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{{Short description|Domestic and international radio service of Israel}}
'''''Kol Yisrael''''' ("The Voice of Israel") is the name of [[Israel]]'s [[public broadcasting|public]] domestic and [[international broadcasting|international radio]] service.
{{Other uses|Voice of Israel (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox radio network
| network_name = Kol Yisrael
| network_logo =
| image = IBA Radio Kol Israel Romema Jerusalem 2016 01.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Entrance to ''Kol Yisrael'' facilities in [[Romema]], Jerusalem (2016)
| country = Israel
| network_type = [[Public service broadcasting|Public-service]] [[Radio station|sound broadcasting]]
| broadcast_area = National; International
| radio_stations = [[#Broadcast channels|See list below]]
| launch_date = {{start date and age|1947|12}}
| headquarters =
| owner = {{ubl|[[Israel Broadcasting Authority]] (1965–2017)|[[Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation]] (2017–)}}
| key_people =
| website = {{URL|https://www.kan.org.il}}
| closed = {{End date and age|2017|5}}
| past_names = {{ubl|Telem-Shamir-Boaz|Kol HaHagana|Shidurei Yisrael}}
| webcast = [https://www.kan.org.il/radio/ List of streams]
| language = [[Hebrew]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Bukhori]], [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Maghrebi Arabic]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Amharic language|Amharic]], [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]], [[Judaeo-Spanish|Ladino]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], and [[Russian language|Russian]]
}}
{{Yiddish Journalism sidebar}}
'''''Kol Yisrael''''' or '''''Kol Israel''''' ({{Script/Hebrew|קול ישראל}} lit. "Voice of Israel", also "Israel Radio") was [[Israel]]'s [[public broadcasting|public]] domestic and [[international broadcasting|international radio]] service. It operated as a division of the Israel Broadcasting Service from 1951 to 1965, the [[Israel Broadcasting Authority]] from 1965 to 2017, and the radio stations it used to administer are currently administered by the [[Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation|Israeli Broadcasting Corporation]].


==History==
''Kol Yisrael'' began as a domestic service, however, inaugurated upon Israel's independence on [[May 14]] [[1948]] and was a department of the [[Ministry of the Interior]] responsible for both domestic and international broadcasts. Subsequently, responsibility for the service moved to the Office of Posts and Telegraphs and then to the [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]]'s office.
''Kol Yisrael'' was originally an underground [[Haganah]] radio station that broadcast from [[Tel Aviv]]. It started consistently broadcasting in December 1947 under the name ''Telem-Shamir-Boaz'', and was renamed to ''Kol HaHagana'' ("Voice of the Haganah") in March 1948. With Israel's [[Declaration of independence (Israel)|declaration of independence]] on May 14, 1948, it was transformed into the official station ''Kol Yisrael''. Another station named ''Kol Yisrael'' operated in [[Haifa]], and was renamed ''Kol Tzva HaHagana'' ("Voice of the Defense Force").<ref>{{cite book|author=Bar-On, Mordechai|year=2001|title=The Beginning of the Israeli Historiography of the 1948 War|publisher=Ministry of Defense Publishing|isbn=965-05-1126-1}}</ref>


The first ''Kol Yisrael'' transmission was a live broadcast from [[Tel Aviv]] of [[David Ben-Gurion]] reading Israel's Declaration of Independence.
The first ''Kol Yisrael'' transmission was a live broadcast from [[Tel Aviv]] of [[David Ben-Gurion]] reading of the declaration of independence. It was operated by a department of the [[Ministry of the Interior]] responsible for domestic and international broadcasts. Responsibility for the service was later transferred to the Office of Posts and Telegraphs and then to the [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]]'s Office.


The station inherited the facilities of the former [[Palestine Broadcasting Service]] which had been founded as the official broadcaster of the [[Mandate of Palestine]] in [[1936]]. ''Kol Yisrael'''s staff was made up both of former PBS personnel as well as former staffers at the [[underground resistance|underground]] radio stations run by the [[Haganah]].
The station inherited the facilities of the former [[Palestine Broadcasting Service]], which had been founded as the official broadcaster of the [[Mandatory Palestine|Mandate of Palestine]] in 1936, and had run the ''[[Kol Yerushalayim]]'' radio station. ''Kol Yisrael'' staff was made up of both former PBS personnel and former staffers at the Haganah underground radio stations.


