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{{short description|French Roman Catholic saint}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox saint
{{Infobox saint
| honorific_prefix=Saint
| honorific_prefix = Saint
| name = Marie-Hermine of Jesus
| name = Marie-Hermine of Jesus
| honorific_suffix=
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image = Marie-Hermine.jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| titles =
| titles =
| birth_name =Irma Grivot
| birth_name = Irma Grivot
| birth_date = 28 April 1866
| birth_date = 28 April 1866
| birth_place = [[Beaune]], France
| birth_place = [[Beaune]], France
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| feast_day = 9 July as one of the [[Martyr Saints of China]]
| feast_day = 9 July as one of the [[Martyr Saints of China]]
}}
}}
Saint '''Marie-Hermine of Jesus''' (1866-1900, born '''Irma Grivot''') was a French nun and Mother Superior who died for her faith in China during the [[Boxer Rebellion]] and was canonised in 2000.<ref name="csi">{{cite web |title=Saint Mary Hermina Grivot |url=https://catholicsaints.info/saint-mary-hermina-grivot/ |website=CatholicSaints.Info |access-date=1 May 2021 |date=8 July 2013}}</ref> She is one of the group known as the [[Martyr Saints of China]] who were canonised by [[Pope John Paul II]] 1 October 2000.<ref name="vatican">{{cite web |title=Agostino Zhao Rong (+1815) and 119 companions in China (+1648-1930) |url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20001001_zhao-rong-compagni_en.html |website=www.vatican.va |publisher=Vatican News Service |access-date=1 May 2021 |date=1 October 2000|quote=Blessed Mary Hermina of Jesus (''in saec'': Irma Grivot),}}</ref><ref name="hagiog">{{cite web |title=Martyrs of China: Canonized Martyrs (†1648-1930) |url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/martyrs/China1.htm |website=newsaints.faithweb.com |publisher=Hagiography Circle |access-date=1 May 2021 |quote=Irma Grivot (Marie-Hermine of Jesus) )}}</ref>
Saint '''Marie-Hermine of Jesus''' (1866–1900, born ''Irma Grivot'') was a French nun and Mother Superior who died during the [[Boxer Rebellion]] in China and was canonised in 2000. She and six other nuns had gone to China to create a small hospital and to staff an orphanage, but were ultimately killed due to their association with foreign interference.<ref name="csi">{{cite web |title=Saint Mary Hermina Grivot |url=https://catholicsaints.info/saint-mary-hermina-grivot/ |website=CatholicSaints.Info |access-date=1 May 2021 |date=8 July 2013}}</ref> She is one of the group known as the [[Martyr Saints of China]] who were canonised by [[Pope John Paul II]] 1 October 2000.<ref name="vatican">{{cite web |title=Agostino Zhao Rong (+1815) and 119 companions in China (+1648-1930) |url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20001001_zhao-rong-compagni_en.html |website=www.vatican.va |publisher=Vatican News Service |access-date=1 May 2021 |date=1 October 2000|quote=Blessed Mary Hermina of Jesus (''in saec'': Irma Grivot),}}</ref><ref name="hagiog">{{cite web |title=Martyrs of China: Canonized Martyrs (†1648-1930) |url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/martyrs/China1.htm |website=newsaints.faithweb.com |publisher=Hagiography Circle |access-date=1 May 2021 |quote=Irma Grivot (Marie-Hermine of Jesus) )}}</ref>


