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{{Short description|Species of cycad}}
{{Taxobox
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
| color = lightgreen
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
⚫
| name = ''Cycas beddomei''
{{Speciesbox
⚫
| image =Cycas beddomei 03.jpg
| status = EN
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| trend = stable
| status_ref = <ref>{{Cite journal | author = Rao, B.R.P. | title = ''Cycas beddomei'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2010 | page = e.T42036A10634328 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2010 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/42036/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T42036A10634328.en | access-date = 14 January 2018| doi-access = free }}</ref>
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| status2 = CITES_A1
| divisio = [[Cycad]]ophyta
| status2_system = CITES
| classis = [[Cycad]]opsida
| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
| ordo = [[Cycad]]ales
| familia = [[Cycas|Cycadaceae]]
| genus = Cycas
⚫
| species = beddomei
| genus = ''[[Cycas]]''
| authority = [[William Turner Thiselton-Dyer|Dyer]]
⚫
| species = '''''C. beddomei'''''
| binomial = ''Cycas beddomei''
}}
}}
==Description==


'''''Cycas beddomei''''' is a species of [[cycad]] in the genus ''[[Cycas]]'', native to [[India]], where it is confined to a small area of [[Andhra Pradesh]] state in the [[Tirumala Hills]] in [[Deccan thorn scrub forests|scrubland and brush covered hills]].
⚫
'''''Cycas beddomei''''' is named after botanist Richard Henry Beddome. Superficially similar to [[C. Revoluta]], it has stems [[arborescent]], erect and solitary beyond 6 feet tall, 4-6 inches diameter. Leaves 20-30 in crown, 3-4 feet long. Stiff, [[lanceolate]], with minute spines, leaflets in pairs of 50-100, angled forward at 45 degrees. The plant is unique in it contains a layer of fleshy material between the [[sarcotesta]] and the [[sclerotesta]] that is thought to aid the seed by providing it with a source of water. As cycad seeds have no dormancy, this would be an important trait in its arid habitat.


Superficially similar to ''[[Cycas revoluta]]'', it has erect, solitary stems. There are 20-30 [[leaf|leaves]] in the crown, each leaf 90&nbsp;cm long, stiff, lanceolate, pinnate, with 50-100 pairs of leaflets, these 10–17.5&nbsp;cm long and 3–4&nbsp;mm wide, and angled forward at 45 degrees; the leaf petiole bears minute spines.
⚫
Female cones open, with [[sporophyll]]s 6-8 inches long, with pink-brown colored [[tomentose]], with 2-4 ovules. Cones emerge in November to December, ripening in March to May. Strongly toothed margin of [[Lamina]], with acuminate point. [[Sarcotesta]] yellow to brown colored. Male cones solitary, ovoid 8-13 inches long. apical spine present, with rhomboid sporophyll face.

⚫
The female [[strobilus|cones]] are open, with [[sporophyll]]s 15–20&nbsp;cm long, with pink-brown coloured tomentose down, with two ovules. The cones emerge in November to December, ripening in March to May. The [[Leaf|lamina]] margin is strongly toothed, with an acuminate point. The [[sarcotesta]] is yellow to brown. The male cones are solitary, ovoid, 30&nbsp;cm long and 7.5&nbsp;cm broad, with an apical spine and rhomboid sporophyll face.

⚫
The species is unusual in that it contains a layer of fleshy material between the [[sarcotesta]] and the [[sclerotesta]] that is thought to aid the seed by providing it with a source of water. As cycad seeds have no dormancy, this would be an important trait in its arid habitat.

It is named after the botanist [[Richard Henry Beddome]].


==Habitat==
==Habitat==
Native to heights of 1000-3000 feet in scrubland and brush covered hills of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Andhrah Pradesh]] states of [[India]]. This cycad is found in dry, hot sites in the scrublands of northern India. Clumps of the plant are common via pups only in males. The plant is fairly fire resistant. The male cones of the plant are used by local herbalists as a cure for [[rhumatoid arthritis]] and muscle pains, much like [[Ben Gay]] due to its cooling effect, and is called [[per ita]]. This cycad, due to its demand for medicinal purposes, and lack of living populations, is the most endangered of its genus.
This cycad is found in dry, hot sites in the [[Deccan thorn scrub forests|scrublands]] of eastern India. Clumps of the plant are common via pups only in males. The plant is fairly fire resistant, except as seeds and seedlings, which are very vulnerable to annual grass fires.