''Kol Yisrael'' pioneered the use of [[FM]] transmission. In the early years, stations were operated in [[Jerusalem]], [[Tel Aviv]] and [[Haifa]] [http://www.israelradio.org/history/1949.html]. The PBS had had its transmitter in [[Ramallah]] but this was lost to Kol Israel due to Ramallah being in the Arab sector and under [[Jordan]]ian governance.
''Kol Yisrael'' pioneered the use of [[Frequency modulation|FM]] transmission. In the early years, stations were operated in [[Jerusalem]], Tel Aviv, and Haifa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.israelradio.org/history/1949.html|title=October 1949 |website=Israel Radio |access-date=2005-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516020341/http://www.israelradio.org/history/1949.html|archive-date=2006-05-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> The PBS had had its transmitter in [[Ramallah]], but this transmitter was lost to Kol Yisrael due to Ramallah being in the Arab sector.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wigoder |first1=Geoffrey |title=Radio in Israel |journal=International Communications Gazette |date=February 1961 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=129–136 |doi=10.1177/001654926100700116 |s2cid=144767473 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001654926100700116 |access-date=10 August 2022}}, p. 129.</ref>


In March [[1950]], international broadcasting was begun under the name ''Kol Zion La Golah'' ("The Voice of Zion to the Diaspora"). The broadcasts were produced at ''Kol Yisrael'' by the [[World Zionist Organization]] in cooperation with the [[Jewish Agency]]. In [[1958]], the international service was merged with the domestic broadcaster with both services operating under the ''Kol Israel'' name.
In March 1950, international broadcasting began under the name ''Kol Zion La Golah'' ("The Voice of Zion to the Diaspora.") The broadcasts were produced at ''Kol Yisrael'' by the [[World Zionist Organization]] in cooperation with the [[Jewish Agency]], and aimed to foster communication between the Israeli state and the [[Jewish diaspora]]. The service broadcast readings from the [[Torah]] alongside documentary programs on life in Israel. In 1958, the international service was merged with the domestic broadcaster, with both services operating under the ''Kol Yisrael'' name.<ref>Wigoder 1961, p. 134.</ref>


Between 1958 and 1965, the "Kol Yisrael" international services expanded rapidly, inaugurating new [[Shortwave radio|shortwave]] services in [[Afrikaans]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], and [[Yiddish]].<ref>Wigoder 1961, p. 135.</ref> Between 1960 and 1963, the service also broadcast daily programs in English, French and [[Swahili language|Swahili]] for African audiences and began distributing tapes for rebroadcasting across the continent.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=White |first1=Alex |title=Broadcasting Brotherhood? Interactive Diplomacy and Postcolonial Identity in Kol Yisrael' s African Services, 1960-1966 |journal=The International History Review |date=4 March 2022 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=373–392 |doi=10.1080/07075332.2021.1950807 |s2cid=237682967 |doi-access=free }}, pp. 376, 377.</ref> This appeal to international audiences was closely tied to Israel's [[Alliance of the periphery|Periphery doctrine]], which sought to align Israel with states on the fringes of the Middle East to avoid 'encirclement' by the Arab states and counteract international support for [[Palestinian nationalism]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Alpher |first1=Joseph |title=Periphery : Israel's search for Middle East allies |date=2015 |location=Lanham, Maryland |isbn=978-1-4422-3101-6}}, pp. xviii, 3, 11.</ref> Programs on the international services ranged from news and commentary programs to competitions, documentaries and readings from the [[Bible]] and [[Quran]].<ref>White 2022, pp. 374, 381, 385.</ref> However, the technical quality of the international services was often poor beyond Israel's immediate neighbors in the Middle East.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gidron |first1=Yotam |title=Israel in Africa : security, migration, interstate politics |date=2020 |location=London |isbn=9781786995025}}, p. 40.</ref>
In [[1965]], the [[Israel Broadcasting Authority]], an independent public entity, was created and took over responsibility for ''Kol Yisrael'' from the Prime Minister's office. In [[1973]], the IBA adopted the name ''Shidurei Yisrael'' (Israel Broadcasting) for the service's domestic radio and television services. The name ''Kol Yisrael'' was revived for the domestic and international radio service in [[1979]].


