Achalinus formosanus: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
| image = Achalinus formosanus formosanus full body shot.jpg
| image = Achalinus formosanus formosanus full body shot.jpg
| image_caption = ''Achalinus formosanus formosanus''
| image_caption = ''Achalinus formosanus formosanus''
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite journal | authors = Zhou, Z. & Lau, M. | title = ''Achalinus formosanus'' | journal = [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume= 2012 | page = e.T192148A2047257 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | year = 2012 | doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T192148A2047257.en}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Zhou, Z. |author2=Lau, M. |author3=Kidera, N. |author4=Ota, H. |date=2017 |title=''Achalinus formosanus'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T192148A96878672 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T192148A96878672.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
| taxon = Achalinus formosanus
| taxon = Achalinus formosanus
| authority = [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1908<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Boulenger |first1=G. A. |year=1908 |title=Description of a new frog and a new snake from Formosa |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=221–222 |doi= |url=http://biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/15774}}</ref>
| authority = [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1908<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Boulenger |first1=G. A. |year=1908 |title=Description of a new frog and a new snake from Formosa |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=221–222 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/15774}}</ref>
| range_map = Achalinus formosanus distribution.png
| range_map = Achalinus formosanus distribution.png
| synonyms = ''Achalinopsis sauteri'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1913</small>
| synonyms = ''Achalinopsis sauteri'' <small>[[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1913</small>
}}
}}

'''''Achalinus formosanus''''', common name '''Formosan odd-scaled snake''' or '''Taiwan burrowing snake''', is a non-venomous snake in family [[Xenodermatidae]]<ref>In earlier classifications sometimes still in use, subfamily [[Xenodermatinae]], family [[Colubridae]]. See e.g. {{ITIS|id=700178 |taxon=Xenodontinae Cope, 1895 |accessdate=1 November 2015}}</ref> that is found in [[Taiwan]] and in the southern [[Ryukyu Islands]] (Japan).<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Achalinus |species=formosanus |accessdate=1 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=SoT>{{cite web|authors=Hans Breuer & William Christopher Murphy |date=2009–2010 |url= http://www.snakesoftaiwan.com/Achalinus%20formosanus/species_achalinus_formosanus.htm |title=''Achalinus formosanus formosanus''|work=Snakes of Taiwan |accessdate=1 November 2015}}</ref>
'''''Achalinus formosanus''''', common name '''Formosan odd-scaled snake''' or '''Taiwan burrowing snake''', is a non-venomous snake in family [[Xenodermidae]]<ref>In earlier classifications sometimes still in use, subfamily [[Xenodermatinae]], family [[Colubridae]]. See e.g. {{ITIS|id=700178 |taxon=Xenodontinae Cope, 1895 |accessdate=1 November 2015}}</ref> that is found in [[Taiwan]] and in the southern [[Ryukyu Islands]] (Japan).<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /><ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Achalinus |species=formosanus |accessdate=1 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=SoT>{{cite web|author=Hans Breuer|author2=William Christopher Murphy|name-list-style=amp|date=2009–2010|url=http://www.snakesoftaiwan.com/Achalinus%20formosanus/species_achalinus_formosanus.htm|title=''Achalinus formosanus formosanus''|work=Snakes of Taiwan|access-date=1 November 2015|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225193446/http://www.snakesoftaiwan.com/Achalinus%20formosanus/species_achalinus_formosanus.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
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==Habitat and conservation==
==Habitat and conservation==
''Achalinus formosanus formosanus'' are found in montane humid forests, where they live in dark, wet micro-habitats such as the forest floor, rotten wood, and leaf litter.<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=SoT/> ''Achalinus formosanus chigirai'' have been collected in on a road at night and in a limestone cave in the daytime<ref name=OtaToyama/> as well as in low grass along a path in the evening and on forest floor at night.<ref name=OtaToyama-b/>
''Achalinus formosanus formosanus'' are found in montane humid forests, where they live in dark, wet micro-habitats such as the forest floor, rotten wood, and [[leaf litter]].<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /><ref name=SoT/> ''Achalinus formosanus chigirai'' have been collected in on a road at night and in a limestone cave in the daytime<ref name=OtaToyama/> as well as in low grass along a path in the evening and on forest floor at night.<ref name=OtaToyama-b/>


No significant threats are known.<ref name=IUCN/> It is not a protected species in Taiwan,<ref name=SoT/> but ''Achalinus formosanus chigirai'' is classified as "near threatened" in Japan.<ref name=RDB/>
No significant threats are known.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> It is not a protected species in Taiwan,<ref name=SoT/> but ''Achalinus formosanus chigirai'' is classified as "near threatened" in Japan.<ref name=RDB/>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