== Chemistry ==
The biflavonoids [[2",3"-dihydrohinokiflavone]], [[2,3,2",3"-tetrahydrohinokiflavone]], [[2,3-dihydroamentoflavone]], [[2,3,2",3"-tetrahydroamentoflavone]], [[2,3-dihydro-4"'-0-methyl-amentoflavone]], and [[pinoresinol]] can be isolated from ''C. beddomei''.<ref>A new biflavonoid from Cycas beddomeit. Bishwanath Das, Gurram Mahender, Yerra Koteswara Rao and Ponnaboina Thirupathi, Indian Journal of Chemistry, August 2006, Vol. 45B, pages 1933-1935 ([http://203.199.182.84:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/667/1/80.pdf article]{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref>

== Uses ==
The male cones of the plant are used in [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic medicine]] as a cure for [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and muscle pains. This cycad, due to its demand for medicinal purposes, and consequent reduction in living populations, is now an [[endangered species]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/cycadpg?taxname=Cycas+beddomei Cycad Pages: ''Cycas beddomei''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228030956/http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/cycadpg?taxname=Cycas+beddomei |date=28 December 2019 }}
*Rita Singh & Khuraijam Jibankumar Singh (2013-) Cycads of India. http://www.cycadsofindia.in/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118092551/http://www.cycadsofindia.in/ |date=18 January 2021 }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1054770}}

{{Tirupati topics}}


[[Category:Cycads]]
[[Category:Cycas|beddomei]]
[[Category:Flora of India]]
[[Category:Flora of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Endangered plants]]

Latest revision as of 12:15, 1 January 2024

Cycas beddomei
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Cycadophyta
Class: Cycadopsida
Order: Cycadales
Family: Cycadaceae
Genus: Cycas
Species:
C. beddomei
Binomial name
Cycas beddomei

Cycas beddomei is a species of cycad in the genus Cycas, native to India, where it is confined to a small area of Andhra Pradesh state in the Tirumala Hills in scrubland and brush covered hills.

Superficially similar to Cycas revoluta, it has erect, solitary stems. There are 20-30 leaves in the crown, each leaf 90 cm long, stiff, lanceolate, pinnate, with 50-100 pairs of leaflets, these 10–17.5 cm long and 3–4 mm wide, and angled forward at 45 degrees; the leaf petiole bears minute spines.

The female cones are open, with sporophylls 15–20 cm long, with pink-brown coloured tomentose down, with two ovules. The cones emerge in November to December, ripening in March to May. The lamina margin is strongly toothed, with an acuminate point. The sarcotesta is yellow to brown. The male cones are solitary, ovoid, 30 cm long and 7.5 cm broad, with an apical spine and rhomboid sporophyll face.

The species is unusual in that it contains a layer of fleshy material between the sarcotesta and the sclerotesta that is thought to aid the seed by providing it with a source of water. As cycad seeds have no dormancy, this would be an important trait in its arid habitat.

It is named after the botanist Richard Henry Beddome.

Habitat[edit]

This cycad is found in dry, hot sites in the scrublands of eastern India. Clumps of the plant are common via pups only in males. The plant is fairly fire resistant, except as seeds and seedlings, which are very vulnerable to annual grass fires.

Chemistry[edit]

The biflavonoids 2",3"-dihydrohinokiflavone, 2,3,2",3"-tetrahydrohinokiflavone, 2,3-dihydroamentoflavone, 2,3,2",3"-tetrahydroamentoflavone, 2,3-dihydro-4"'-0-methyl-amentoflavone, and pinoresinol can be isolated from C. beddomei.[3]

Uses[edit]

The male cones of the plant are used in Ayurvedic medicine as a cure for rheumatoid arthritis and muscle pains. This cycad, due to its demand for medicinal purposes, and consequent reduction in living populations, is now an endangered species.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Rao, B.R.P. (2010). "Cycas beddomei". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010. IUCN: e.T42036A10634328. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T42036A10634328.en. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  3. ^ A new biflavonoid from Cycas beddomeit. Bishwanath Das, Gurram Mahender, Yerra Koteswara Rao and Ponnaboina Thirupathi, Indian Journal of Chemistry, August 2006, Vol. 45B, pages 1933-1935 (article[permanent dead link])
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