In 1965, the [[Israel Broadcasting Authority]], an independent public entity, was created and took over responsibility for ''Kol Yisrael'' from the Prime Minister's Office. In 1973, the IBA adopted the name ''Shidurei Yisrael'' ("Israel Broadcasting") for the service's domestic radio and television services. The name ''Kol Yisrael'' was revived for the domestic and international radio service in 1979.
A previous station named ''Kol Yisrael'' had briefly been operated by the [[Haganah]] in [[1940]] on the 42 metre band. However, the station was soon renamed when the Haganah decided that the ''Kol Yisrael'' name should be reseved until independence.


''Kol Yisrael'''s shortwave services have gradually been discontinued over time. The last remaining shortwave service, the Persian programme for Iran, ceased transmissions on June 30 2013. However, Israel continues to broadcast international services in fourteen languages under the label of [[Israel Radio International]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}
''Kol Yisrael'''s channels include:


==Name: meaning and significance==
*''Kol Yisrael'' Israel Radio International – Broadcasting internationally in [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Bukhori]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Russian language|Russian]]. The full schedule of Reshet Beit is also broadcast 24 hours a day on [[shortwave]] for Hebrew listeners abroad. Much of ''Reka'''s schedule is also broadcast internationally.
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2023}}
A previous station named ''Kol Yisrael'' had briefly been operated by the Haganah in 1940 on the 42-meter band. However, the station was soon renamed when the Haganah decided that the ''Kol Yisrael'' name should be reserved until independence.


Besides meaning "voice of Israel", ''Kol Yisrael'' is also a wordplay which in Hebrew [[homophone|sounds like]] the phrase "all of Israel" (although spelled differently), known to many Jews as part of the [[Talmud]]ic expression {{Lang|he|כל ישראל ערבים זה בזה}} ({{Transliteration|he|kol Yisra'el arevim ze ba'ze}}, roughly translated "all of Israel are responsible for one another").
*''Reshet Alef'' ("Network A") also referred to as ''Kol Yisrael'' – General talk and cultural programming, plus news in English at 0700 and 1700 [[UTC]]
*''Reshet Beit'' ("Network B") – Popular radio station
*''Reshet Gimel'' ("Network C") – Radio station devoted for promoting [[Israeli music]]
*''Reshet Dalet'' ("Network D") – Radio station in [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
*''REQA'' (Absorption & Immigration radio) – Radio for immigrants to Israel. Broadcast in 13 languages (mostly Russian). Formerly known as ''Kol zion la'gola'' ("Voice of Israel abroad") and ''Reshet hey'' ("Network E")
*[[88 FM]] – International pop music
*''Kol ha-musika'' ("The Sound of Music") – [[european classical music|Classical music]]
*''Reshet Moreshet'' ("The Heritage Network") – Religious broadcasting


An [[internet radio]] station was launched in 2014 and operated through 2015 under the name of "[[Voice of Israel]]". This station is not connected to the official ''Kol Yisrael'' run by [[Israel Radio International]].
Most of ''Kol Israel's'' stations are also available worldwide through [[streaming audio]] over the [[Internet]] (both both live broadcasts as well archived programs are available to listeners).

==Broadcast channels==
[[Image:Israel Radio Persian.JPG|thumb|200px|Israel Radio Persian-language broadcasting]]
Current ''Kol Yisrael'' channels include:

*''Kan Tarbut'' ("The Culture Network"), also referred to as ''Kol Yisrael'' – General talk and cultural programming.
*''Kan Bet'' ("Network B") – Popular radio station with news and current affairs programming, as well as sports coverage. There are news bulletins on the hour in Hebrew.
*''Kan Gimel'' ("Network C") – Radio station devoted for promoting [[Israeli music]]. There are news bulletins in Hebrew at the same times as ''Kan Bet''.
*''Makan'' ("Network D") – [[Arabic language|Arabic]]-language radio station also known as ''Sawt Isra'eel'' (in {{Lang-ar|صوت إسرائيل|lit=Voice of Israel}})
*''Kan REKA'' (Acronym of ''REshet Klitat Aliya''" - ''lit.'' "Immigrant absorption network") – Radio for ''olim'' (immigrants) to Israel. Broadcasts in 14 languages, including English at 0430, 1030, 1830 UTC (+1 hr during the Summer).
*[[Israel Radio International]] – International broadcasts in 14 languages: [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Bukhori]], [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Maghrebi Arabic]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Amharic language|Amharic]], [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]], [[Judaeo-Spanish|Ladino]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], and [[Russian language|Russian]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intkolisrael.com/|title=On Demand - Latest Broadcasts|date=2012-05-03|website=Kol Israel International|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503234705/http://www.intkolisrael.com/|archive-date=2012-05-03|url-status=dead|access-date=2012-05-03}}</ref> The international services are currently only available via online streaming and rebroadcasts through the domestic REKA network.
*''Kan 88'' – "High Quality" music (their terminology). Jazz, blues, electronic music and more, plus traffic news
*''Kan Kol Ha Musica'' ("The Voice of Music") – [[European classical music|Classical music]] and drama.
*''Kan Moreshet'' ("The Heritage Network") – Religious broadcasting on ''Kan Tarbut'''s network.