==Life==
==Life==
She was born Irma Grivot on 28 April 1866 in [[Beaune]], France, and she had only a basic education. Her father made barrels and he and her mother did not support her ambition to lead a religious life. She first took a job as a tutor to gain her independence and she joined the [[Franciscan Missionaries of Mary]] in a prenovitiate in 1894 at [[Vanves]]. She went on to her novitiate at [[Le Châtelet]] and this took some time as she was frequently ill.<ref name=csi />
Marie-Hermine was born Irma Grivot on 28 April 1866 in [[Beaune]], France, and she had only a basic education. Her father made barrels and he and her mother did not support her ambition to lead a religious life. She first took a job as a tutor to gain her independence and she joined the [[Franciscan Missionaries of Mary]] in a pre-novitiate in 1894 at [[Vanves]]. She went on to her novitiate at [[Le Châtelet]] and this took some time as she was frequently ill.<ref name=csi />
[[File:Shanxi martyrs taken in maybe 1898.jpg|thumb|The seven missionary nuns/Shanxi martyrs]]
[[File:Shanxi martyrs taken in maybe 1898.jpg|thumb|The seven missionary nuns/Shanxi martyrs]]
In 1899 she was the mother superior of a group of seven sisters from the order who left Marseilles on 12 May 1899. They went to [[Taiyuan]], China, arriving on 4 May 1899, to set up an orphanage at the mission there under bishop [[Gregorio Grassi]].<ref name=fmm /> The seven nuns were from France, Italy, Belgium and the Netherlands.<ref name=mysg/> [[Marie de la Paix Giuliani]] who was Italian and who was the youngest of the nuns became Mother Superior Marie-Hermine of Jesus's assistant.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwCSAAAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=Marie_de_la_Paix+Giuliani&q=Marie_de_la_Paix+Giuliani&hl=en|title=Ding|date=2000|publisher=Holy Spirit Study Centre|page=47|language=en}}</ref> The nuns who left China were aware of the dangers as the Boxers had already killed other missionaries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=owner|first=No|date=2013-11-12|title=Dirks|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn5/dirks|access-date=2021-05-31|website=resources.huygens.knaw.nl|language=Dutch}}</ref><ref name="martyrs">{{cite web |title=120 Martyrs of China |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/120-martyrs-of-china-533 |website=Catholic News Agency |access-date=1 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref> They would be there during the [[Boxer Rebellion]].
In 1899 she was the Mother Superior of a group of seven sisters from the order who left Marseilles on 12 May 1899. They went to [[Taiyuan]], China, arriving on 4 May 1899, to set up an orphanage at the mission there under bishop [[Gregorio Grassi]].<ref name=fmm /> The seven nuns were from France, Italy, Belgium, and the Netherlands.<ref name=mysg/> [[Marie de la Paix Giuliani]] who was Italian and who was the youngest of the nuns became Mother Superior Marie-Hermine of Jesus's assistant.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SwCSAAAAIAAJ&q=Marie_de_la_Paix+Giuliani|title=Ding|date=2000|publisher=Holy Spirit Study Centre|page=47|language=en}}</ref> The nuns who left China were aware of the dangers as the Boxers had already killed other missionaries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=owner|first=No|date=2013-11-12|title=Dirks|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn5/dirks|access-date=2021-05-31|website=resources.huygens.knaw.nl|language=Dutch}}</ref><ref name="martyrs">{{cite web |title=120 Martyrs of China |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/120-martyrs-of-china-533 |website=Catholic News Agency |access-date=1 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref> They would be there during the [[Boxer Rebellion]] which was a violent, anti-Christian, and anti-imperialist insurrection that ran from 1899 to 1901.<ref name=boxer/>


On 27 June 1900 the missionaries realised they were in peril and their Bishops advised that the sisters should remove their habits and escape in plain clothes. Marie-Hermine of Jesus as Mother Superior protested that the sisters should be allowed to stay and take the risk of being killed for their faith.<ref name=mysg>{{Cite web|title=7 Martyrs|url=http://www.fmm-mysg.org/7-martyrs.html|access-date=2021-05-05|website=Franciscan Missionaries of Mary|language=en}}</ref>
On 27 June 1900, the missionaries realised they were in peril and their Bishops advised that the sisters should remove their habits and escape in plain clothes. Marie-Hermine of Jesus protested this advice, arguing that the sisters should be allowed to stay and take the risk of being killed for their faith.<ref name=mysg>{{Cite web|title=7 Martyrs|url=http://www.fmm-mysg.org/7-martyrs.html|access-date=2021-05-05|website=Franciscan Missionaries of Mary|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502215454/http://www.fmm-mysg.org/7-martyrs.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>


On 5 July 1900, the Christians at the mission were ordered to renounce their faith or face death. Four days later the priests, nuns, seminarians and Christian lay workers were all killed as part of the [[Taiyuan massacre]].<ref name="fmm">{{cite web |title=Saints and Blessed |url=https://fmm.org/saints-and-blessed/ |publisher=Franciscan Missionaries of Mary |access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref> Marie-Hermine was beatified by [[Pope Pius XII]] on 24 November 1946 and canonised by [[Pope John Paul II]] on 1 October 2000 as one of a group of 120 [[Martyr Saints of China]].<ref name= csi /><ref name="seven">{{cite web |title=The 7 Martyrs of Taiyuan-Fu, China |url=http://www.fmm-mysg.org/7-martyrs.html |publisher=Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, Malaysia-Singapore Province |access-date=2 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
On 5 July 1900, the Christians at the mission were told that they would be killed if they did not renounce their faith. Four days later the priests, nuns, seminarians, and Christian lay workers were all murdered as part of what was called the [[Taiyuan massacre]].<ref name="fmm">{{cite web |title=Saints and Blessed |url=https://fmm.org/saints-and-blessed/ |publisher=Franciscan Missionaries of Mary |access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref> It is estimated that 250 foreigners died during the Boxer rebellion. Some of these were embassy staff, but most were missionaries. It is thought that 100,000 Chinese people may have died.<ref name=boxer>{{Cite web|title=Boxer Rebellion {{!}} Significance, Combatants, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Boxer-Rebellion|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>