{{Taxonbar}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2822985}}


[[Category:Xenodermatidae]]
[[Category:Xenodermidae]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Japan]]
[[Category:Snakes of Asia]]
[[Category:Snakes of Japan]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1908]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1908]]
[[Category:Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger]]

Latest revision as of 13:48, 20 March 2024

Achalinus formosanus
Achalinus formosanus formosanus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Xenodermidae
Genus: Achalinus
Species:
A. formosanus
Binomial name
Achalinus formosanus
Synonyms

Achalinopsis sauteri Steindachner, 1913

Achalinus formosanus, common name Formosan odd-scaled snake or Taiwan burrowing snake, is a non-venomous snake in family Xenodermidae[3] that is found in Taiwan and in the southern Ryukyu Islands (Japan).[1][4][5]

Taxonomy[edit]

There are two subspecies:[4]

  • Achalinus formosanus formosanus Boulenger, 1908 — Taiwan
  • Achalinus formosanus chigirai Ota and Toyama, 1989 — Ryukyu Islands[6]

Specific name formosanus means "from Formosa", referring to the fact that this species was first described from a specimen from Taiwan.[4] chigirai refers to Yoshinori Chigira, who collected the first specimen of Achalinus formosanus chigirai.[6]

Achalinus formosanus formosanus is ecologically and morphologically similar to the Taiwan endemic Achalinus niger;[7] the two differ in some scale counts and characteristics.[6] A study using genetic markers found these two taxa to be overlapping, warranting further studies on their taxonomy.[7]

Distribution[edit]

Achalinus formosanus formosanus is known from central and southern Taiwan at elevations of 1,000–2,000 m (3,300–6,600 ft) asl.[5] Achalinus formosanus chigirai occurs at low altitudes (below 200 m (660 ft)) on the Iriomote-jima and Ishigaki Islands, both belonging to the Yaeyama Group.[8]

Description[edit]

Achalinus formosanus is a small snake growing to a total length of about 90 cm (35 in). The whole body is iridescent under light. Head is small, oval, and without distinct neck. Body is slender and tail is moderately short. Eyes are small, bead-like; iris is black and indistinct. Upper head, body and tail is uniform olive, grayish tan, or black. Mid-dorsal row of scales on body and tail show a dark longitudinal line. Ventral surface is olive-yellow or dark gray. The young are usually black.[5]

Behaviour[edit]

It is a nocturnal, terrestrial snake that probably preys on earthworms, slugs, and frogs. It is non-venomous and not aggressive. It is oviparous.[5]

Habitat and conservation[edit]

Achalinus formosanus formosanus are found in montane humid forests, where they live in dark, wet micro-habitats such as the forest floor, rotten wood, and leaf litter.[1][5] Achalinus formosanus chigirai have been collected in on a road at night and in a limestone cave in the daytime[6] as well as in low grass along a path in the evening and on forest floor at night.[8]

No significant threats are known.[1] It is not a protected species in Taiwan,[5] but Achalinus formosanus chigirai is classified as "near threatened" in Japan.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Zhou, Z.; Lau, M.; Kidera, N.; Ota, H. (2017). "Achalinus formosanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T192148A96878672. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T192148A96878672.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ Boulenger, G. A. (1908). "Description of a new frog and a new snake from Formosa". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 8 (2): 221–222.
  3. ^ In earlier classifications sometimes still in use, subfamily Xenodermatinae, family Colubridae. See e.g. "Xenodontinae Cope, 1895". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d Achalinus formosanus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 1 November 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Hans Breuer & William Christopher Murphy (2009–2010). "Achalinus formosanus formosanus". Snakes of Taiwan. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d Ota, Hidetoshi; Toyama, Masanao (1989). "Taxonomic re-definition of Achalinus formosanus Boulenger (Xenoderminae: Colubridae: Ophidia), with description of a new subspecies". Copeia. 1989 (3): 597–602. doi:10.2307/1445485. JSTOR 1445485.
  7. ^ a b Shie, Jia-Rung (2006). Phylogeography of Odd-scaled Snake Achalinus in Taiwan (PDF). Masters thesis, National Sun Yat-sen University. p. 53.
  8. ^ a b Ota, Hidetoshi; Toyama, Masanao (1989). "Two additional specimens of Achalinus formosanus chigirai (Colubridae: Ophidia) from the Yaeyama Group, Ryukyu Archipelago". Japanese Journal of Herpetology. 13 (2): 40–43.
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