There are also educational stations broadcasting via low-power transmitters from colleges and universities across Israel under the collective banner of ''Tachana Chinuchit''.

All of ''Kol Israel''{{'}}s stations are available worldwide through [[streaming audio]] over the Internet. Live broadcasts as well as archived programs are available to listeners.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:מיקרופון קול ישראל באולפנים ליד שרונה 2.jpg|Broadcaster microphone in ''Kol Yisrael'' studios near [[Sarona (colony)|Sarona]]
File:Rashut Hashidur20161014 121224 43.jpg|"Reshet Gimel" studio commemorating [[Ehud Manor]]
File:שידור התוכנית סידורים לשבת עם ליאת רגב.jpg|Live show in ''Kol Yisrael'' Studios
File:חדר פיקוח טכני במתחם רשות השידור ליד שרונה.jpg|Control and Monitoring room in ''Kol Yisrael'' facilities in Tel Aviv
File:Rashut Hashidur20161014 121224 33.jpg|''Kol Yisrael'' Studio
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[IBA News]]
*[[Israel Broadcasting Authority]]
*[[Israel Radio International]], the official radio service for immigrants and for listeners outside Israel
*''[[Kol Yerushalayim]]'', the Hebrew program of ''Jerusalem Calling'', the radio station of the British Mandatory Authority
*[[Media of Israel]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Mann, Izi (2008). ''This is the Voice of Israel broadcasting from Jerusalem...: A Nation Behind the Microphone''. Israel Broadcasting Authority. (in Hebrew)


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://kolisrael.iba.org.il Official site] (mostly in Hebrew)
*[https://www.kan.org.il Official site] {{in lang|he}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100106175322/http://www.iba.org.il/reception/ Frequencies to receive Kol Israel networks]


{{Israel Broadcasting Authority}}
[[Category:International broadcasting]]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Publicly-funded broadcasters]]
[[Category:Radio networks]]


[[Category:Publicly funded broadcasters]]
[[de:Kol Israel]
[[Category:Defunct radio networks]]
[[fr:Kol Israel]]]
[[Category:Radio stations in Israel]]
[[he:קול ישראל]]
[[Category:International broadcasters]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1947]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in Mandatory Palestine]]
[[Category:Israel Broadcasting Authority]]
[[Category:2017 disestablishments in Israel]]
[[Category:Radio stations disestablished in 2017]]

Latest revision as of 23:13, 5 February 2024

For other uses, see Voice of Israel (disambiguation).
Kol Yisrael
Entrance to Kol Yisrael facilities in Romema, Jerusalem (2016)
TypePublic-service sound broadcasting
Country
Israel
Broadcast area
National; International
Programming
Language(s)Hebrew, English, French, Persian, Bukhori, Yiddish, Spanish, Maghrebi Arabic, Georgian, Amharic, Tigrinya, Ladino, Hungarian, Romanian, and Russian
Ownership
Owner
History
Launch dateDecember 1947; 76 years ago (1947-12)
ClosedMay 2017; 7 years ago (2017-05)
Former names
  • Telem-Shamir-Boaz
  • Kol HaHagana
  • Shidurei Yisrael
Coverage
StationsSee list below
Links
WebcastList of streams
Websitewww.kan.org.il
Part of a series on
Yiddish journalism
Weekly newspapers:
List of Yiddish newspapers
and periodicals
Monthly web newspapers:
Magazines
Hotline broadcasting
Radio programs
Defunct

Kol Yisrael or Kol Israel (קול ישראל‎ lit. "Voice of Israel", also "Israel Radio") was Israel's public domestic and international radio service. It operated as a division of the Israel Broadcasting Service from 1951 to 1965, the Israel Broadcasting Authority from 1965 to 2017, and the radio stations it used to administer are currently administered by the Israeli Broadcasting Corporation.

