Agreste: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Geographical zone of Brazil}} |
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[[Image:Pedra do Cordeiro 3.jpg|thumb|Agreste.]] |
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{{other uses}} |
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In [[Brazil]], the '''agreste''' is a narrow zone in the states of [[Paraíba]], [[Pernambuco]], [[Alagoas]], [[Sergipe]] and [[Bahia]] between the coastal ''zona da mata'' (forest zone) and the semiarid [[sertão]]. The agreste actually fades out before [[Rio Grande Do Norte]] is reached owing to the breakdown of the mountain chain that gives the coastal [[Zona da Mata (coastal)|Atlantic forest zone]] high rainfall. |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> |
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| name = Agreste |
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| official_name = |
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| native_name = <!-- if different from the English name --> |
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| native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> |
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| other_name = |
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| settlement_type = |
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<!-- transliteration(s) --------> |
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| translit_lang1 = |
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| translit_lang1_type = |
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| translit_lang1_info = |
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| translit_lang1_type1 = |
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| translit_lang1_info1 = |
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| translit_lang1_type2 = |
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| translit_lang1_info2 = <!-- etc., up to translit_lang1_type6 / translit_lang1_info6 --> |
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| translit_lang2 = |
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| translit_lang2_type = |
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| translit_lang2_info = |
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| translit_lang2_type1 = |
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| translit_lang2_info1 = |
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| translit_lang2_type2 = |
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| translit_lang2_info2 = <!-- etc., up to translit_lang2_type6 / translit_lang2_info6 --> |
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<!-- images, nickname, motto ---> |
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| image_skyline = Pedra do Cordeiro 3.jpg |
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| imagesize = |
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| image_alt = |
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| image_caption = Pedra do Cordeiro in the Agreste |
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| image = <!-- other image (specify File: or Image: namespace) --> |
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| image_flag = |
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| flag_size = |
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| flag_alt = |
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| flag_border = |
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| flag_link = |
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| image_seal = |
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| seal_size = |
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| seal_alt = |
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| seal_link = |
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| image_shield = |
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| shield_size = |
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| shield_alt = |
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| shield_link = |
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| image_blank_emblem = |
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| blank_emblem_type = <!-- defaults to Logo --> |
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| blank_emblem_size = |
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| blank_emblem_alt = |
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| blank_emblem_link = |
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| nickname = |
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| motto = |
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| anthem = |
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<!-- maps and coordinates ------> |
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| image_map = Brazil Region Nordeste Subregions.svg |
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| mapsize = |
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| map_alt = |
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| map_caption = The Subregions of Northeast Brazil<br/><span style="color:#738547;">'''1''' •</span> [[Meio-norte]], <span style="color:#983117;">'''2''' •</span> [[Sertão]], <span style="color:#7F4E80;">'''3''' •</span> '''Agreste''', <span style="color:#C69A00;">'''4''' •</span> [[Zona da Mata]] |
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| image_map1 = |
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| mapsize1 = |
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| map_alt1 = |
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| map_caption1 = |
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| image_dot_map = |
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| dot_mapsize = |
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| dot_map_base_alt = |
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| dot_map_alt = |
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| dot_map_caption = |
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| dot_x = |dot_y = |
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| pushpin_map = |
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| pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |
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| pushpin_label = |
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| pushpin_map_alt = |
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| pushpin_mapsize = |
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| pushpin_map_caption = |
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| pushpin_map1 = |
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| pushpin_label_position1 = |
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| pushpin_label1 = <!-- only necessary if "name" or "official_name" are too long --> |
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| pushpin_map_alt1 = |
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| pushpin_mapsize1 = |
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| pushpin_map_caption1 = |
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<!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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<!-- location ------------------> |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = [[Brazil]] |
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| subdivision_type1 = |
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| subdivision_name1 = |
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| subdivision_type2 = |
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| subdivision_name2 = <!-- etc., subdivision_type6 / subdivision_name6 --> |
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<!-- established ---------------> |
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| established_title = <!-- Settled --> |
