Religion in Burkina Faso: Difference between revisions

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Religion in Burkina Faso (2019 census)^[1]

Islam (63.8%)

Christianity (26.3%)

Indigenous beliefs (9%)

Others / None (0.9%)

Burkina Faso is a religiously diverse society, with Islam being the dominant religion. According to the latest 2019 census, 63.8% of the population adheres to Islam.^[1] Around 26.3% of the population practices Christianity, 9.0% follow Animism/Folk Religion (African traditional religion), and that 0.9% are unaffiliated or follow other faiths.^[2]^[3]

The vast majority of Muslims in Burkina Faso are Sunni Muslims who follow Maliki school of law, deeply influenced by Sufism.^[2]^[3] The Shi'a and Ahmadiyya branches of Islam also have a presence in the country. A significant number of Sunni Muslims identify with the Tijaniyah Sufi order.^{[citation needed]}

Statistics

Statistics on religion in Burkina Faso are inexact, because Islam and Christianity are often practiced in tandem with African traditional religions. The Government of Burkina Faso stated in its most recent census (2019) that 63.8% of the population practice Islam, and that the majority of this group belong to the Sunni branch,^[1]^[3] while a small minority adheres to the Shi'a branch. A significant number of Sunni Muslims identify with the Tijaniyah Sufi order. The Government has also estimated that some 26.3% are Christians (20.1% being Roman Catholics and 6.2% members of various Protestant denominations), 9.0% follow Traditional indigenous beliefs such as the Dogon religion, 0.2% have other religions, and 0.7% have none (atheism is virtually nonexistent).^[2]^[3]^[1]

Statistics on religious affiliation are approximate because Syncretism, incorporating traditional indigenous beliefs and practices, is widespread among both Christians and Muslims.^[4] The majority of citizens practice traditional indigenous religious beliefs to varying degrees, and strict adherence to Christian and Muslim beliefs is often nominal.^[3] Almost all citizens are believers, and atheism is virtually nonexistent. One 2015 study estimates some 200,000 Christian believers from a Muslim background in the country, though not all are citizens.^[5]^[6]

Burkina Faso Official Census Data^[1]^[7]
Census Year	Muslims	Christians	Catholics	Protestants	Animists	Other / None
2006^[7]	60.5%	23.2%	19.0%	4.2%	15.3%	1.0%
2019^[1]	63.8%	26.3%	20.1%	6.2%	9.0%	0.9%
Growth	3.3%	3.1%	1.1%	2.0%	-6.3%	-0.1%

Geography

Muslims reside largely around the northern, eastern, and western borders, while Christians live in the center of the country. People practice traditional indigenous religious beliefs throughout the country, especially in rural communities.^[8] The region with the largest Animist population is Sud-Ouest at 48.1%.^[1] Ouagadougou, the capital, has a mixed Muslim and Christian population;^[8] however, Bobo-Dioulasso, the country's second-largest city, is mostly Muslim. In 2010, small Syrian and Lebanese immigrant communities resided in the two largest cities, and were overwhelmingly (more than 90 percent) Christian.^[3]

Ethnicity

In 2010, there were more than 60 different ethnicities in the country.^[3] Most ethnic groups are religiously heterogeneous, although the Fula are almost entirely Muslim.^[9]

Freedom of religion

In 2023, Open Doors ranked Burkina Faso as the 23rd worst country to be a Christian.^[10] It also scored 3 out of 4 for religious freedom.^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Aib, Az (2022-07-01). "Burkina : 48,1% de la population du Sud-ouest pratique l'Animisme (officiel)". AIB - Agence d'Information du Burkina (in French). Retrieved 2022-10-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c Comité national du recensement (July 2008). "Recensement général de la population et de l'habitation de 2006" (PDF). Conseil national de la statistique. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "International Religious Freedom Report 2010: Burkina Faso". United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. November 17, 2010. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ US State Dept 2022 report
^ Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane A (2015). "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census". IJRR. 11: 14. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
^ "Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples (EDSBF-MICS IV) 2010" (PDF). April 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Burkina Faso: Preserving the Religious Balance". www.crisisgroup.org. 2016-09-06. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
^ ^a ^b "Burkina Faso". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
^ US State Dept 2022 report
^ Open Doors website, Retrieved 2023-08-01
^ Freedom House website, Retrieved 2023-08-01

[:0-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Aib, Az (2022-07-01). "Burkina : 48,1% de la population du Sud-ouest pratique l'Animisme (officiel)". AIB - Agence d'Information du Burkina (in French). Retrieved 2022-10-16.