History[edit]

Kol Yisrael was originally an underground Haganah radio station that broadcast from Tel Aviv. It started consistently broadcasting in December 1947 under the name Telem-Shamir-Boaz, and was renamed to Kol HaHagana ("Voice of the Haganah") in March 1948. With Israel's declaration of independence on May 14, 1948, it was transformed into the official station Kol Yisrael. Another station named Kol Yisrael operated in Haifa, and was renamed Kol Tzva HaHagana ("Voice of the Defense Force").[1]

The first Kol Yisrael transmission was a live broadcast from Tel Aviv of David Ben-Gurion reading of the declaration of independence. It was operated by a department of the Ministry of the Interior responsible for domestic and international broadcasts. Responsibility for the service was later transferred to the Office of Posts and Telegraphs and then to the Prime Minister's Office.

The station inherited the facilities of the former Palestine Broadcasting Service, which had been founded as the official broadcaster of the Mandate of Palestine in 1936, and had run the Kol Yerushalayim radio station. Kol Yisrael staff was made up of both former PBS personnel and former staffers at the Haganah underground radio stations.

Kol Yisrael pioneered the use of FM transmission. In the early years, stations were operated in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, and Haifa.[2] The PBS had had its transmitter in Ramallah, but this transmitter was lost to Kol Yisrael due to Ramallah being in the Arab sector.[3]

In March 1950, international broadcasting began under the name Kol Zion La Golah ("The Voice of Zion to the Diaspora.") The broadcasts were produced at Kol Yisrael by the World Zionist Organization in cooperation with the Jewish Agency, and aimed to foster communication between the Israeli state and the Jewish diaspora. The service broadcast readings from the Torah alongside documentary programs on life in Israel. In 1958, the international service was merged with the domestic broadcaster, with both services operating under the Kol Yisrael name.[4]

Between 1958 and 1965, the "Kol Yisrael" international services expanded rapidly, inaugurating new shortwave services in Afrikaans, English, French, Hungarian, Italian, Persian, Romanian, and Yiddish.[5] Between 1960 and 1963, the service also broadcast daily programs in English, French and Swahili for African audiences and began distributing tapes for rebroadcasting across the continent.[6] This appeal to international audiences was closely tied to Israel's Periphery doctrine, which sought to align Israel with states on the fringes of the Middle East to avoid 'encirclement' by the Arab states and counteract international support for Palestinian nationalism.[7] Programs on the international services ranged from news and commentary programs to competitions, documentaries and readings from the Bible and Quran.[8] However, the technical quality of the international services was often poor beyond Israel's immediate neighbors in the Middle East.[9]

In 1965, the Israel Broadcasting Authority, an independent public entity, was created and took over responsibility for Kol Yisrael from the Prime Minister's Office. In 1973, the IBA adopted the name Shidurei Yisrael ("Israel Broadcasting") for the service's domestic radio and television services. The name Kol Yisrael was revived for the domestic and international radio service in 1979.

Kol Yisrael's shortwave services have gradually been discontinued over time. The last remaining shortwave service, the Persian programme for Iran, ceased transmissions on June 30 2013. However, Israel continues to broadcast international services in fourteen languages under the label of Israel Radio International.[citation needed]

Name: meaning and significance[edit]

A previous station named Kol Yisrael had briefly been operated by the Haganah in 1940 on the 42-meter band. However, the station was soon renamed when the Haganah decided that the Kol Yisrael name should be reserved until independence.

Besides meaning "voice of Israel", Kol Yisrael is also a wordplay which in Hebrew sounds like the phrase "all of Israel" (although spelled differently), known to many Jews as part of the Talmudic expression כל ישראל ערבים זה בזה (kol Yisra'el arevim ze ba'ze, roughly translated "all of Israel are responsible for one another").

An internet radio station was launched in 2014 and operated through 2015 under the name of "Voice of Israel". This station is not connected to the official Kol Yisrael run by Israel Radio International.

