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| successor = [[Aleksandra Piłsudska]]
| successor = [[Aleksandra Piłsudska]]
| birth_date = 1865
| birth_date = 1865
| birth_place = [[Zalavas]], [[Vilna Governorate]] (now part of [[Vilnius County]], [[Lithuania]])
| birth_place = [[Vilnius]], [[Vilna Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]] (now part of [[Vilnius County]], [[Lithuania]])
| birthname = Maria Koplewska
| birthname = Maria Koplewska
| death_date = {{death date|1921|8|17|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date|1921|8|17|df=y}} (aged 55–56)
| death_place = [[Kraków]], [[Poland]]
| death_place = [[Kraków]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]
| nationality = Polish
| nationality = Polish
| party =
| party =
| spouse = {{marriage|Marian Juszkiewicz|1883|1887|end=divorce}}<br/>{{marriage|[[Józef Piłsudski]]|1899|1921|end=her death}}
| spouse = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|Marian Juszkiewicz|1883|1887|end=divorce}}
*{{marriage|[[Józef Piłsudski]]|1899}}
}}
| relations =
| relations =
| children = Wanda Juszkiewicz (1887-1908)
| children = Wanda Juszkiewicz (1887–1908)
| residence =
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[Bestuzhev Courses]]
| alma_mater = [[Bestuzhev Courses]]
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| signature =
| signature =
}}
}}
[[File:Koplewska-Maria-150dpi demoire PR.jpg|thumb|Maria Piłsudska née Koplewska (1865-1921) in her youth, ca. 1885]] [[Image:Rossa-Maria Piłsudska.JPG|thumb|300px|Maria Piłsudska's grave at [[Rossa Cemetery]] in [[Vilnius]]]]


'''Maria Piłsudska''' (née '''Koplewska'''; 1865 – 17 August 1921), was the first wife of [[Poland]]'s [[Marshal of Poland|Marshal]] [[Józef Piłsudski]] and ostensibly the [[first lady]] of Poland during most of his service as Poland's [[list of Presidents of Poland|Chief of State]].
'''Maria Piłsudska''' (née '''Koplewska'''; 1865 – 17 August 1921), was a Polish socialist and independence activist, the first wife of [[Poland]]'s [[Chief of State (Poland)|Chief of State]] [[Józef Piłsudski]] and ostensibly the [[first lady]] of Poland during most of his service as Poland's [[list of Presidents of Poland|Chief of State]].


== Life ==
== Life ==
She was born in 1865 in [[Zalavas]] (now part of [[Vilnius County]]), at that time part of the [[Russian Empire]], to Konstanty Koplewski, a prominent physician. After graduating from high school, she moved to [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], [[Russia]]. There she studied in the [[Bestuzhev Courses]], a university for women, while cultivating friendships within certain revolutionary circles. It was there she met Marian Juszkiewicz, a young [[railway]] engineer whom she married in 1883. Their marriage was not a happy one, however, and fell apart soon after the birth of their daughter, Wanda, in 1887.
[[File:Koplewska-Maria-150dpi demoire PR.jpg|thumb|Maria Piłsudska née Koplewska (1865-1921) in her youth, ca. 1885|left|214x214px]] [[Image:Rossa-Maria Piłsudska.JPG|thumb|150x150px|Maria Piłsudska's grave at [[Rossa Cemetery]] in [[Vilnius]]|left]]She was born in 1865 in [[Vilnius]], at that time part of the [[Russian Empire]], to Konstanty Koplewski, a prominent physician. After graduating from high school, she moved to [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], [[Russia]]. There she studied in the [[Bestuzhev Courses]], a university for women, while cultivating friendships within certain revolutionary circles. It was there she met Marian Juszkiewicz, a young [[railway]] engineer whom she married in 1883. Their marriage was not a happy one, however, and fell apart soon after the birth of their daughter, Wanda, in 1887.


In 1892, the beautiful, intelligent and socially poised Maria met [[Józef Piłsudski]]. After seven years, they married on 15 July 1899 at the village of [[Paproć Duża]] near [[Łomża]]. Since Maria was a divorcee and the Catholic Church did not recognize divorce, she and Piłsudski had converted to [[Protestantism]]. Soon afterward they settled in [[Łódź]], where Józef continued his revolutionary activities. In February 1900, they were arrested when a clandestine printing press was discovered in their apartment. After eleven months Maria was released, while Piłsudski remained imprisoned in the infamous Tenth Pavilion at the [[Warsaw Citadel]] in the Russian-occupied part of Poland. Upon his subsequent escape from a mental hospital in St. Petersburg to which he had been transferred, the couple moved to [[Lwów]], in eastern [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]] in [[Austria-Hungary]].
In 1892, the beautiful, intelligent and socially poised Maria met [[Józef Piłsudski]]. After seven years, they married on 15 July 1899 at the village of [[Paproć Duża]] near [[Łomża]]. Since Maria was a divorcee and the Catholic Church did not recognize divorce, she and Piłsudski had converted to [[Protestantism]]. Soon afterward they settled in [[Łódź]], where Józef continued his revolutionary activities. In February 1900, they were arrested when a clandestine printing press was discovered in their apartment. After eleven months Maria was released, while Piłsudski remained imprisoned in the infamous Tenth Pavilion at the [[Warsaw Citadel]] in the Russian-occupied part of Poland. Upon his subsequent escape from a mental hospital in St. Petersburg to which he had been transferred, the couple moved to [[Lwów]], in eastern [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]] in [[Austria-Hungary]].
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Maria Piłsudska died in Kraków on 17 August 1921. She was buried at the [[Rasos Cemetery]] in [[Vilnius]]. Piłsudski did not attend the funeral; two months later he married Aleksandra, by whom he had had a daughter, [[Wanda Piłsudska|Wanda]], in 1918, and a second daughter, [[Jadwiga Piłsudska|Jadwiga]], in 1920.
Maria Piłsudska died in Kraków on 17 August 1921. She was buried at the [[Rasos Cemetery]] in [[Vilnius]]. Piłsudski did not attend the funeral; two months later he married Aleksandra, by whom he had had a daughter, [[Wanda Piłsudska|Wanda]], in 1918, and a second daughter, [[Jadwiga Piłsudska|Jadwiga]], in 1920.