[RGPH2006-2] Comité national du recensement (July 2008). "Recensement général de la population et de l'habitation de 2006" (PDF). Conseil national de la statistique. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2011.

[report2010-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "International Religious Freedom Report 2010: Burkina Faso". United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. November 17, 2010. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[4] US State Dept 2022 report

[5] Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane A (2015). "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census". IJRR. 11: 14. Retrieved 20 November 2015.

[6] "Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples (EDSBF-MICS IV) 2010" (PDF). April 2012.

[:2-7] "Burkina Faso: Preserving the Religious Balance". www.crisisgroup.org. 2016-09-06. Retrieved 2022-10-19.

[:1-8] "Burkina Faso". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2022-10-16.

[9] US State Dept 2022 report

[10] Open Doors website, Retrieved 2023-08-01

[11] Freedom House website, Retrieved 2023-08-01

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[2]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|none}}
 {{Pie chart
 |thumb = right
+|caption = Religion in Burkina Faso (2019 census)<ref name=":0" />
-|caption = Religion in Burkina Faso (2020)<ref name=pewforum>{{Cite web|date=2015-04-02|title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref>
 |label1 = [[Islam]]
-|value1 = 63
+|value1 = 63.8
 |color1 = Green
 |label2 = [[Christianity]]
-|value2 = 22
+|value2 = 26.3
 |color2 = DodgerBlue
 |label3 = [[Traditional African religions|Indigenous beliefs]]
-|value3 = 15
+|value3 = 9
 |color3 = Beige
+|label4 = Others / [[Irreligion|None]]
+|value4 = 0.9
+|color4 = Grey
 }}
 {{Culture of Burkina Faso}}
-[[Image:BoboDioulasso-GrandMosqueN.JPG|thumb|250px|Mosque in [[Bobo-Dioulasso]], [[Burkina Faso]]]]
+[[Image:BoboDioulasso-GrandMosqueN.JPG|thumb|Mosque in [[Bobo-Dioulasso]], [[Burkina Faso]]]]
-[[File:Ouagacathedrale.png|thumb|250px|[[Ouagadougou Cathedral|Cathedral of Ouagadougou]]]]
+[[File:Ouagacathedrale.png|thumb|[[Ouagadougou Cathedral]]]]
-[[Burkina Faso]] is a religiously diverse society, with [[Islam]] being the dominant religion. According to the 2020 estimate by the Pew Research Center, 62.7% of the population adheres to Islam.<ref name=pewforum/> The vast majority of [[Muslims]] in Burkina Faso are [[Sunni Muslims]] who follow [[Maliki]] school of law, deeply influenced by [[Sufism]].<ref name=RGPH2006>{{cite web |url=http://cns.bf/IMG/pdf/Depliant_Resultats_Definitifs_du_RGPH_2006.pdf |title=Recensement général de la population et de l'habitation de 2006 |author=Comité national du recensement |date=July 2008 |publisher=Conseil national de la statistique |access-date=20 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511060719/http://cns.bf/IMG/pdf/Depliant_Resultats_Definitifs_du_RGPH_2006.pdf |archive-date=11 May 2011 }}</ref><ref name=report2010>{{cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148665.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123095844/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148665.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 23, 2010 |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2010: Burkina Faso |publisher=United States [[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor]] |date=November 17, 2010}} This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].</ref> The [[Shi'a]] branch of Islam also has a small presence in the country. A significant number of Sunni Muslims identify with the [[Tijaniyah]] Sufi order. The Pew Research Center also estimated that 21.7% practices [[Christianity]], 15.1% follow [[Animism]]/[[Folk religion|Folk Religion]] i.e., [[African traditional religion]], and that 0.5% are unaffiliated.<ref name=RGPH2006/><ref name=report2010/>
+[[Burkina Faso]] is a religiously diverse society, with [[Islam]] being the dominant religion. According to the latest 2019 census, 63.8% of the population adheres to Islam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Aib |first=Az |date=2022-07-01 |title=Burkina : 48,1% de la population du Sud-ouest pratique l'Animisme (officiel) |url=https://www.aib.media/2022/07/01/burkina-481-de-la-population-du-sud-ouest-pratique-lanimisme-officiel/ |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=AIB - Agence d'Information du Burkina |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Around 26.3% of the population practices [[Christianity]], 9.0% follow [[Animism]]/[[Folk religion|Folk Religion]] ([[African traditional religion]]), and that 0.9% are unaffiliated or follow other faiths.<ref name=RGPH2006/><ref name=report2010/>
