screenshot = Gps.png
| caption = Ada [[Source code|source]] within [[GNAT Programming Studio|GPS]]
| caption = Ada [[Source code|source]] within GPS
| developer = [[New York University]] (NYU), [[AdaCore]] and the [[GNU Project]]
| developer = [[New York University]] (NYU), [[AdaCore]] and the [[GNU Project]]
| released = {{Start date and age|1995}}
| released = {{Start date and age|1995}}
| latest release version = FSF GNAT 9.2 (2019-08-12)<ref>https://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/releases.html</ref>
| latest release version = FSF GNAT 9.2 (2019-08-12)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/releases.html|title=GCC Releases - GNU Project}}</ref>
GNAT Pro 7.4 (2016-02-23)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adacore.com/press/gnat-pro-7-4/|title=AdaCore Releases GNAT Pro 7.4}}</ref>
GNAT Pro 7.4 (2016-02-23)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adacore.com/press/gnat-pro-7-4|title=AdaCore Releases GNAT Pro 7.4|website=AdaCore}}</ref>
| operating system = [[FreeBSD]], [[Linux]],<br />[[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]]/[[SPARC]],<br />[[Microsoft Windows]],<br />[[Mac OS X]],<br />plus others as supported by FSF GNAT within GCC
| operating system = [[FreeBSD]], [[Linux]],<br />[[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]]/[[SPARC]],<br />[[Microsoft Windows]],<br />[[Mac OS X]],<br />plus others as supported by FSF GNAT within GCC
| genre = [[Compiler]]
| genre = [[Compiler]]
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== History ==
== History ==


The GNAT project started in 1992 when the [[United States Air Force]] awarded [[New York University]] (NYU) a contract to build a [[free software|free]] compiler for Ada to help with the Ada&nbsp;9X standardization process. The 3-million-dollar contract required the use of the [[GNU General Public License|GNU GPL]] for all development, and assigned the copyright to the [[Free Software Foundation]]. The first official validation of GNAT occurred in 1995.
The GNAT project started in 1992 when the [[United States Air Force]] awarded [[New York University]] (NYU) a contract to build a [[free software|free]] compiler for Ada to help with the Ada&nbsp;9X standardization process. The 3-million-dollar contract required{{citation_needed|date=December 2021}} the use of the [[GNU General Public License|GNU GPL]] for all development, and assigned the copyright to the [[Free Software Foundation]]. The first official validation of GNAT occurred in 1995.


In 1994 and 1996, the original authors of GNAT {{clarification_needed}}[who?] founded two sister companies, '''Ada Core Technologies''' in New York City and ACT-Europe (later AdaCore SAS) in Paris, to provide continuing development and commercial support of GNAT. The two companies always operated as one entity, but did not formally unify until 2012 as AdaCore.<ref name="GNAT-Pro-Insider-2014-2015">[http://www.adacore.com/uploads/newsletter/GNAT_Pro_Insider_Autumn-Winter_2014-2015.pdf GNAT Pro Insider] Autumn/Winter 2014–2015, p.1</ref>
In 1994 and 1996, the original authors of GNAT {{clarify|date=December 2021}}{{who|date=July 2022}} founded two sister companies, '''Ada Core Technologies''' in New York City and ACT-Europe (later AdaCore SAS) in Paris, to provide continuing development and commercial support of GNAT. The two companies always operated as one entity, but did not formally unify until 2012 as AdaCore.<ref name="GNAT-Pro-Insider-2014-2015">[http://www.adacore.com/uploads/newsletter/GNAT_Pro_Insider_Autumn-Winter_2014-2015.pdf GNAT Pro Insider] Autumn/Winter 2014–2015, p.1</ref>


