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{{Short description|Family of mites}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image= Grain mite 1.JPG
| image= Grain mite 1.JPG
| image_caption = ''[[Acarus siro]]''
| image_caption = ''[[Acarus siro]]''
| image_width = 250px
| taxon = Acaridae
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1802
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| display_parents = 3
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
| diversity_link =
| classis = [[Arachnida]]
| subclassis = [[Acarina]]
| superordo = [[Acariformes]]
| ordo = [[Astigmata]]
| familia = '''Acaridae'''
| familia_authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1802
| diversity_link = Acaridae
| diversity = > 110 genera, > 400 species
| diversity = > 110 genera, > 400 species
| range_map =
| range_map =
| range_map_width = 250px
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
*[[Acarinae]]
[[Fagacarinae]]<br />
*[[Fagacarinae]]
[[Acarinae]]<br />
*[[Pontoppidaniinae]]
[[Rhizoglyphinae]]<br />
*[[Rhizoglyphinae]]
[[Pontoppidaniinae]]
}}
}}
[[File:Cheese mite.jpg|thumb|''[[Tyrophagus putrescentiae]]'']]
[[File:Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Drawing).jpg|thumb|''[[Rhizoglyphus echinopus]]'']]
[[File:5-Sancassania feeding stages ex Pelidnota punctata BMOC-15-0727-004.jpg|thumb|''[[Sancassania]]'' sp.]]
The '''Acaridae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[mite]]s in order [[Sarcoptiformes]].<ref>{{cite web |editor=Barry O'Connor |url=http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Acaridae.txt |title=Acaridae Species Listing |work=Biology Catalog |publisher=[[Texas A&M University]] |year=2008 |access-date=July 26, 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100807105304/http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Acaridae.txt| archive-date= 7 August 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>


== Distribution ==
The '''Acaridae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[mite]]s. Common forms include some [[mold mite]]s, for example the [[grain mite]].
There are several acarid genera with cosmopolitan distributions, such as ''Acarus''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Acarus {{!}} Bee Mite ID |url=http://idtools.org/id/mites/beemites/factsheet.php?name=15314 |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=idtools.org}}</ref>'', Sancassania''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sancassania {{!}} Bee Mite ID |url=http://idtools.org/id/mites/beemites/factsheet.php?name=15312 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=idtools.org}}</ref> and ''Tyrophagus''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Tyrophagus {{!}} Bee Mite ID |url=http://idtools.org/id/mites/beemites/factsheet.php?name=15324 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=idtools.org}}</ref>


==Selected Taxa==
== Ecology ==
Acaridae live in various habitats and have various diets.


Many are [[Generalist and specialist species|generalists]] that live in natural (e.g. soil, litter, animal nests, decomposing plant material) and artificial (e.g. human dwellings, granaries, greenhouses, plant nurseries) environments. They feed on decomposing organic material, [[Fungus|fungi]] and [[Nematode|nematodes]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
* ''[[Acarus siro]]'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> — grain mite, flour mite

* ''[[Rhizoglyphus echinopus]]'' <small>(Fumouze & Robin, 1868)</small>
There are also more specialised acarids. Some ''Acarus'' inhabit nests of warm-blooded animals, mostly rodents and birds.<ref name=":0" /> Within ''Sancassania,'' there are species associated with certain bees, associated with scarabaeid beetles (riding phoretically on live beetles and feeding on dead beetles) or feeding on [[Mushroom|mushrooms]].<ref name=":1" /> A lineage of ''Tyrophagus'', comprising ''T. formicetorum'' and related species, only occurs in ant nests.<ref name=":2" /> A number of ''Histiogaster'' species live beneath bark (subcortical) and feed on fungi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Genus Histiogaster |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/304203 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref>
* ''[[Rhizoglyphus robini]]'' <small>Claparede, 1869</small>

