Tower of Pedro-Sem: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 41°8′57″N 8°37′30″W / 41.14917°N 8.62500°W / 41.14917; -8.62500
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{{Infobox military installation
{{Expand Portuguese|topic=struct|date=April 2011|Torre de Pedro-Sem}}
| name = Tower of Pedro-Sem
[[File:Torre de Pedro Sem.JPG|right|250px]]
| ensign =
'''Torre de Pedro-Sem''' is a historic building in [[Porto]], [[Portugal]].
| ensign_size =
⚫
==References==
⚫
| native_name = Torre de Pedro-Sem
⚫
{{Reflist}}
| type = [[Fortification]]
<!-- images -->
| image = Torre Pedro-Sem 13.jpg
| caption = An oblique view of the Pedro-Sem tower along the ''Rua da Boa Nova''
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map =
| map_caption = Location of the tower within the municipality of Porto
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|41|8|57|N|8|37|30|W|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
<!-- location -->
| partof =
| location = [[Porto (district)|Porto]], [[Grande Porto]], [[Norte Region, Portugal|Norte]]
| nearest_town =
| country = [[Portugal]]
<!-- stats -->
| ownership = Portugal
| operator = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Porto]]
| open_to_public = Private
| site_area =
| built = 14th century
| used =
| builder =
| materials = Granite
| height =
| length =
| fate =
| condition =
| battles =
| events =
| garrison =
| occupants =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Tower of Pedro-Sem''' ({{lang-pt|Torre do Palácio dos Terenas/Torre de Pedro-Sem/Torre da Marca}}) is a [[medieval]] fortification situated in the [[Freguesia|civil parish]] of [[Lordelo do Ouro e Massarelos]], that protected the northern Portuguese city of Porto.


==History==
⚫
{{Porto}}
[[File:Porto houses(1).jpg|thumb|235px|left|A glimpse of the Tower over the medieval-like buildings of the old quarter]]
The tower was ordered constructed by Pedro de Sem, chancellor under King D. [[Afonso IV of Portugal|Afonso IV]] in the first half of the 14th century.<ref name="SIPA">{{citation |url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5554 |title=Torre do Palácio dos Terenas / Torre de Pedro-Sem / Torre da Marca (IPA.00005554/PT011312070006) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first1=Isabel |last1=Sereno |first2=Paulo |last2=Dordio |year=1994 |accessdate=9 November 2016}}</ref> Before being integrated into the former-Palácio dos Terenas, this monument was part of the defensive wall ordered constructed in the first half of the 14th century, that also served as the centre of a pre-urban estate related to the medieval burg.<ref name="IGESPAR">{{citation |url=http://www.patrimoniocultural.pt/pt/patrimonio/patrimonio-imovel/pesquisa-do-patrimonio/classificado-ou-em-vias-de-classificacao/geral/view/70203 |title=Torre do Palácio dos Terenas |editor=IGESPAR |accessdate=9 November 2016 |year=2015 |location=Lisbon, Portugal |publisher=IGESPAR - Instituto Gestão do Patrimonio Arquitectónico e Arqueológico |language=Portuguese}}</ref> It was a prestigious structure used by the monarch to affirm his presence to the city.<ref name=IGESPAR/> By 1431, in the possession of Marim do Sem (sometimes known as Martim d'Océm), then-chancellor of King D. [[Edward of Portugal|Duarte]] (and great-grandson of Pero de Sem), who would eventually be buried in São Domingos de Santarém (his tomb was later transferred to the Museum of São João de Alporão), was the estate of Pero Sem and its tower.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/>


Between 1454 and 1516, following the death of one of Pero de Sem descendant the tower passed into the hands of João Sanches (Sanchez) and his wife Isabel Brandão (Brandoa), daughter of João Brandão, accountant in the estate of Porto.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/><ref>Lima (2001), p.44</ref> This would be the beginning of a long relationship within the hands of the Brandão family, until the end of the 19th century (along with various urban palaces in Porto).<ref name=IGESPAR/> By 1576, Rui Brandão Sanches instituted a family [[majorat]] that included the estate and tower, along with their other possessions.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/>
⚫
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Porto]]


A palace was constructed alongside the tower in the 18th century by the Brandãos, and by the 19th century the tower became the possession of the Counts and Marquesses of Terena, eventually the Marques of Monfalim.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/>
{{Portugal-struct-stub}}


The primitive space, on the periphery of the city, was already under-pressure from the urban sprawl and the old Quinta da Boa Vista, as it was known by the 15th century.<ref name=IGESPAR/> It is in this context that the construction of the 17th century palace occurred, based on a monumental facade and two floors, fronting on a square.<ref name=IGESPAR/> The importance of the square placed the medieval square into a secondary utility. It was preserved by a late Baroque project, owing to its symbolic importance.<ref name=IGESPAR/>
{{coord missing|Portugal}}


In 1919 it was acquire, along with the palace, by the Diocese of Porto, to serve as the Episcopal Palace, while the Municipal Council of Porto used the old Episcopal Palace (between 1916 and 1956).,<ref name=SIPA/> following a series of events from the establishment of the Republic. It was later used as the official residence of the prelate of Porto, before being transformed into the ''Centro de Cultura Católica'' (''Catholic Cultural Centre'').<ref name=SIPA/>
⚫
[[es:Torre de Pedro-Sem]]