Broadcast channels[edit]

Israel Radio Persian-language broadcasting

Current Kol Yisrael channels include:

  • Kan Tarbut ("The Culture Network"), also referred to as Kol Yisrael – General talk and cultural programming.
  • Kan Bet ("Network B") – Popular radio station with news and current affairs programming, as well as sports coverage. There are news bulletins on the hour in Hebrew.
  • Kan Gimel ("Network C") – Radio station devoted for promoting Israeli music. There are news bulletins in Hebrew at the same times as Kan Bet.
  • Makan ("Network D") – Arabic-language radio station also known as Sawt Isra'eel (in Arabic: صوت إسرائيل, lit. 'Voice of Israel')
  • Kan REKA (Acronym of REshet Klitat Aliya" - lit. "Immigrant absorption network") – Radio for olim (immigrants) to Israel. Broadcasts in 14 languages, including English at 0430, 1030, 1830 UTC (+1 hr during the Summer).
  • Israel Radio International – International broadcasts in 14 languages: English, French, Persian, Bukhori, Yiddish, Spanish, Maghrebi Arabic, Georgian, Amharic, Tigrinya, Ladino, Hungarian, Romanian, and Russian.[10] The international services are currently only available via online streaming and rebroadcasts through the domestic REKA network.
  • Kan 88 – "High Quality" music (their terminology). Jazz, blues, electronic music and more, plus traffic news
  • Kan Kol Ha Musica ("The Voice of Music") – Classical music and drama.
  • Kan Moreshet ("The Heritage Network") – Religious broadcasting on Kan Tarbut's network.

There are also educational stations broadcasting via low-power transmitters from colleges and universities across Israel under the collective banner of Tachana Chinuchit.

All of Kol Israel's stations are available worldwide through streaming audio over the Internet. Live broadcasts as well as archived programs are available to listeners.

Gallery[edit]

  • Broadcaster microphone in Kol Yisrael studios near Sarona
    Broadcaster microphone in Kol Yisrael studios near Sarona
  • "Reshet Gimel" studio commemorating Ehud Manor
    "Reshet Gimel" studio commemorating Ehud Manor
  • Live show in Kol Yisrael Studios
    Live show in Kol Yisrael Studios
  • Control and Monitoring room in Kol Yisrael facilities in Tel Aviv
    Control and Monitoring room in Kol Yisrael facilities in Tel Aviv
  • Kol Yisrael Studio
    Kol Yisrael Studio

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Bar-On, Mordechai (2001). The Beginning of the Israeli Historiography of the 1948 War. Ministry of Defense Publishing. ISBN 965-05-1126-1.
  2. ^ "October 1949". Israel Radio. Archived from the original on 2006-05-16. Retrieved 2005-10-02.
  3. ^ Wigoder, Geoffrey (February 1961). "Radio in Israel". International Communications Gazette. 7 (1): 129–136. doi:10.1177/001654926100700116. S2CID 144767473. Retrieved 10 August 2022., p. 129.
  4. ^ Wigoder 1961, p. 134.
  5. ^ Wigoder 1961, p. 135.
  6. ^ White, Alex (4 March 2022). "Broadcasting Brotherhood? Interactive Diplomacy and Postcolonial Identity in Kol Yisrael' s African Services, 1960-1966". The International History Review. 44 (2): 373–392. doi:10.1080/07075332.2021.1950807. S2CID 237682967., pp. 376, 377.
  7. ^ Alpher, Joseph (2015). Periphery : Israel's search for Middle East allies. Lanham, Maryland. ISBN 978-1-4422-3101-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link), pp. xviii, 3, 11.
  8. ^ White 2022, pp. 374, 381, 385.
  9. ^ Gidron, Yotam (2020). Israel in Africa : security, migration, interstate politics. London. ISBN 9781786995025.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link), p. 40.
  10. ^ "On Demand - Latest Broadcasts". Kol Israel International. 2012-05-03. Archived from the original on 2012-05-03. Retrieved 2012-05-03.

Further reading[edit]

  • Mann, Izi (2008). This is the Voice of Israel broadcasting from Jerusalem...: A Nation Behind the Microphone. Israel Broadcasting Authority. (in Hebrew)

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kol Israel.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kol_Yisrael&oldid=1203913764"