Arthur Emmons Raymond: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
mNo edit summary
m cap, rm unencyclopedic details
 
(15 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{for|the American baseball pitcher|Bugs Raymond}}
{{otherpeople2|Arthur Raymond}}
{{ref improve|date=February 2013}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox scientist
⚫
'''Arthur Emmons Raymond''' (March 24, 1899 in [[Boston]] [[Massachusetts]] – March 22, 1999 in [[Santa Monica]], [[California]]) was an aeronautical engineer who led the team that designed the [[DC-3]].
| honorific_prefix =
⚫
| name = Arthur Emmons Raymond
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = <!--(filename only, i.e. without "File:" prefix)-->
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank -->
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = <!-- if different from "name" -->
| birth_date = {{birth date|1899|03|24}}
| birth_place = [[Boston]]
| death_date = {{death date and age |1999|03|22|1899|03|24}}
| death_place = [[Santa Monica, California]]
| death_cause = <!-- should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability -->
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}-->
| other_names =
| siglum =
| pronounce =
| citizenship = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| nationality = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| fields = [[Aeronautical Engineering]]
| workplaces = [[Douglas Aircraft Company]], [[Rand Corporation]]
| patrons =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Harvard University]], [[MIT]]
| thesis_title = <!--(or | thesis1_title = and | thesis2_title = )-->
| thesis_url = <!--(or | thesis1_url = and | thesis2_url = )-->
| thesis_year = <!--(or | thesis1_year = and | thesis2_year = )-->
| doctoral_advisor = <!--(or | doctoral_advisors = )-->
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| spouse = <!--(or | spouses = )-->
| partner = <!--(or | partners = )-->
| children =
| parents =
| father =
| mother =
| relatives =
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature_type = <!--(defaults to "Signature")-->
| signature_alt =
| website = <!--{{URL|www.example.com}}-->
| footnotes =
⚫
}}


⚫
'''Arthur Emmons Raymond''' (March 24, 1899, in [[Boston]] [[Massachusetts]] – March 22, 1999, in [[Santa Monica]], [[California]]) was an aeronautical engineer who led the team that designed the [[DC-3]].
⚫
Raymond grew up in [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]], [[California]], the son of the owner of a luxury hotel. He completed a B.A. at [[Harvard University]], and a M.S.<ref>[http://library.mit.edu/item/000829784 Entry from MIT library archive.]</ref> in aeronautical engineering at [[MIT]] in 1921.


⚫
Raymond grew up in [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]], [[California]], the son of the owner of a luxury hotel. He completed a B.A. at [[Harvard University]], and a M.S.<ref>[http://library.mit.edu/item/000829784 Entry from MIT library archive.]</ref> in aeronautical engineering at [[MIT]] in 1921.
Raymond spent his entire career at the [[Douglas Aircraft Company]]. Beginning as a metal fitter, he rose to the rank of Chief Engineer, contributing to the design of all Douglas airliners from the [[DC-2]] to the [[DC-8]]. During [[World War II]], he helped managed the huge effort that produced tens of thousands of aircraft for that war.


Raymond is best known as the lead designer of the [[DC-3]], "The Plane That Changed the World," the first airliner that could break even hauling passengers without a government subsidy and without carrying mail. The military equivalent of the DC-3 was the [[C-47 Skytrain|C-47]]. In Europe, the DC-3 was known as the "Dakota." Raymond's grandson Stephen has said: "In the DC-3, he did almost everything. He knew every bolt and screw in that plane." About 10,600 DC-3s and C-47s were eventually built between 1934 and 1945, making it the most produced airliner of all time. At the time of Raymond's death, about 2,000 DC-3s were still flying and about 400 were still in commercial service.
Raymond spent his entire career at the [[Douglas Aircraft Company]]. Beginning as a metal fitter, he rose to the rank of chief engineer, contributing to the design of all Douglas airliners from the [[DC-1]] to the [[DC-8]]. During [[World War II]], he helped managed the huge effort that produced tens of thousands of aircraft for that war.
Raymond is best known as the lead designer of the [[DC-3]], "The Plane That Changed the World," the first airliner that could break even hauling passengers without a government subsidy and without carrying mail. The military equivalent of the DC-3 was the [[C-47 Skytrain|C-47]]. In Europe, the DC-3 was known as the "Dakota." Raymond's grandson Stephen has said: "In the DC-3, he did almost everything. He knew every bolt and screw in that plane." About 10,600 DC-3s and C-47s were eventually built between 1934 and 1945, making it the most produced airliner of all time. At the time of Raymond's death, about 2,000 DC-3s were still flying and about 400 were still in commercial service.


After retiring from Douglas in 1960, [[NASA]] put Raymond in charge of supervising the outside contractors on [[Project Gemini]] and [[Project Apollo]] until 1969. When Boeing and other aerospace firms proposed in the late 1960s to build a supersonic airliner with substantial subsidies from the US government, Raymond argued that the plane was not commercially viable. The USA government ceased subsidizing the design of the American [[supersonic transport]] in 1971, whereupon it died.
After retiring from Douglas in 1960, [[NASA]] put Raymond in charge of supervising the outside contractors on [[Project Gemini]] and [[Project Apollo]] until 1969. When Boeing and other aerospace firms proposed in the late 1960s to build a supersonic airliner with substantial subsidies from the US government, Raymond argued that the plane was not commercially viable. The USA government ceased subsidizing the design of the American [[supersonic transport]] in 1971, whereupon it died.