Marie-Hermine was beatified by [[Pope Pius XII]] on 24 November 1946 and canonised by [[Pope John Paul II]] on 1 October 2000 as one of a group of 120 [[Martyr Saints of China]].<ref name= csi /><ref name="seven">{{cite web |title=The 7 Martyrs of Taiyuan-Fu, China |url=http://www.fmm-mysg.org/7-martyrs.html |publisher=Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, Malaysia-Singapore Province |access-date=2 May 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502215454/http://www.fmm-mysg.org/7-martyrs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:1866 births]]
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[[Category:Canonizations by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:Canonizations by Pope John Paul II]]
[[Category:People from Beaune]]
[[Category:People from Beaune]]
[[Category:French Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns]]
[[Category:19th-century French nuns]]
[[Category:Franciscan Missionaries of Mary]]
[[Category:Franciscan Missionaries of Mary]]
[[Category:19th-century Christian nuns]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholic martyrs]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholic martyrs]]
[[Category:French people of the Boxer Rebellion]]
[[Category:French people of the Boxer Rebellion]]

Latest revision as of 19:06, 8 March 2024

Saint

Marie-Hermine of Jesus
BornIrma Grivot
28 April 1866
Beaune, France
Died9 July 1900 (age 34)
Taiyuan, China
Beatified24 November 1946 by Pope Pius XII
Canonized1 October 2000, Rome by Pope John Paul II
Feast9 July as one of the Martyr Saints of China

Saint Marie-Hermine of Jesus (1866–1900, born Irma Grivot) was a French nun and Mother Superior who died during the Boxer Rebellion in China and was canonised in 2000. She and six other nuns had gone to China to create a small hospital and to staff an orphanage, but were ultimately killed due to their association with foreign interference.[1] She is one of the group known as the Martyr Saints of China who were canonised by Pope John Paul II 1 October 2000.[2][3]

Life[edit]

Marie-Hermine was born Irma Grivot on 28 April 1866 in Beaune, France, and she had only a basic education. Her father made barrels and he and her mother did not support her ambition to lead a religious life. She first took a job as a tutor to gain her independence and she joined the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary in a pre-novitiate in 1894 at Vanves. She went on to her novitiate at Le Châtelet and this took some time as she was frequently ill.[1]

The seven missionary nuns/Shanxi martyrs

In 1899 she was the Mother Superior of a group of seven sisters from the order who left Marseilles on 12 May 1899. They went to Taiyuan, China, arriving on 4 May 1899, to set up an orphanage at the mission there under bishop Gregorio Grassi.[4] The seven nuns were from France, Italy, Belgium, and the Netherlands.[5] Marie de la Paix Giuliani who was Italian and who was the youngest of the nuns became Mother Superior Marie-Hermine of Jesus's assistant.[6] The nuns who left China were aware of the dangers as the Boxers had already killed other missionaries.[7][8] They would be there during the Boxer Rebellion which was a violent, anti-Christian, and anti-imperialist insurrection that ran from 1899 to 1901.[9]

On 27 June 1900, the missionaries realised they were in peril and their Bishops advised that the sisters should remove their habits and escape in plain clothes. Marie-Hermine of Jesus protested this advice, arguing that the sisters should be allowed to stay and take the risk of being killed for their faith.[5]

On 5 July 1900, the Christians at the mission were told that they would be killed if they did not renounce their faith. Four days later the priests, nuns, seminarians, and Christian lay workers were all murdered as part of what was called the Taiyuan massacre.[4] It is estimated that 250 foreigners died during the Boxer rebellion. Some of these were embassy staff, but most were missionaries. It is thought that 100,000 Chinese people may have died.[9]

Marie-Hermine was beatified by Pope Pius XII on 24 November 1946 and canonised by Pope John Paul II on 1 October 2000 as one of a group of 120 Martyr Saints of China.[1][10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "Saint Mary Hermina Grivot". CatholicSaints.Info. 8 July 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  2. ^ "Agostino Zhao Rong (+1815) and 119 companions in China (+1648-1930)". www.vatican.va. Vatican News Service. 1 October 2000. Retrieved 1 May 2021. Blessed Mary Hermina of Jesus (in saec: Irma Grivot),
  3. ^ "Martyrs of China: Canonized Martyrs (†1648-1930)". newsaints.faithweb.com. Hagiography Circle. Retrieved 1 May 2021. Irma Grivot (Marie-Hermine of Jesus) )
  4. ^ a b "Saints and Blessed". Franciscan Missionaries of Mary. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  5. ^ a b "7 Martyrs". Franciscan Missionaries of Mary. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  6. ^ Ding. Holy Spirit Study Centre. 2000. p. 47.
  7. ^ owner, No (12 November 2013). "Dirks". resources.huygens.knaw.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  8. ^ "120 Martyrs of China". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Boxer Rebellion | Significance, Combatants, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  10. ^ "The 7 Martyrs of Taiyuan-Fu, China". Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, Malaysia-Singapore Province. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2021.

Further reading[edit]

  • Life of Mother Marie-Hermine of Jesus, Massacred in Shan-si (China) July 9th, 1900, Anonymous, published 1910, full text; reprinted 2018, Forgotten Books, ISBN 978-0364655511
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