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| established_date = |
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| established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |
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| established_date1 = |
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| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |
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| established_date2 = |
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| established_title3 = |
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| established_date3 = |
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| extinct_title = |
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| extinct_date = |
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| founder = |
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| named_for = |
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<!-- seat, smaller parts -------> |
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| seat_type = <!-- defaults to: Seat --> |
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| seat = |
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| seat1_type = <!-- defaults to: Former seat --> |
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| seat1 = |
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| parts_type = <!-- defaults to: Boroughs --> |
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| parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) --> |
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| parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> |
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| p1 = |
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| p2 = <!-- etc., up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--> |
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<!-- government type, leaders --> |
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| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| government_type = |
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| governing_body = |
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| leader_party = |
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| leader_title = |
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| leader_name = <!-- add (no-break space) to disable automatic links --> |
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| leader_title1 = |
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| leader_name1 = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 --> |
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<!-- display settings ---------> |
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| total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |
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| unit_pref = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric --> |
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<!-- area ----------------------> |
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| area_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> |
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| dunam_link = <!-- If dunams are used, this specifies which dunam to link. --> |
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| area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> |
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| area_total_sq_mi = <!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details --> |
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| area_total_ha = |
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| area_total_acre = |
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| area_total_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> |
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| area_land_km2 = |
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| area_land_sq_mi = |
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| area_land_ha = |
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| area_land_acre = |
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| area_land_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> |
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| area_water_km2 = |
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| area_water_sq_mi = |
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| area_water_ha = |
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| area_water_acre = |
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| area_water_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> |
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| area_water_percent = |
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| area_urban_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| area_urban_km2 = |
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| area_urban_sq_mi = |
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| area_urban_ha = |
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| area_urban_acre = |
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| area_urban_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> |
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| area_rural_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| area_rural_km2 = |
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| area_rural_sq_mi = |
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| area_rural_ha = |
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| area_rural_acre = |
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| area_rural_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> |
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| area_metro_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| area_metro_km2 = |
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| area_metro_sq_mi = |
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| area_metro_ha = |
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| area_metro_acre = |
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| area_metro_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> |
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| area_rank = |
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| area_blank1_title = |
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| area_blank1_km2 = |
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| area_blank1_sq_mi = |
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| area_blank1_ha = |
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| area_blank1_acre = |
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| area_blank1_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> |
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| area_blank2_title = |
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| area_blank2_km2 = |
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| area_blank2_sq_mi = |
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| area_blank2_ha = |
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| area_blank2_acre = |
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| area_blank2_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> |
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| area_note = |
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<!-- dimensions -----------------> |
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| dimensions_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| length_km = |
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| length_mi = |
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| width_km = |
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| width_mi = |
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<!-- elevation -----------------> |