At the end of WWII, Raymond proposed to the [[USAF]] that they create an organization to think about intercontinental warfare. That organization became the [[Rand Corporation]], of which he was a founding member. He was also a founding member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nae.edu/About/leadership/57773.aspx |title=Founding members of the National Academy of Engineering |publisher=[[National Academy of Engineering]] |accessdate={{Format date|2012|10|21}}}}</ref> In 1991 he received the [[National Air and Space Museum]] Lifetime Achievement Trophy.
At the end of World War II, Raymond proposed to the [[USAF]] that they create an organization to think about intercontinental warfare. That organization became the [[Rand Corporation]], of which he was a founding member. He was also a founding member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nae.edu/About/leadership/57773.aspx |title=Founding members of the National Academy of Engineering |publisher=[[National Academy of Engineering]] |accessdate={{Format date|2012|10|21}}}}</ref> In 1991 he received the [[National Air and Space Museum]] Lifetime Achievement Trophy.


He died just 2 days before his 100th birthday.
He died at age 99.


Stephen Raymond said of his grandfather: "He was always known as the kind of person who spoke truth to power. They depended on him to unearth the things that were wrong from the [[Spinmeister|spinmeisters]] who were saying everything was dandy." <ref>[http://www.mishalov.com/Raymond.html Obituary from ''New York Times'']</ref>
Stephen Raymond said of his grandfather: "He was always known as the kind of person who spoke truth to power. They depended on him to unearth the things that were wrong from the [[spinmeister]]s who were saying everything was dandy."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mishalov.com/Raymond.html |title=Obituary from ''New York Times'' |access-date=2004-11-23 |archive-date=2017-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118061607/http://www.mishalov.com/Raymond.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 21: Line 78:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.rand.org/about/history/ RAND Corporation history page]
* [https://www.rand.org/about/history/ RAND Corporation history page]
* [http://www.mishalov.com/Raymond.html Obituary from ''New York Times'']
* [http://www.mishalov.com/Raymond.html Obituary from ''New York Times''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118061607/http://www.mishalov.com/Raymond.html |date=2017-01-18 }}

{{authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
⚫
| NAME = Raymond, Arthur E.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American scientist
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 24, 1899
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = March 22, 1999
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Raymond, Arthur E.}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Raymond, Arthur E.}}
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:American aerospace engineers]]
[[Category:American aerospace engineers]]
⚫
[[Category:American academics]]
[[Category:American scientists]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:MIT School of Engineering alumni]]
[[Category:Founding members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:Founding members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century American engineers]]

Latest revision as of 13:54, 15 March 2024

For other people named Arthur Raymond, see Arthur Raymond (disambiguation).
Arthur Emmons Raymond
Born(1899-03-24)March 24, 1899
Boston
DiedMarch 22, 1999(1999-03-22) (aged 99)
Santa Monica, California
Alma materHarvard University, MIT
Scientific career
FieldsAeronautical Engineering
InstitutionsDouglas Aircraft Company, Rand Corporation

Arthur Emmons Raymond (March 24, 1899, in Boston Massachusetts – March 22, 1999, in Santa Monica, California) was an aeronautical engineer who led the team that designed the DC-3.

Raymond grew up in Pasadena, California, the son of the owner of a luxury hotel. He completed a B.A. at Harvard University, and a M.S.[1] in aeronautical engineering at MIT in 1921.

Raymond spent his entire career at the Douglas Aircraft Company. Beginning as a metal fitter, he rose to the rank of chief engineer, contributing to the design of all Douglas airliners from the DC-1 to the DC-8. During World War II, he helped managed the huge effort that produced tens of thousands of aircraft for that war.

Raymond is best known as the lead designer of the DC-3, "The Plane That Changed the World," the first airliner that could break even hauling passengers without a government subsidy and without carrying mail. The military equivalent of the DC-3 was the C-47. In Europe, the DC-3 was known as the "Dakota." Raymond's grandson Stephen has said: "In the DC-3, he did almost everything. He knew every bolt and screw in that plane." About 10,600 DC-3s and C-47s were eventually built between 1934 and 1945, making it the most produced airliner of all time. At the time of Raymond's death, about 2,000 DC-3s were still flying and about 400 were still in commercial service.

After retiring from Douglas in 1960, NASA put Raymond in charge of supervising the outside contractors on Project Gemini and Project Apollo until 1969. When Boeing and other aerospace firms proposed in the late 1960s to build a supersonic airliner with substantial subsidies from the US government, Raymond argued that the plane was not commercially viable. The USA government ceased subsidizing the design of the American supersonic transport in 1971, whereupon it died.

At the end of World War II, Raymond proposed to the USAF that they create an organization to think about intercontinental warfare. That organization became the Rand Corporation, of which he was a founding member. He was also a founding member of the National Academy of Engineering.[2] In 1991 he received the National Air and Space Museum Lifetime Achievement Trophy.

He died at age 99.

Stephen Raymond said of his grandfather: "He was always known as the kind of person who spoke truth to power. They depended on him to unearth the things that were wrong from the spinmeisters who were saying everything was dandy."[3]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Entry from MIT library archive.
  2. ^ "Founding members of the National Academy of Engineering". National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  3. ^ "Obituary from New York Times". Archived from the original on 2017-01-18. Retrieved 2004-11-23.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Emmons_Raymond&oldid=1213848557"