GNAT was initially released separately from the main GCC sources. On October 2, 2001, the GNAT sources were contributed to the GCC [[Concurrent Versions System|CVS]] repository.<ref>[https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-cvs/2001-10/msg00028.html GCC CVS mailing list archive] "New language: Ada"</ref> The last version to be released separately was GNAT 3.15p, based on GCC 2.8.1, on October 2, 2002. Starting with GCC 3.4, on major platforms the official GCC release is able to pass 100% of the [[Ada Conformity Assessment Test Suite|ACATS]] Ada tests included in the GCC testsuite. By GCC 4.0, more exotic platforms were also able to pass 100% of the ACATS tests.
GNAT was initially released separately from the main GCC sources. On October 2, 2001, the GNAT sources were contributed to the GCC [[Concurrent Versions System|CVS]] repository.<ref>[https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-cvs/2001-10/msg00028.html GCC CVS mailing list archive] "New language: Ada"</ref> The last version to be released separately was GNAT 3.15p, based on GCC 2.8.1, on October 2, 2002. Starting with GCC 3.4, on major platforms the official GCC release is able to pass 100% of the [[Ada Conformity Assessment Test Suite|ACATS]] Ada tests included in the GCC testsuite. By GCC 4.0, more exotic platforms were also able to pass 100% of the ACATS tests.
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== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
* [[APSE]] – a specification for a programming environment to support software development in Ada
* [[AdaGIDE]]
⚫
* {{anli|GNAT Programming Studio}}
* [[GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]]
* [[GNU Compiler for Java|GCJ]]
* {{anli|GNU Compiler Collection}}
* [[Ravenscar profile]] – a subset of the Ada tasking features designed for safety-critical hard real-time computing
* [[GNU Fortran|GFortran]]
* [[SPARK (programming language)|SPARK]] – a programming language consisting of a highly restricted subset of Ada, annotated with meta-information describing desired component behavior and individual runtime requirements
* [[PolyORB]]
⚫
* [[GNAT Programming Studio]]
* [[SPARK (programming language)]]


== References ==
== References ==
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== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
*{{cite book
*{{cite book
| author = Javier Miranda, Edmond Schonberg
|first1=Javier |last1=Miranda |first2=Edmond |last2=Schonberg
| title = GNAT: The GNU Ada Compiler
|title = GNAT: The GNU Ada Compiler
|date=June 2004
|date = June 2004
| url = https://www2.adacore.com/gap-static/GNAT_Book/html/index.htm
|url = https://www2.adacore.com/gap-static/GNAT_Book/html/index.htm
| access-date = 2008-06-06
|access-date = 2008-06-06
|archive-date = 2011-07-07
⚫
}}
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707082206/https://www2.adacore.com/gap-static/GNAT_Book/html/index.htm
|url-status = dead
⚫
}}
*{{cite conference
*{{cite conference
| author = Edmond Schonberg, Bernard Banner
|first11=Edmond |last1=Schonberg |first2=Bernard |last2=Banner
| title = The GNAT project
| title = The GNAT project
| year = 1994
| year = 1994
Line 76: Line 80:
| access-date = 2008-06-07
| access-date = 2008-06-07
| doi = 10.1145/197694.197706
| doi = 10.1145/197694.197706
| isbn = 0897916662
| url = http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=197706
| url = http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=197706
}}
}}
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* [http://gnuada.sourceforge.net The GNU Ada Project] &mdash; more FSF versions of GNAT
* [http://gnuada.sourceforge.net The GNU Ada Project] &mdash; more FSF versions of GNAT
* [http://people.debian.org/~lbrenta/debian-ada-policy.html Debian Ada Policy] &mdash; packaging of GNAT and other Ada programs in [[Debian]]
* [http://people.debian.org/~lbrenta/debian-ada-policy.html Debian Ada Policy] &mdash; packaging of GNAT and other Ada programs in [[Debian]]
* [http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigada/education/pages/jgnat.html Write It in Ada &mdash; Run It on the Java Virtual Machine]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120205000142/http://www.sigada.org/education/pages/jgnat.html Write It in Ada &mdash; Run It on the Java Virtual Machine]


{{New York University}}
{{New York University}}

Latest revision as of 16:52, 5 September 2023

For other uses, see Gnat (disambiguation).
GNAT
Developer(s)New York University (NYU), AdaCore and the GNU Project
Initial release1995; 29 years ago (1995)
Stable release
FSF GNAT 9.2 (2019-08-12)[1]