[[pt:Torre de Pedro-Sem]]
In 1986, the Diocese recuperated the interior of the tower, to serve as residences, under the project of architect Abrunhosa de Brito, which he presented to the Municipal Council, designated ''Torre da Marca'' (''Tower of Mark'').<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/> Later, in 1995, the Fundação SPES, an organization established folllwoing the death D. António Ferreira Gomes, Bishop of Porto began functioning from the site, as referred to develop ''"a civilization od Love and Beauty"''.<ref name=IGESPAR/><ref>Lima (2001), p.46</ref> The museums and historical patrimony division of the city indicated their support to the project, even as the property was known as the ''Torre das Terenas''.<ref name=SIPA/>

==Architecture==
[[File:Torre de Pedro Sem.JPG|thumb|170px|The austere facade of the medieval fortress]]
The urban structure consists of a group of architectural elements, such the former-Palace of Monfalim and Terena in the old quarter of Porto. To the south is situated the public gardens of the ''Palácio de Cristal'' (''Crystal Palace'') where the former-''Torre da Marca'' was situated.<ref name=SIPA/> The ''Torre da Marca'' was the landmark that indicated the terminus to navigation, constructed by King D. [[John III of Portugal|John III]] in 1542 to orient ships along the Douro, and was erroneously assigned to the ''Torre dos Terenas'' or ''Torre de Pedro-Sem''.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/>

The tower, although suffering various alterations over the centuries, maintains a medieval appearance.<ref name=IGESPAR/> The rectangular tower, is marked by an eastern portico at the ground floor, in addition to a smaller secondary rectangular opening.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/> The first floor includes two small rectangular friezes and additional twin-trilobed windows.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/> Meanwhile, on the second are rectangular windows, that substitute older panes. The entire tower is covered in merlons surmounting machillations.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/> The other facades are covered by the 18th century palace grounds, and only visible from the last floor (along the southern and western views) that include twined and trilobal windows, particularly along the eastern wall.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/>

A 1986 intervention was responsible for a complete transformation of the interior, in addition to the ceiling tile.<ref name=SIPA/> Little is known about the former interior.

⚫
==References==

===Notes===
⚫
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
* {{citation |last=Viterbo |first=Sousa |title=O Pedro Sem, O Tripeiro |location=Porto, Portugal |edition=1 |issue=23 |year=1909 |pages=73–74 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Viterbo |first=Sousa |title=O Pedro Sem, O Tripeiro |location=Porto, Portugal |edition=1 |issue=24 |year=1909 |pages=91–92 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Passos |first=Carlos de |title=Guia Histórico e Artístico do Porto |location=Porto, Portugal |year=1935 |pages=295–298 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last1=Barreiros |first1=Guilherme Bonfim |last2=Freitas |first2=Eugénio de Andrea da Cunha e |title=Janelas Portuguesas |location=Porto, Portugal |year=1961 |pages=10/12 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |title=Casas do Porto. Século XIV ao XIX |location=Porto, Portugal |year=1961 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Coutinho |first=Bernardo Xavier |title=Casas antigas e restos venerandos, História da Cidade do Porto |location=Porto, Portugal |year=1962 |volume=1 |pages=538–542 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |title=Tesouros Artísticos de Portugal, Lisboa |year=1976 |pages=460 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |title=Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico Classificado, Inventário |location=Lisbon, Portugal |year=1993 |volume=II |publisher=Distrito do Porto |pages=79 |language=Portuguese}}
⚫
{{Porto}}

⚫
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Porto]]
[[Category:National monuments in Porto District]]

Latest revision as of 03:39, 11 September 2023

Tower of Pedro-Sem
Torre de Pedro-Sem
Porto, Grande Porto, Norte in Portugal
An oblique view of the Pedro-Sem tower along the Rua da Boa Nova
Coordinates41°8′57″N 8°37′30″W / 41.14917°N 8.62500°W / 41.14917; -8.62500
TypeFortification
Site information
OwnerPortugal
OperatorRoman Catholic Diocese of Porto
Open to
the public		Private
Site history
Built14th century
MaterialsGranite

The Tower of Pedro-Sem (Portuguese: Torre do Palácio dos Terenas/Torre de Pedro-Sem/Torre da Marca) is a medieval fortification situated in the civil parish of Lordelo do Ouro e Massarelos, that protected the northern Portuguese city of Porto.