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| elevation_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| elevation_m = |
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| elevation_ft = |
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| elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| elevation_max_m = |
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| elevation_max_ft = |
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| elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| elevation_min_m = |
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| elevation_min_ft = |
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<!-- population ----------------> |
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| population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| population_total = |
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| population_as_of = |
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| population_rank = |
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| population_density_km2 = <!-- for automatic calculation of any density field, use: auto --> |
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| population_density_sq_mi= |
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| population_est = |
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| pop_est_as_of = |
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| population_urban_footnotes = |
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| population_urban = |
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| population_density_urban_km2 = |
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| population_density_urban_sq_mi = |
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| population_rural_footnotes = |
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| population_rural = |
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| population_density_rural_km2 = |
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| population_density_rural_sq_mi = |
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| population_metro_footnotes = |
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| population_metro = |
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| population_density_metro_km2 = |
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| population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
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| population_density = |
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| population_density_rank = |
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| population_blank1_title = |
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| population_blank1 = |
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| population_density_blank1_km2 = |
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| population_density_blank1_sq_mi= |
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| population_blank2_title = |
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| population_blank2 = |
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| population_density_blank2_km2 = |
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| population_density_blank2_sq_mi= |
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| population_demonym = <!-- demonym, e.g. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool --> |
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| population_note = |
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<!-- demographics (section 1) --> |
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| demographics_type1 = |
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| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| demographics1_title1 = |
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| demographics1_info1 = <!-- etc., up to demographics1_title5 / demographics1_info5 --> |
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<!-- demographics (section 2) --> |
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| demographics_type2 = |
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| demographics2_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| demographics2_title1 = |
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| demographics2_info1 = <!-- etc., up to demographics2_title5 / demographics2_info5 --> |
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<!-- time zone(s) --------------> |
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| timezone1 = |
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| utc_offset1 = |
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| timezone1_DST = |
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| utc_offset1_DST = |
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| timezone2 = |
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| utc_offset2 = |
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| timezone2_DST = |
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| utc_offset2_DST = |
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<!-- postal codes, area code ---> |
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| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |
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| postal_code = |
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| postal2_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |
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| postal2_code = |
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| area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --> |
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| area_code = |
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| geocode = |
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| iso_code = |
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| registration_plate = |
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<!-- twin cities ---------------> |
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| twin1 = |
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| twin1_country = |
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| twin2 = |
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| twin2_country = <!-- etc., up to twin9 / twin9_country --> |
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<!-- blank fields (section 1) --> |
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| blank_name_sec1 = |
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| blank_info_sec1 = |
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| blank1_name_sec1 = |
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| blank1_info_sec1 = |
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| blank2_name_sec1 = |
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| blank2_info_sec1 = <!-- etc., up to blank7_name_sec1 / blank7_info_sec1 --> |
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<!-- blank fields (section 2) --> |
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| blank_name_sec2 = |
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| blank_info_sec2 = |
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| blank1_name_sec2 = |
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| blank1_info_sec2 = |
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| blank2_name_sec2 = |
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| blank2_info_sec2 = <!-- etc., up to blank7_name_sec2 / blank7_info_sec2 --> |
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<!-- website, footnotes --------> |
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| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