GNAT Pro 7.4 (2016-02-23)[2]

Operating systemFreeBSD, Linux,
Solaris/SPARC,
Microsoft Windows,
Mac OS X,
plus others as supported by FSF GNAT within GCC
TypeCompiler
LicenseGNU GPL 3+ with GCC Runtime Library Exception[3]
Websitewww.getadanow.com - FSF GNAT
www.adacore.com/gnatpro/ GNAT Pro

GNAT is a free-software compiler for the Ada programming language which forms part of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). It supports all versions of the language, i.e. Ada 2012, Ada 2005, Ada 95 and Ada 83. Originally its name was an acronym that stood for GNU NYU Ada Translator, but that name no longer applies. The front-end and run-time are written in Ada.

History[edit]

The GNAT project started in 1992 when the United States Air Force awarded New York University (NYU) a contract to build a free compiler for Ada to help with the Ada 9X standardization process. The 3-million-dollar contract required[citation needed] the use of the GNU GPL for all development, and assigned the copyright to the Free Software Foundation. The first official validation of GNAT occurred in 1995.

In 1994 and 1996, the original authors of GNAT [clarification needed][who?] founded two sister companies, Ada Core Technologies in New York City and ACT-Europe (later AdaCore SAS) in Paris, to provide continuing development and commercial support of GNAT. The two companies always operated as one entity, but did not formally unify until 2012 as AdaCore.[4]

GNAT was initially released separately from the main GCC sources. On October 2, 2001, the GNAT sources were contributed to the GCC CVS repository.[5] The last version to be released separately was GNAT 3.15p, based on GCC 2.8.1, on October 2, 2002. Starting with GCC 3.4, on major platforms the official GCC release is able to pass 100% of the ACATS Ada tests included in the GCC testsuite. By GCC 4.0, more exotic platforms were also able to pass 100% of the ACATS tests.

License[edit]

The compiler is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL 3+ with GCC Runtime Library Exception.[3]

All versions leading up to and including 3.15p are licensed under the GMGPL offering similar runtime exceptions. The GMGPL license is GNU GPL 2 with a linking exception that permits software with licenses that are incompatible with the GPL to be linked with the output of Ada standard generic libraries that are supplied with GNAT without breaching the license agreement.

Versions[edit]

FSF GNAT is part of most major Linux or BSD distributions and is included in the main GCC Sources.

GNAT Pro is a supported version of GNAT from AdaCore.

In addition to FSF GNAT and AdaCore's GNAT Pro, AdaCore releases additional versions (GNAT-GPL, a public older version of GNAT Pro, and GNAT GAP, a version for AdaCore's educational programs).[6] These AdaCore versions have the runtime exceptions removed, this requires software that is linked with the standard libraries to have GPL-compatible licenses to avoid being in breach of the license agreement.

JGNAT was a GNAT version that compiled from the Ada programming language to Java bytecode. GNAT for dotNET is a GNAT version that compiles from the Ada programming language to Common Language Infrastructure for the .NET Framework and the free and open source implementations Mono and Portable.NET.

See also[edit]

  • APSE – a specification for a programming environment to support software development in Ada
  • GNAT Programming Studio
  • GNU Compiler Collection – Free and open-source compiler for various programming languages
  • Ravenscar profile – a subset of the Ada tasking features designed for safety-critical hard real-time computing
  • SPARK – a programming language consisting of a highly restricted subset of Ada, annotated with meta-information describing desired component behavior and individual runtime requirements

References[edit]

  1. ^ "GCC Releases - GNU Project".
  2. ^ "AdaCore Releases GNAT Pro 7.4". AdaCore.
  3. ^ a b "GCC Runtime Library Exception". Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  4. ^ GNAT Pro Insider Autumn/Winter 2014–2015, p.1
  5. ^ GCC CVS mailing list archive "New language: Ada"
  6. ^ "GNAT Pro Comparison". AdaCore. Retrieved 2021-08-17.

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

The Wikibook Ada Programming has a page on the topic of: Finding and installing Ada
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