History[edit]

A glimpse of the Tower over the medieval-like buildings of the old quarter

The tower was ordered constructed by Pedro de Sem, chancellor under King D. Afonso IV in the first half of the 14th century.[1] Before being integrated into the former-Palácio dos Terenas, this monument was part of the defensive wall ordered constructed in the first half of the 14th century, that also served as the centre of a pre-urban estate related to the medieval burg.[2] It was a prestigious structure used by the monarch to affirm his presence to the city.[2] By 1431, in the possession of Marim do Sem (sometimes known as Martim d'Océm), then-chancellor of King D. Duarte (and great-grandson of Pero de Sem), who would eventually be buried in São Domingos de Santarém (his tomb was later transferred to the Museum of São João de Alporão), was the estate of Pero Sem and its tower.[1][2]

Between 1454 and 1516, following the death of one of Pero de Sem descendant the tower passed into the hands of João Sanches (Sanchez) and his wife Isabel Brandão (Brandoa), daughter of João Brandão, accountant in the estate of Porto.[1][2][3] This would be the beginning of a long relationship within the hands of the Brandão family, until the end of the 19th century (along with various urban palaces in Porto).[2] By 1576, Rui Brandão Sanches instituted a family majorat that included the estate and tower, along with their other possessions.[1][2]

A palace was constructed alongside the tower in the 18th century by the Brandãos, and by the 19th century the tower became the possession of the Counts and Marquesses of Terena, eventually the Marques of Monfalim.[1][2]

The primitive space, on the periphery of the city, was already under-pressure from the urban sprawl and the old Quinta da Boa Vista, as it was known by the 15th century.[2] It is in this context that the construction of the 17th century palace occurred, based on a monumental facade and two floors, fronting on a square.[2] The importance of the square placed the medieval square into a secondary utility. It was preserved by a late Baroque project, owing to its symbolic importance.[2]

In 1919 it was acquire, along with the palace, by the Diocese of Porto, to serve as the Episcopal Palace, while the Municipal Council of Porto used the old Episcopal Palace (between 1916 and 1956).,[1] following a series of events from the establishment of the Republic. It was later used as the official residence of the prelate of Porto, before being transformed into the Centro de Cultura Católica (Catholic Cultural Centre).[1]

In 1986, the Diocese recuperated the interior of the tower, to serve as residences, under the project of architect Abrunhosa de Brito, which he presented to the Municipal Council, designated Torre da Marca (Tower of Mark).[1][2] Later, in 1995, the Fundação SPES, an organization established folllwoing the death D. António Ferreira Gomes, Bishop of Porto began functioning from the site, as referred to develop "a civilization od Love and Beauty".[2][4] The museums and historical patrimony division of the city indicated their support to the project, even as the property was known as the Torre das Terenas.[1]

Architecture[edit]

The austere facade of the medieval fortress

The urban structure consists of a group of architectural elements, such the former-Palace of Monfalim and Terena in the old quarter of Porto. To the south is situated the public gardens of the Palácio de Cristal (Crystal Palace) where the former-Torre da Marca was situated.[1] The Torre da Marca was the landmark that indicated the terminus to navigation, constructed by King D. John III in 1542 to orient ships along the Douro, and was erroneously assigned to the Torre dos Terenas or Torre de Pedro-Sem.[1][2]

The tower, although suffering various alterations over the centuries, maintains a medieval appearance.[2] The rectangular tower, is marked by an eastern portico at the ground floor, in addition to a smaller secondary rectangular opening.[1][2] The first floor includes two small rectangular friezes and additional twin-trilobed windows.[1][2] Meanwhile, on the second are rectangular windows, that substitute older panes. The entire tower is covered in merlons surmounting machillations.[1][2] The other facades are covered by the 18th century palace grounds, and only visible from the last floor (along the southern and western views) that include twined and trilobal windows, particularly along the eastern wall.[1][2]

A 1986 intervention was responsible for a complete transformation of the interior, in addition to the ceiling tile.[1] Little is known about the former interior.

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Sereno, Isabel; Dordio, Paulo (1994), SIPA (ed.), Torre do Palácio dos Terenas / Torre de Pedro-Sem / Torre da Marca (IPA.00005554/PT011312070006) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, retrieved 9 November 2016
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r IGESPAR, ed. (2015), Torre do Palácio dos Terenas (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: IGESPAR - Instituto Gestão do Patrimonio Arquitectónico e Arqueológico, retrieved 9 November 2016
  3. ^ Lima (2001), p.44
  4. ^ Lima (2001), p.46

Sources[edit]

  • Viterbo, Sousa (1909), O Pedro Sem, O Tripeiro (in Portuguese) (1 ed.), Porto, Portugal, pp. 73–74{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Viterbo, Sousa (1909), O Pedro Sem, O Tripeiro (in Portuguese) (1 ed.), Porto, Portugal, pp. 91–92{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Passos, Carlos de (1935), Guia Histórico e Artístico do Porto (in Portuguese), Porto, Portugal, pp. 295–298{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Barreiros, Guilherme Bonfim; Freitas, Eugénio de Andrea da Cunha e (1961), Janelas Portuguesas (in Portuguese), Porto, Portugal, pp. 10/12{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Casas do Porto. Século XIV ao XIX (in Portuguese), Porto, Portugal, 1961{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Coutinho, Bernardo Xavier (1962), Casas antigas e restos venerandos, História da Cidade do Porto (in Portuguese), vol. 1, Porto, Portugal, pp. 538–542{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Tesouros Artísticos de Portugal, Lisboa (in Portuguese), 1976, p. 460
  • Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico Classificado, Inventário (in Portuguese), vol. II, Lisbon, Portugal: Distrito do Porto, 1993, p. 79
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