* ''[[Sancassania berlesei]]'' <small>(Michael, 1903)</small>
== Dispersal ==
* ''[[Thyreophagus entomophagus]]'' <small>(Laboulbéne & Robin, 1862)</small>
Various Acaridae have a [[Phoresis|phoretic]] deutonymph stage in their life cycle, a non-feeding nymph stage that can disperse to new habitats by riding on larger animals.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Hyperphoresy (riding an animal which is itself riding a third animal) has also been reported, with acarid deutonymphs on a larger [[Uropodidae]] mite which in turn was on a beetle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beetle Mites |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/118625 |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref>
* ''[[Tyrolichus casei]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1910</small>

* ''[[Tyrophagus longior]]'' <small>(Gervais, 1844)</small>
Most ''Tyrophagus'' species do not form deutonymphs (except for the ''T. formicetorum'' lineage), instead dispersing as feeding life stages. They may disperse phoretically, by active movements or by air currents.<ref name=":2" />
* ''[[Tyrophagus putrescentiae]]'' <small>(Schrank, 1781)</small>

== Pests ==
Some Acaridae species are stored product pests, such as [[Flour mite|''Acarus siro'']], ''A. farris, [[Tyrophagus putrescentiae]], [[Tyrophagus longior]]'' and ''[[Tyrolichus casei]]''. These infest stored organic materials such as grains, flour, [[dried fruit]], milk products, [[Ham|hams]], [[Cheese|cheeses]], [[straw]], [[Hide (skin)|animal hides]], invertebrate culture media, vertebrate bedding materials and [[animal feed]]. They thrive in humid conditions and on damp materials. Acaridae can cause [[dermatitis]] via piercing human skin (in attempts to feed) or via contact [[Allergen|allergens]].<ref>{{Citation |last1=Mullen |first1=Gary R. |title=Mites (Acari) |date=2019 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128140437000261 |work=Medical and Veterinary Entomology |pages=533–602 |publisher=Elsevier |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-814043-7.00026-1 |isbn=978-0-12-814043-7 |access-date=2022-09-20 |last2=OConnor |first2=Barry M.|s2cid=239345468 }}</ref>

There are also Acaridae which are pests of living plants. These include the genus ''[[Rhizoglyphus]]'' (pests of plants with [[Bulb|bulbs]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulbmites |url=https://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/foliage/entomol/ncstate/mite2.htm |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=mrec.ifas.ufl.edu}}</ref> and the species ''T. longior'' (pest of some ornamental plants).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buxton |first=J. H. |date=1989 |title=Tyrophagus longior (Gervais) (Acarina; Acaridae) as a pest of ornamentals grown under protection |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb02167.x |journal=Plant Pathology |language=en |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb02167.x |issn=0032-0862|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Genera==

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
;Fagacarinae <small>Fain & R. A. Norton, 1979</small>
* ''[[Fagacarus]]'' <small>Fain & R. A. Norton, 1979</small>

;Acarinae <small>Nesbitt, 1945</small>
* ''[[Acarus]]'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>
* ''[[Aleuroglyphus]]'' <small>[[Alexsei Zachvatkin|Zachvatkin]], 1940</small>
* ''[[Ebertia]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1924</small>
* ''[[Podoglyphus]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1937</small>
* ''[[Tyrolichus]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1924</small>
* ''[[Tyroglyphites]]'' <small>Pampaloni, 1902</small>
* ''[[Tyrophagus]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1924</small>

;Rhizoglyphinae <small>Zakhvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[[Acarotalpa]]'' <small>Volgin, 1966</small>
* ''[[Acotyledon (mite)|Acotyledon]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1903</small>
* ''[[Caloglyphus]]'' <small>Berlese, 1923</small>
* ''[[Cosmoglyphus]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1932</small>
* ''[[Froriepia (arachnid)|Froriepia]]'' <small>Vitzthum, 1919</small>
* ''[[Garsaultia]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1916</small>
* ''[[Histiogaster]]'' <small>Berlese, 1883</small>
* ''[[Horstia]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1905</small>
* ''[[Mycetoglyphus]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1932</small>
* ''[[Myrmoglyphus]]'' <small>Vitzthum, 1935</small>
* ''[[Rhizoglyphus]]'' <small>Claparédè, 1869</small>
* ''[[Sancassania]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1916</small>
* ''[[Schwiebea]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1916</small>
* ''[[Stereoglyphus]]'' <small>Berlese, 1923</small>
* ''[[Thyreophagus]]'' <small>Rondani, 1874</small>
* ''[[Troglocoptes]]'' <small>Fain, 1966</small>
* ''[[Valmontia]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1923</small>
* ''[[Viedebanttia]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1929</small>