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The '''agreste''' ({{IPA-pt|aˈɡɾɛstʃi}}, "countryside") is a narrow zone of Brazil in the [[states of Brazil|state]]s of [[Rio Grande do Norte]], [[Paraíba]], [[Pernambuco]], [[Alagoas]], [[Sergipe]] and [[Bahia]] between the coastal forest ''[[Zona da Mata (coastal)|zona da mata]]'' and the semiarid ''[[sertão]]''. The agreste fades out after it reaches [[Rio Grande do Norte]] due to the break of the mountain-chain that blocks air currents from the Atlantic ocean. This barrier is what induces high rainfalls in the coastal [[Zona da Mata (coastal)|Atlantic forest zone]]. |
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Most of the agreste is hilly, |
Most of the agreste is hilly, its hills becoming higher at south, except near the narrow valley of São Francisco River. This land is mostly used for [[mixed farming]], prevailing fruits, of which melons have especial importance. Like the sertão, the agreste is frequently affected by drought, though generally with less severe effects. Only some highland regions mostly in [[Pernambuco]], where cities like [[Garanhuns]] and [[Triunfo,_Pernambuco|Triunfo]] are located, are able to reach temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius for a part of the year, usually coinciding with the south-American winter. |
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==Climate== |
==Climate== |
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The climate is hot and sub-humid, with rainfall in the area's principal city of [[Campina Grande]] averaging about 700 millimetres per year - ranging from less |
The climate is hot and sub-humid, with rainfall in the area's principal city of [[Campina Grande]] averaging about 700 millimetres per year - ranging from less than 10 millimetres in October and November to about 120 millimetres in May and June. |
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{{climate chart|Campina Grande |
{{climate chart|Campina Grande |
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|20|30|27 |
|20|30|27 |
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| Line 37: | Line 312: | ||
|source=<ref>Wernstadt, Frederick L. ; ''World Climatic Data''; published 1972 by Climatic Data Press; p. 100.</ref> |
|source=<ref>Wernstadt, Frederick L. ; ''World Climatic Data''; published 1972 by Climatic Data Press; p. 100.</ref> |
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|float=left|clear=none}}{{clear}} |
|float=left|clear=none}}{{clear}} |
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==Notes== |
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<references/> |
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==See also== |
== See also == |
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*[[History of Brazil]] |
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*[[Brazilian literature]] |
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*[[Drought]] |
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*[[Brazil Socio-Geographic Division]] |
*[[Brazil Socio-Geographic Division]] |
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*[[ |
*[[Sertão]] |
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*[[Droughts]] |
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*[[Tieta do Agreste]], a Brazilian novel and film |
*[[Tieta do Agreste]], a Brazilian novel and film |
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*[[Caatinga]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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'''Nonfiction''' |
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*Michael H. Glantz; ''Currents of Change : El Niño's Impact on Climate and Society''; published 1996 by Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-57659-8}} |
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*Michael H. Glantz (editor); ''Drought Follows The Plow: Cultivating Marginal Areas''; published 1994 by Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-44252-4}} |
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*Fagan, Brian; ''Floods, Famines, and Emperors: El Niño and the Fate of Civilizations''; published 2000 by Basic Books. {{ISBN|0-465-01121-7}} |
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*Nicholas G. Arons; ''Waiting for Rain: The Politics and Poetry of Drought in Northeast Brazil''; published 2004 by University of Arizona Press. {{ISBN|0-8165-2433-5}} |
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*[[Euclides da Cunha]], [[Os Sertões|''Rebellion in the Backlands'']] |
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'''Fiction''' |
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[[Category:Geography of Brazil|Agreste]] |
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*[[Graciliano Ramos]], ''[[Vidas Secas]]'' ("Barren Lives"), novel |
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[[Category:Climate|Agreste]] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[es:Agreste]] |
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[[Category:Brazilian literature]] |
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[[he:אגרסטה]] |
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[[Category:Northeast Region, Brazil]] |
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[[pt:Agreste]] |
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[[Category:Climate of Brazil]] |
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[[Category:Droughts]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:55, 4 February 2024
Agreste | |
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 Pedra do Cordeiro in the Agreste | |
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| Country | Brazil |
The agreste (Portuguese pronunciation: [aˈɡɾɛstʃi], "countryside") is a narrow zone of Brazil in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia between the coastal forest zona da mata and the semiarid sertão. The agreste fades out after it reaches Rio Grande do Norte due to the break of the mountain-chain that blocks air currents from the Atlantic ocean. This barrier is what induces high rainfalls in the coastal Atlantic forest zone.
Most of the agreste is hilly, its hills becoming higher at south, except near the narrow valley of São Francisco River. This land is mostly used for mixed farming, prevailing fruits, of which melons have especial importance. Like the sertão, the agreste is frequently affected by drought, though generally with less severe effects. Only some highland regions mostly in Pernambuco, where cities like Garanhuns and Triunfo are located, are able to reach temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius for a part of the year, usually coinciding with the south-American winter.
Climate[edit]
The climate is hot and sub-humid, with rainfall in the area's principal city of Campina Grande averaging about 700 millimetres per year - ranging from less than 10 millimetres in October and November to about 120 millimetres in May and June.
| Campina Grande | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Guarabira | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also[edit]
- History of Brazil
- Brazilian literature
- Drought
- Brazil Socio-Geographic Division
- Sertão
- Droughts
- Tieta do Agreste, a Brazilian novel and film
- Caatinga
References[edit]
Nonfiction
- Michael H. Glantz; Currents of Change : El Niño's Impact on Climate and Society; published 1996 by Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57659-8
- Michael H. Glantz (editor); Drought Follows The Plow: Cultivating Marginal Areas; published 1994 by Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44252-4
- Fagan, Brian; Floods, Famines, and Emperors: El Niño and the Fate of Civilizations; published 2000 by Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-01121-7
- Nicholas G. Arons; Waiting for Rain: The Politics and Poetry of Drought in Northeast Brazil; published 2004 by University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0-8165-2433-5
- Euclides da Cunha, Rebellion in the Backlands
Fiction
- Graciliano Ramos, Vidas Secas ("Barren Lives"), novel