Masaba language: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Bantu language spoken in East Africa}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Masaba
| name = Masaba
|nativename=Lumasaba
| nativename = Lumasaba
| states = [[Uganda]]
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
| region = [[Eastern Region, Uganda|Eastern Uganda]], south of the [[Kupsabiny]], [[Bugisu]] Province
|states=[[Uganda]]
| ethnicity = [[Masaba people|Masaba]], [[Luhya people|Luhya]]
|region=Eastern, south of the [[Kupsabiny]], [[Bugisu]] Province
| speakers = {{sigfig|2.671|2}} million
|speakers=1,120,000 Gisu etc. (2002 census), 565,000 Bukusu and Tachoni
| date = 2002 & 2009 censuses
|date=1987
|ref=e16
| ref = e18
| familycolor = Niger-Congo
|ethnicity=[[Masaba people|Masaba]], [[Luhya people|Luhya]]
|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]
| fam2 = [[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]
| fam3 = [[Volta-Congo]]
|fam3=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]
|fam4=[[Bantoid languages|Bantoid]]
| fam4 = [[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]
|fam5=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]]
| fam5 = [[Bantoid]]
| fam6 = [[Southern Bantoid languages|Southern Bantoid]]
|fam6=[[Northeast Bantu]]
|fam7=[[Great Lakes Bantu]]
| fam7 = [[Bantu languages|Bantu]]
| fam8 = [[Northeast Bantu]]
|fam8=Masaba–Luhya (J.30)
| fam9 = [[Great Lakes Bantu]]
|dia1=Gisu
| fam10 = Masaba–Luhya (J.30)
|dia2=Kisu
| dia1 = Gisu
|dia3=[[Bukusu dialect|Bukusu]]
| dia2 = Kisu
|dia4=Syan
| dia3 = [[Bukusu dialect|Bukusu]]
|dia5=Tachoni
| dia4 = Syan
|dia6=Dadiri
| dia5 = Tachoni
|dia7=Buya
| dia6 = Dadiri
|lc1=myx|ld1=Masaba (Gisu, Kisu, Dadiri, Buya)
| dia7 = Buya
|lc2=bxk|ld2=Bukusu (Tachoni)
| lc1 = myx
|lc3=lts|ld3=Tachoni
| ld1 = Masaba (Gisu, Kisu, Dadiri, Buya)
|guthrie=JE.31
| lc2 = bxk
| ld2 = [[Bukusu dialect|Bukusu]] (Tachoni)
| lc3 = lts
| ld3 = Tachoni
| guthrie = JE.31
| glotto = masa1299
| glottoname = Masaaba
| glotto2 = buku1249
| glottoname2 = Bukusu
| glotto3 = tach1242
| glottoname3 = Tachoni
}}
}}


'''Masaba''' (''Lumasaaba''), sometimes known as '''Gisu''' (''Lugisu'') after one of its dialects, is a [[Bantu language]] spoken by some two milion people in East Africa. Gisu dialect in eastern Uganda is mutually intelligible with [[Bukusu dialect|Bukusu]], spoken by ethnic [[Luhya people|Luhya]] in western Kenya. ''Masaba'' is the local name of Mount Elgon and the name of the son of the ancestor of the Gisu tribe. Like other Bantu languages, Lumasaba has a large set of prefixes used as [[noun]] [[classifier (linguistics)|classifiers]]. This is similar to how [[grammatical gender|gender]] is used in many [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] and [[Romance languages]], except that instead of the usual two or three, there are around eighteen different noun classes. The language is not [[tone (linguistics)|tonal]]{{cn|date=February 2013}} but has a quite complex [[verb]] morphology.
'''Masaba''' (''Lumasaaba''), sometimes known as '''Gisu''' (''Lugisu'') after one of its dialects, is a [[Bantu language]] spoken by more than two million people in East Africa. The Gisu dialect in eastern Uganda is mutually intelligible with [[Bukusu dialect|Bukusu]], spoken by ethnic [[Luhya people|Luhya]] in western Kenya. ''Masaba'' is the local name of Mount Elgon and the name of the son of the ancestor of the Gisu tribe. Like other Bantu languages, Lumasaba nouns are divided into several sets of [[noun classes]]. These are similar to the [[grammatical gender|genders]] in [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] and [[Romance languages]], except that instead of the usual two or three, there are around eighteen different noun classes. The language has a quite complex [[verb]] morphology.


==Varieties==
==Varieties==
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Dadiri is spoken in the north, Gisu in the center, and Buya in the center and south of Masaba territory in Uganda. Bukusu is spoken in Kenya, separated from ethnic Masaba by Nilotic languages on the border.
Dadiri is spoken in the north, Gisu in the center, and Buya in the center and south of Masaba territory in Uganda. Bukusu is spoken in Kenya, separated from ethnic Masaba by Nilotic languages on the border.


==Sounds==
==Phonology==
See [[Bukusu dialect]] for details of one variety of Masaba.
See [[Bukusu dialect]] for details of one variety of Masaba.