;Pontoppidaniinae <small>Oudemans, 1925</small>
* ''[[Diphtheroglyphus]]'' <small>Nesbitt, 1950</small>
* ''[[Pontoppidania]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1923</small>

;''[[Incertae sedis]]''
* ''[[Aellenella]]'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1978</small>
* ''[[Apiacarus]]'' <small>Volgin, 1974</small>
* ''[[Amphicalvolia]]'' <small>Türk, 1963</small>
* ''[[Armacarus]]'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1979</small>
* ''[[Askinasia]]'' <small>Yunker, 1970</small>
* ''[[Australhypopus]]'' <small>Fain & Friend, 1984</small>
* ''[[Baloghella]]'' <small>Mahunka, 1963</small>
* ''[[Bembidioglyphus]]'' <small>Klimov, 1998</small>
* ''[[Boletacarus]]'' <small>V. I. Volgin & S. V. Mironov, 1980</small>
* ''[[Boletoglyphus]]'' <small>Volgin, 1953</small>
* ''[[Bromeliaglyphus]]'' <small>H. H. J. Nesbitt, 1985</small>
* ''[[Calvoliella]]'' <small>Samsinak, 1969</small>
* ''[[Calvoliopsis]]'' <small>Mahunka, 1973</small>
* ''[[Capillaroglyphus]]'' <small>Klimov, 1998</small>
* ''[[Carabidobius]]'' <small>Volgin, 1953</small>
* ''[[Cerophagopsis]]'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[[Chibidaria]]'' <small>Sasa, 1952</small>
* ''[[Contromelisia]]'' <small>Samsinak, 1969</small>
* ''[[Ctenocolletacarus]]'' <small>Fain, 1984</small>
* ''[[Diadasiopus]]'' <small>OConnor, 1997</small>
* ''[[Dynastopus]]'' <small>Fain, 1978</small>
* ''[[Ewingia]]'' <small>Pearse, 1929</small>
* ''[[Fainoglyphus]]'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1979</small>
* ''[[Forcellinia]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1924</small>
* ''[[Ghanacarus]]'' <small>Mahunka, 1973</small>
* ''[[Halictacarus]]'' <small>Mahunka, 1975</small>
* ''[[Heteroglyphus]]'' <small>Foa, 1897</small>
* ''[[Hoogstraalacarus]]'' <small>Yunker, 1970</small>
* ''[[Horstiella]]'' <small>Türk, 1949</small>
* ''[[Hortacarus]]'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1979</small>
* ''[[Hyohondania]]'' <small>Sasa, 1952</small>
* ''[[Irianopus]]'' <small>Fain, 1986</small>
* ''[[Kanekobia]]'' <small>Fain, C. E. Yunker, J. van Goethem & D. E. Johnston, 1982</small>
* ''[[Kargoecius]]'' <small>Fain, 1985</small>
* ''[[Konoglyphus]]'' <small>Delfinado & Baker, 1974</small>
* ''[[Kuzinia]]'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[[Lackerbaueria]]'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[[Lamtoglyphus]]'' <small>Fain, 1975</small>
* ''[[Lasioacarus]]'' <small>Kadzhyaya, 1968</small>
* ''[[Lemmaniella]]'' <small>Mahunka, 1977</small>
* ''[[Lindquistia]]'' <small>Mahunka, 1977</small>
* ''[[Lowryacarus]]'' <small>Fain, 1986</small>
* ''[[Machadoglyphus]]'' <small>Mahunka, 1963</small>
* ''[[Madaglyphus]]'' <small>Fain, 1971</small>
* ''[[Mahunkaglyphus]]'' <small>Eraky, 1998</small>
* ''[[Mahunkallinia]]'' <small>Eraky, 1999</small>
* ''[[Mauracarus]]'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1978</small>
* ''[[Medeus]]'' <small>Volgin, 1974</small>
* ''[[Megachilopus]]'' <small>Fain, 1974</small>
* ''[[Mezorhizoglyphus]]'' <small>Kadzhaya, 1966</small>
* ''[[Mycetosancassania]]'' <small>Klimov, 2000</small>
* ''[[Myrmolichus]]'' <small>Türk & Türk, 1957</small>
* ''[[Naiacus]]'' <small>H. H. J. Nesbitt, 1990</small>