+The vast majority of [[Muslims]] in Burkina Faso are [[Sunni Muslims]] who follow [[Maliki]] school of law, deeply influenced by [[Sufism]].<ref name=RGPH2006>{{cite web |url=http://cns.bf/IMG/pdf/Depliant_Resultats_Definitifs_du_RGPH_2006.pdf |title=Recensement général de la population et de l'habitation de 2006 |author=Comité national du recensement |date=July 2008 |publisher=Conseil national de la statistique |access-date=20 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511060719/http://cns.bf/IMG/pdf/Depliant_Resultats_Definitifs_du_RGPH_2006.pdf |archive-date=11 May 2011 }}</ref><ref name=report2010>{{cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148665.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123095844/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148665.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 23, 2010 |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2010: Burkina Faso |publisher=United States [[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor]] |date=November 17, 2010}} This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].</ref> The [[Shi'a]] and [[Ahmadiyya]] branches of Islam also have a presence in the country. A significant number of Sunni Muslims identify with the [[Tijaniyah]] Sufi order.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
 ==Statistics==
-Statistics on religion in [[Burkina Faso]] are inexact, because [[Islam]] and [[Christianity]] are often practiced in tandem with [[African traditional religion]]s. The [[Government of Burkina Faso]] stated in its most recent census (2008) that 60.5 of the population practice Islam, and that the majority of this group belong to the [[Sunni]] branch,<ref name=RGPH2006/><ref name=report2010/> while a small minority adheres to the [[Shi'a]] branch. A significant number of Sunni Muslims identify with the [[Tijaniyah]] [[Sufi]] order. The Government has also estimated that some 23.2 are Christians (16% being Roman Catholics and 3.2% members of various Protestant denominations), 15.3% follow [[African traditional religion|Traditional indigenous beliefs]] such as the [[Dogon religion]], 0.6% have other religions, and 0.4% have none (atheism is virtually nonexistent).<ref name=RGPH2006/><ref name=report2010/>
+Statistics on religion in [[Burkina Faso]] are inexact, because [[Islam]] and [[Christianity]] are often practiced in tandem with [[African traditional religion]]s. The [[Government of Burkina Faso]] stated in its most recent census (2019) that 63.8% of the population practice Islam, and that the majority of this group belong to the [[Sunni]] branch,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=report2010/> while a small minority adheres to the [[Shi'a]] branch. A significant number of Sunni Muslims identify with the [[Tijaniyah]] [[Sufi]] order. The Government has also estimated that some 26.3% are Christians (20.1% being Roman Catholics and 6.2% members of various Protestant denominations), 9.0% follow [[African traditional religion|Traditional indigenous beliefs]] such as the [[Dogon religion]], 0.2% have other religions, and 0.7% have none (atheism is virtually nonexistent).<ref name=RGPH2006/><ref name=report2010/><ref name=":0" />
-Statistics on religious affiliation are approximate because [[Syncretism]], incorporating traditional indigenous beliefs and practices, is widespread among both Christians and Muslims.<ref name=report2010/> The majority of citizens practice traditional indigenous religious beliefs to varying degrees, and strict adherence to Christian and Muslim beliefs is often nominal.<ref name=report2010/> Almost all citizens are believers, and [[atheism]] is virtually nonexistent. One 2015 study estimates some 200,000 Christian believers from a Muslim background in the country, though not all are citizens.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Johnstone |first1=Patrick |last2=Miller |first2=Duane A |title=Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census |journal=IJRR |date=2015 |volume=11 |page=14 |url=https://www.academia.edu/16338087/Believers_in_Christ_from_a_Muslim_Background_A_Global_Census |access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR256/FR256.pdf |format=PDF |title=Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples (EDSBF-MICS IV) 2010 |date=April 2012}}</ref>
+Statistics on religious affiliation are approximate because [[Syncretism]], incorporating traditional indigenous beliefs and practices, is widespread among both Christians and Muslims.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/burkina-faso/ US State Dept 2022 report]</ref> The majority of citizens practice traditional indigenous religious beliefs to varying degrees, and strict adherence to Christian and Muslim beliefs is often nominal.<ref name=report2010/> Almost all citizens are believers, and [[atheism]] is virtually nonexistent. One 2015 study estimates some 200,000 Christian believers from a Muslim background in the country, though not all are citizens.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Johnstone |first1=Patrick |last2=Miller |first2=Duane A |title=Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census |journal=IJRR |date=2015 |volume=11 |page=14 |url=https://www.academia.edu/16338087 |access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR256/FR256.pdf |title=Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples (EDSBF-MICS IV) 2010 |date=April 2012}}</ref>