== References ==
== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=1981 |title=Maria z Koplewskich Piłsudska |encyclopedia=Polski Słownik Biograficzny |location=Wrocław |last=Garlicki |first=Andrzej |volume=26 |pages=304–305 |language=pl}}
* ''[[Polski słownik biograficzny]]''


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[[Category:People from Sventsyansky Uyezd]]
[[Category:People from Sventsyansky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:First Ladies of Poland]]
[[Category:First ladies of Poland]]
[[Category:Polish Lutherans]]
[[Category:Polish Lutherans]]
[[Category:Polish socialists]]
[[Category:Polish socialists]]

Latest revision as of 23:43, 6 November 2023

Maria Piłsudska
First Lady of Poland
In role
November 14, 1918 – 17 August 1921
PresidentJózef Piłsudski
(Chief of State)
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byAleksandra Piłsudska
Personal details
Born
Maria Koplewska

1865
Vilnius, Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire (now part of Vilnius County, Lithuania)
Died(1921-08-17)17 August 1921 (aged 55–56)
Kraków, Poland
NationalityPolish
Spouses
Marian Juszkiewicz
​
​
(m. 1883; div. 1887)​
​
(m. 1899)​
ChildrenWanda Juszkiewicz (1887–1908)
Alma materBestuzhev Courses

Maria Piłsudska (née Koplewska; 1865 – 17 August 1921), was a Polish socialist and independence activist, the first wife of Poland's Chief of State Józef Piłsudski and ostensibly the first lady of Poland during most of his service as Poland's Chief of State.

Life[edit]

Maria Piłsudska née Koplewska (1865-1921) in her youth, ca. 1885
Maria Piłsudska's grave at Rossa Cemetery in Vilnius

She was born in 1865 in Vilnius, at that time part of the Russian Empire, to Konstanty Koplewski, a prominent physician. After graduating from high school, she moved to St. Petersburg, Russia. There she studied in the Bestuzhev Courses, a university for women, while cultivating friendships within certain revolutionary circles. It was there she met Marian Juszkiewicz, a young railway engineer whom she married in 1883. Their marriage was not a happy one, however, and fell apart soon after the birth of their daughter, Wanda, in 1887.

In 1892, the beautiful, intelligent and socially poised Maria met Józef Piłsudski. After seven years, they married on 15 July 1899 at the village of Paproć Duża near Łomża. Since Maria was a divorcee and the Catholic Church did not recognize divorce, she and Piłsudski had converted to Protestantism. Soon afterward they settled in Łódź, where Józef continued his revolutionary activities. In February 1900, they were arrested when a clandestine printing press was discovered in their apartment. After eleven months Maria was released, while Piłsudski remained imprisoned in the infamous Tenth Pavilion at the Warsaw Citadel in the Russian-occupied part of Poland. Upon his subsequent escape from a mental hospital in St. Petersburg to which he had been transferred, the couple moved to Lwów, in eastern Galicia in Austria-Hungary.

In mid-November 1901, they relocated to London, the seat of the Polish Socialist Party's leadership. In April 1902, however, pursuant to the needs of the PPS, they returned to Lwów, and in 1904 moved to Kraków.

In May 1906 Piłsudski met Aleksandra Szczerbińska, who was working with the PPS paramilitary organization. After a time, Piłsudski and Aleksandra began an affair. In 1908 Maria Piłsudska's daughter by her first marriage, Wanda, died. By 1909, Maria was aware of Józef's affair but refused to divorce him, and they continued to share a home until the outbreak of the First World War. Maria remained popular among the PPS and its paramilitary faction, and had helped Józef gain adherents amongst them. Their marriage continued to deteriorate, however, and after his release from Magdeburg Prison in November 1918, Piłsudski abandoned her. Aleksandra Szczerbińska became his de facto wife, although for propriety's sake they had to maintain separate homes. Maria Piłsudska withdrew from public life and continued to reside in Kraków.

Maria Piłsudska died in Kraków on 17 August 1921. She was buried at the Rasos Cemetery in Vilnius. Piłsudski did not attend the funeral; two months later he married Aleksandra, by whom he had had a daughter, Wanda, in 1918, and a second daughter, Jadwiga, in 1920.

Bibliography[edit]

  • Garlicki, Andrzej (1981). "Maria z Koplewskich Piłsudska". Polski Słownik Biograficzny (in Polish). Vol. 26. Wrocław. pp. 304–305.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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