Colchicum speciosum: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Colchicum speciosum Flowers BotGardBln0906.JPG
| image = Colchicum speciosum Flowers BotGardBln0906.JPG
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| genus = Colchicum
⚫
| species = speciosum
| unranked_divisio = [[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]]
⚫
| authority = [[Christian von Steven|Steven]]
| unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="ishtar"/>
| ordo = [[Liliales]]
| synonyms = *''Colchicum latifolium'' <small>Griseb.</small>
| familia = [[Colchicaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Colchicum]]''
*''Colchicum bornmuelleri'' <small>Freyn</small>
*''Colchicum speciosum'' var. ''lenkoranicum'' <small>Miscz.</small>
⚫
| species = '''''C. speciosum'''''
| binomial = ''Colchicum speciosum''
*''Colchicum giganteum'' <small>S.Arn.</small>
*''Colchicum hyrcanicum'' <small>Woronow</small>
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Christian von Steven|Steven]]
*''Colchicum lenkoranicum'' <small>(Miscz.) Grossh.</small>
}}
}}
'''''Colchicum speciosum''''' is native to mountainous areas of northern [[Turkey]] and other parts of the [[Caucasus]] region.


'''''Colchicum speciosum'''''<ref name="ishtar">[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=302843 World checklist of selected families]</ref> is a [[species]] of [[flowering plant]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] Colchicaceae, [[native plant|native]] to mountainous areas of northern [[Turkey]], the [[Caucasus]] and northern [[Iran]]. Growing to {{convert|18|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall by {{convert|10|cm|0|abbr=on}} wide, it is an [[herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]] growing from [[corm]]s. ''C. speciosum'' blooms in the fall, producing reddish/violet flowers on stems up to {{convert|30|cm}} tall without any leaves present. The strap-like leaves grow in the spring, then yellow, wither and die back as summer progresses. The flowers strongly resemble those of the [[crocus]], the familiar spring-flowering bulb; hence the [[common name]] '''autumn crocus''' which is applied to this and other colchicum species. However the two genera belong to different families;<ref name=RHSAZ>{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1405332965|pages=1136}}</ref><ref>Steven, Christian von. 1829. Nouveau Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 7: 265, t. 15.</ref> and there is in fact an autumn-flowering crocus species, ''[[Crocus sativus]]'', the source of the spice saffron. By contrast, all parts of ''Colchicum speciosum'' are toxic if ingested.<ref name = RHSPF>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/4232/Colchicum-speciosum/Details | title = ''Colchicum speciosum'' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 28 June 2021}}</ref>
They bloom in the fall, producing reddish/violet flowers on stems up to {{convert|30|cm}} tall without any leaves present. The leaves grow in the spring, then yellow, wither and die back as summer progresses.


==Cultivation==
This plant is a vigorous grower and does well in full sun to part shade locations and well-drained soils in most climates.
''Colchicum speciosum'' is a vigorous grower and does well in full sun to partial shade and well-drained soils in most climates. It is valued in gardens for its late flowering at the end of summer and into autumn.<ref name=RHSAZ />


[[Cultivars]] include the white 'Album'<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Colchicum speciosum'' 'Album'|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/92234/Colchicum-speciosum-Album/Details | accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> and the amethyst-purple ‘Atrorubens’<ref>{{cite web
''Colchicum bornmuelleri'' was once considered an independent species, but has now been included with ''Colchicum speciosum'' as ''Colchicum speciosum'' var. ''bornmuelleri''.<ref>Autumn Bulbs by Roy Leeds (B.T. Batsford Ltd) 2006 ISBN 0 713 489 626</ref>
| url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/97550/i-Colchicum-speciosum-i-Atrorubens/Details
| title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Crocus speciosum'' 'Atrorubens'
| accessdate = 30 January 2018}}</ref> which have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]] (confirmed 2017).<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 22 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 24 January 2018}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Colchicum speciosum008.jpg|''C. speciosum'' close-up
File:Colchicum bornmuelleri - flower3.jpg|''C. speciosum'' var. ''bornmuelleri'' close-up
File:Colchicum speciosum album clump.jpg|''C. speciosum'' 'Album' clump
File:Colchicum speciosum 'Album' 2022.JPG|''C. speciosum'' 'Album' clump close-up
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2671042}}
⚫
[[Category:Colchicaceae]]
⚫
[[Category:Plants described in 1829]]


⚫
[[Category:Colchicum|speciosum]]
[[ar:لحلاح خلاب]]
⚫
[[Category:Plants described in 1829]]
[[az:Gözəl vaxtsızçiçək]]
[[Category:Flora of Turkey]]
⚫
[[fr:Colchicum speciosum]]
⚫
[[Category:Flora of Iran]]
[[ru:Безвременник великолепный]]
[[Category:Flora of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Flora of Armenia]]
[[Category:Flora of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Flora of Russia]]

Latest revision as of 16:46, 22 November 2023

Colchicum speciosum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Colchicaceae
Genus: Colchicum
Species:
C. speciosum
Binomial name
Colchicum speciosum
Synonyms[1]
  • Colchicum latifolium Griseb.
  • Colchicum bornmuelleri Freyn
  • Colchicum speciosum var. lenkoranicum Miscz.
  • Colchicum giganteum S.Arn.
  • Colchicum hyrcanicum Woronow
  • Colchicum lenkoranicum (Miscz.) Grossh.

Colchicum speciosum[1] is a species of flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae, native to mountainous areas of northern Turkey, the Caucasus and northern Iran. Growing to 18 cm (7 in) tall by 10 cm (4 in) wide, it is an herbaceous perennial growing from corms. C. speciosum blooms in the fall, producing reddish/violet flowers on stems up to 30 centimetres (12 in) tall without any leaves present. The strap-like leaves grow in the spring, then yellow, wither and die back as summer progresses. The flowers strongly resemble those of the crocus, the familiar spring-flowering bulb; hence the common name autumn crocus which is applied to this and other colchicum species. However the two genera belong to different families;[2][3] and there is in fact an autumn-flowering crocus species, Crocus sativus, the source of the spice saffron. By contrast, all parts of Colchicum speciosum are toxic if ingested.[4]

Cultivation[edit]

Colchicum speciosum is a vigorous grower and does well in full sun to partial shade and well-drained soils in most climates. It is valued in gardens for its late flowering at the end of summer and into autumn.[2]

Cultivars include the white 'Album'[5] and the amethyst-purple ‘Atrorubens’[6] which have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017).[7]

  • C. speciosum close-up
    C. speciosum close-up
  • C. speciosum var. bornmuelleri close-up
    C. speciosum var. bornmuelleri close-up
  • C. speciosum 'Album' clump
    C. speciosum 'Album' clump
  • C. speciosum 'Album' clump close-up
    C. speciosum 'Album' clump close-up

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b World checklist of selected families
  2. ^ a b RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  3. ^ Steven, Christian von. 1829. Nouveau Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 7: 265, t. 15.
  4. ^ "Colchicum speciosum". RHS. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  5. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Colchicum speciosum 'Album'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  6. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Crocus speciosum 'Atrorubens'". Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  7. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 22. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
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