-{| class="wikitable"
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
+|+Burkina Faso Official Census Data<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
+!Census Year
+!Muslims
+!Christians
+!''Catholics''
+!''Protestants''
+!Animists
+!Other / None
 |-
+|2006<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2016-09-06 |title=Burkina Faso: Preserving the Religious Balance |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/west-africa/burkina-faso/burkina-faso-preserving-religious-balance |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=www.crisisgroup.org |language=en}}</ref>
-! style="width:50pt;"| Year
+|'''60.5%'''
-! style="width:50pt;"| Islam
+|23.2%
-! style="width:50pt;"| Catholics
+|''19.0%''
-! style="width:50pt;"| Protestant
+|''4.2%''
-! style="width:50pt;"| Traditional/Animist
+|15.3%
-! style="width:50pt;"| Other
+|1.0%
-! style="width:50pt;"| Without religion
 |-
+|2019<ref name=":0" />
-| 2017 (Census)
+|'''63.8%'''
-| style="text-align:right;"| 60%
+|26.3%
-| style="text-align:right;"| 19%
+|''20.1%''
-| style="text-align:right;"| 4.2%
+|''6.2%''
-| style="text-align:right;"| 13.3%
+|9.0%
-| style="text-align:right;"| 1.1% (including Irreligious)
+|0.9%
-| style="text-align:right;"|
-|-
-| 2019 (DHS estimates)
-| style="text-align:right;"| 60%
-| style="text-align:right;"| 19%
-| style="text-align:right;"| 4.2%
-| style="text-align:right;"| 5%
-| style="text-align:right;"| 1%
-| style="text-align:right;"| 0.4%
 |-
+|''Growth''
+|''3.3%''
+|''3.1%''
+|''1.1%''
+|''2.0%''
+|''-6.3%''
+|''-0.1%''
 |}
 ==Geography==
-Muslims reside largely around the northern, eastern, and western borders, while Christians live in the center of the country.<ref name=report2010/> People practice traditional indigenous religious beliefs throughout the country, especially in rural communities.<ref name=report2010/> [[Ouagadougou]], the capital, has a mixed Muslim and Christian population; however, [[Bobo-Dioulasso]], the country's second-largest city, is mostly Muslim.<ref name=report2010/> Small [[Syrian]] and [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]] immigrant communities reside in the two largest cities, and are overwhelmingly (more than 90 percent) Christian.<ref name=report2010/>
+Muslims reside largely around the northern, eastern, and western borders, while Christians live in the center of the country. People practice traditional indigenous religious beliefs throughout the country, especially in rural communities.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Burkina Faso |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/burkina-faso/ |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> The region with the largest Animist population is [[Sud-Ouest Region (Burkina Faso)|Sud-Ouest]] at 48.1%.<ref name=":0" /> [[Ouagadougou]], the capital, has a mixed Muslim and Christian population;<ref name=":1" /> however, [[Bobo-Dioulasso]], the country's second-largest city, is mostly Muslim. In 2010, small [[Syrian]] and [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]] immigrant communities resided in the two largest cities, and were overwhelmingly (more than 90 percent) Christian.<ref name=report2010/>
 ==Ethnicity==
-There are more than 60 different [[Demography of Burkina Faso|ethnicities in the country]].<ref name=report2010/> Most ethnic groups are religiously heterogeneous, although the [[Fula people|Fula]] and [[Dyula people|Dioula]] communities are majority-Muslim.<ref name=report2010/>
+In 2010, there were more than 60 different [[Demography of Burkina Faso|ethnicities in the country]].<ref name=report2010/> Most ethnic groups are religiously heterogeneous, although the [[Fula people|Fula]] are almost entirely Muslim.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/burkina-faso/ US State Dept 2022 report]</ref>
+==Freedom of religion==
+In 2023, [[Open Doors]] ranked Burkina Faso as the 23rd worst country to be a Christian.<ref>[https://www.opendoorsuk.org/persecution/world-watch-list/burkina-faso/ Open Doors website, Retrieved 2023-08-01]</ref> It also scored 3 out of 4 for religious freedom.<ref>[https://freedomhouse.org/country/burkina-faso/freedom-world/2023 Freedom House website, Retrieved 2023-08-01]</ref>
 ==See also==
 * [[Islam in Burkina Faso]]
+* [[Christianity in Burkina Faso]]
 * [[Roman Catholicism in Burkina Faso]]
 * [[Freedom of religion in Burkina Faso]]

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