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode"
|-
|-
!colspan=2|
!
! colspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|labial]]
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
|- align=center
![[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
!colspan=2| [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPAlink|m}}
| colspan="2" | m
|{{IPAlink|n}}
| colspan="2" | n
|
| colspan="2" |
|{{IPAlink|ŋ}}
| colspan="2" | ŋ
|-
|- align=center
![[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
!rowspan=2| [[Stop consonant|Plosive]]
! <small>[[voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
| p
|{{IPAlink|p}}
| b
|{{IPAlink|t}}
| t
| d
|
|{{IPAlink|k}}
| colspan="2" |
| k
|-
! <small>[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
| g
|{{IPAlink|b}}
|- align=center
|{{IPAlink|d}}
![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| f
|
|{{IPAlink|g}}
| β
| s
|-
!rowspan=2| [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| z
! <small>[[voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
| colspan="2" |
|{{IPAlink|f}}
| colspan="2" |
|{{IPAlink|s}}
|- align=center
|
![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
| colspan="2" | l
! <small>[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
| colspan="2" | j
|{{IPAlink|β}}
| colspan="2" |
|{{IPAlink|z}}
|
|
|-
!colspan=2| [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|{{IPAlink|l}}
|{{IPAlink|j}}
|
|}
|}


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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

*Brown, Gillian (1972) ''Phonological Rules and Dialectal Variation: A study of the phonology of Lumasaaba'' ISBN 0-521-08485-7
== Bibliography ==
*Brown, Gillian (1972) ''Phonological Rules and Dialectal Variation: A study of the phonology of Lumasaaba'' {{ISBN|0-521-08485-7}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{ethnologue|myx}}
*[http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Uganda/masaba.html Kulomba Kwikumutikinyi] Portions of the [[Book of Common Prayer]] in Masaba (1907) digitized by Richard Mammana and Charles Wohlers
*[http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Uganda/masaba.html Kulomba Kwikumutikinyi] Portions of the [[Book of Common Prayer]] in Masaba (1907) digitized by Richard Mammana and Charles Wohlers
*http://open-chapel.com/scripture/language-preservation/lumasaaba-language-study/ Learning Lumasaaba by Catherine Mabongor


{{Languages of Uganda}}
{{Languages of Uganda}}
{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)}}
{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)}}


{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Languages of Uganda]]
[[Category:Languages of Uganda]]
[[Category:Great Lakes Bantu languages]]
[[Category:Great Lakes Bantu languages]]


{{Bantu-lang-stub}}

Latest revision as of 07:53, 3 March 2024

Masaba
Lumasaba
Native toUganda
RegionEastern Uganda, south of the Kupsabiny, Bugisu Province
EthnicityMasaba, Luhya
Native speakers
2.7 million (2002 & 2009 censuses)[1]
Dialects
  • Gisu
  • Kisu
  • Bukusu
  • Syan
  • Tachoni
  • Dadiri
  • Buya
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
myx – Masaba (Gisu, Kisu, Dadiri, Buya)
bxk – Bukusu (Tachoni)
lts – Tachoni
Glottologmasa1299  Masaaba
buku1249  Bukusu
tach1242  Tachoni
JE.31[2]

Masaba (Lumasaaba), sometimes known as Gisu (Lugisu) after one of its dialects, is a Bantu language spoken by more than two million people in East Africa. The Gisu dialect in eastern Uganda is mutually intelligible with Bukusu, spoken by ethnic Luhya in western Kenya. Masaba is the local name of Mount Elgon and the name of the son of the ancestor of the Gisu tribe. Like other Bantu languages, Lumasaba nouns are divided into several sets of noun classes. These are similar to the genders in Germanic and Romance languages, except that instead of the usual two or three, there are around eighteen different noun classes. The language has a quite complex verb morphology.

Varieties[edit]

Varieties of Masaba are as follows:[3]

  • Gisu (Lugisu)
  • Kisu
  • Bukusu (Lubukusu; ethnic Luhya)
  • Syan
  • Tachoni (Lutachoni; ethnic Luhya)
  • Dadiri (Ludadiri)
  • Buya (Lubuya)

Dadiri is spoken in the north, Gisu in the center, and Buya in the center and south of Masaba territory in Uganda. Bukusu is spoken in Kenya, separated from ethnic Masaba by Nilotic languages on the border.

Phonology[edit]

See Bukusu dialect for details of one variety of Masaba.

Consonants[edit]

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive voiceless p t k
voiced b d g
Fricative voiceless f s
voiced β z
Approximant l j

Vowels[edit]

Masaba has a basic 5-vowel system consisting of /i, e, a, o, u/.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Masaba (Gisu, Kisu, Dadiri, Buya) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Bukusu (Tachoni) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Tachoni at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  3. ^ Maho (2009)

Bibliography[edit]

  • Brown, Gillian (1972) Phonological Rules and Dialectal Variation: A study of the phonology of Lumasaaba ISBN 0-521-08485-7

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masaba_language&oldid=1211576059"