* ''[[Naiadacarus]]'' <small>Fashing, 1974</small>
* ''[[Neoacotyledon]]'' <small>K. Samsinak, 1980</small>
* ''[[Neohorstia]]'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[[Neotropacarus]]'' <small>Baker, 1985</small>
* ''[[Notiopsyllopus]]'' <small>Fain, 1977</small>
* ''[[Ocellacarus]]'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1979</small>
* ''[[Olafsenia]]'' <small>Oudemans, 1927</small>
* ''[[Omentopus]]'' <small>Fain, 1978</small>
* ''[[Paraceroglyphus]]'' <small>Fain & Beaucournu, 1979</small>
* ''[[Paraforcellinia]]'' <small>Kadzhaya, 1974</small>
* ''[[Passaloglyphus]]'' <small>Mahunka & Samsinak, 1972</small>
* ''[[Paulacarellus]]'' <small>Fain, 1976</small>
* ''[[Pelzneria]]'' <small>Scheucher, in Stammer 1957</small>
* ''[[Pinoglyphus]]'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1978</small>
* ''[[Psyllacarus]]'' <small>Fain, F. Bartholomaeus, B. Cooke & J. C. Beaucournu, 1990</small>
* ''[[Psylloglyphus]]'' <small>Fain, 1966</small>
* ''[[Psyllopus]]'' <small>Fain & J. C. Beaucournu, 1993</small>
* ''[[Reckiacarus]]'' <small>G. Kadzhaya, 1972</small>
* ''[[Rettacarus]]'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1979</small>
* ''[[Rhizoglyphoides]]'' <small>V. I. Volgin, 1978</small>
* ''[[Rodionovia]]'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[[Scatoglyphus]]'' <small>Berlese, 1913</small>
* ''[[Schulzea]]'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[[Sennertionyx]]'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[[Setoglyphus]]'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1979</small>
* ''[[Sinolardoglyphus]]'' <small>Z. T. Jiang, 1991</small>
* ''[[Sinosuidasia]]'' <small>Jiang, 1996</small>
* ''[[Spinacaropus]]'' <small>Fain & A. M. Camerik, 1978</small>
* ''[[Terglyphus]]'' <small>Samsinak, 1965</small>
* ''[[Thectochloracarus]]'' <small>Fain, Engel, Flechtmann & OConnor, 1999</small>
* ''[[Trichopsyllopus]]'' <small>Fain & G. T. Baker, 1983</small>
* ''[[Troxocoptes]]'' <small>Fain & J. R. Philips, 1983</small>
* ''[[Umakefeq]]'' <small>Klimov, 2000</small>
* ''[[Volginia]]'' <small>Kadzhaya, 1967</small>
{{div col end}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{aut|Joel Hallan}}'s Biology Catalog: [http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Acaridae.txt Acaridae]


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Acaridae}}
* Stuart M. Bennett (2003): [http://www.the-piedpiper.co.uk/th7g.htm ''Acarus siro'' (Flour Mite)]
* Stuart M. Bennett (2003): [http://www.the-piedpiper.co.uk/th7g.htm ''Acarus siro'' (Flour Mite)]


{{Acari}}
{{commonscat|Acaridae}}

[[Category:Acari]]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1931942}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Acaridae| ]]
{{acari-stub}}
[[Category:Sarcoptiformes]]
[[Category:Acari families]]

Latest revision as of 19:45, 6 February 2024

Acaridae
Acarus siro
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Sarcoptiformes
(unranked): Astigmatina
Suborder: Acaridia
Superfamily: Acaroidea
Family: Acaridae
Latreille, 1802
Subfamilies
Diversity
> 110 genera, > 400 species
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
Rhizoglyphus echinopus
Sancassania sp.

The Acaridae are a family of mites in order Sarcoptiformes.[1]

Distribution[edit]

There are several acarid genera with cosmopolitan distributions, such as Acarus[2], Sancassania[3] and Tyrophagus.[4]

Ecology[edit]

Acaridae live in various habitats and have various diets.

Many are generalists that live in natural (e.g. soil, litter, animal nests, decomposing plant material) and artificial (e.g. human dwellings, granaries, greenhouses, plant nurseries) environments. They feed on decomposing organic material, fungi and nematodes.[2][3][4]

There are also more specialised acarids. Some Acarus inhabit nests of warm-blooded animals, mostly rodents and birds.[2] Within Sancassania, there are species associated with certain bees, associated with scarabaeid beetles (riding phoretically on live beetles and feeding on dead beetles) or feeding on mushrooms.[3] A lineage of Tyrophagus, comprising T. formicetorum and related species, only occurs in ant nests.[4] A number of Histiogaster species live beneath bark (subcortical) and feed on fungi.[5]

Dispersal[edit]

Various Acaridae have a phoretic deutonymph stage in their life cycle, a non-feeding nymph stage that can disperse to new habitats by riding on larger animals.[2][3][4][5] Hyperphoresy (riding an animal which is itself riding a third animal) has also been reported, with acarid deutonymphs on a larger Uropodidae mite which in turn was on a beetle.[6]

Most Tyrophagus species do not form deutonymphs (except for the T. formicetorum lineage), instead dispersing as feeding life stages. They may disperse phoretically, by active movements or by air currents.[4]

Pests[edit]

Some Acaridae species are stored product pests, such as Acarus siro, A. farris, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Tyrophagus longior and Tyrolichus casei. These infest stored organic materials such as grains, flour, dried fruit, milk products, hams, cheeses, straw, animal hides, invertebrate culture media, vertebrate bedding materials and animal feed. They thrive in humid conditions and on damp materials. Acaridae can cause dermatitis via piercing human skin (in attempts to feed) or via contact allergens.[7]

There are also Acaridae which are pests of living plants. These include the genus Rhizoglyphus (pests of plants with bulbs)[8] and the species T. longior (pest of some ornamental plants).[9]

Genera[edit]

Fagacarinae Fain & R. A. Norton, 1979
Acarinae Nesbitt, 1945
Rhizoglyphinae Zakhvatkin, 1941
Pontoppidaniinae Oudemans, 1925
Incertae sedis

References[edit]

  1. ^ Barry O'Connor, ed. (2008). "Acaridae Species Listing". Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Archived from the original on 7 August 2010. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d "Acarus | Bee Mite ID". idtools.org. Retrieved 2022-09-20.
  3. ^ a b c d "Sancassania | Bee Mite ID". idtools.org. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Tyrophagus | Bee Mite ID". idtools.org. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  5. ^ a b "Genus Histiogaster". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  6. ^ "Beetle Mites". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2022-09-20.
  7. ^ Mullen, Gary R.; OConnor, Barry M. (2019), "Mites (Acari)", Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Elsevier, pp. 533–602, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814043-7.00026-1, ISBN 978-0-12-814043-7, S2CID 239345468, retrieved 2022-09-20
  8. ^ "Bulbmites". mrec.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2022-09-20.
  9. ^ Buxton, J. H. (1989). "Tyrophagus longior (Gervais) (Acarina; Acaridae) as a pest of ornamentals grown under protection". Plant Pathology. 38 (3): 447–448. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb02167.x. ISSN 0032-0862.

External links[edit]

Media related to Acaridae at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acaridae&oldid=1204265365"