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{{Short description|Spanish canon regular and inquisitor}}
{{Infobox saint
{{Infobox saint
|honorific_prefix = [[Canonization|Saint]]
|honorific_prefix = [[Canonization|Saint]]
|name = Pedro de Arbués
|name = Pedro de Arbués
|honorific_suffix = [[Canons regular|Can. Reg.]]
|honorific_suffix = [[Canons regular|CanReg]]
|image = Bartolome murillo-pedro arbues.jpg
|image = Bartolome murillo-pedro arbues.jpg
|imagesize =
|imagesize =
|caption = ''Death of the Inquisitor Pedro de Arbués'' (1664), by [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo|Murillo]] ([[Hermitage Museum]], [[Saint Petersburg]]).
|caption = ''Death of the Inquisitor Pedro de Arbués'' (1664), by [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo|Murillo]] ([[Hermitage Museum]], [[Saint Petersburg]]).
|titles = Priest; Martyr
|titles = [[Martyr]]
|birth_date = ca. 1441
|birth_date = ca. 1441
|birth_place = [[Épila]], [[Kingdom of Aragon]]
|birth_place = [[Épila]], [[Kingdom of Aragon]]
|death_date = 17 September 1485 (aged 44)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com/voz.asp?voz_id=1200|title=Arbués, Pedro de|publisher=Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa|date=|accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>
|death_date = 17 September 1485 (aged 44)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com/voz.asp?voz_id=1200|title=Arbués, Pedro de|publisher=Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa|date=|accessdate=20 September 2017|archive-date=7 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707010102/http://www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com/voz.asp?voz_id=1200|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|death_place = [[Zaragoza]], Kingdom of Aragon
|death_place = [[Zaragoza]], Kingdom of Aragon
|feast_day = 17 September
|feast_day = 17 September
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|canonized_by = [[Pope Pius IX]]
|canonized_by = [[Pope Pius IX]]
|major_shrine = [[La Seo Cathedral|Cathedral of the Savior]], Zaragoza, [[Spain]]
|major_shrine = [[La Seo Cathedral|Cathedral of the Savior]], Zaragoza, [[Spain]]
|attributes = {{unbulleted list|Religious habit|Palm|Sword}}
|attributes =
|patronage = {{unbulleted list|Flu sufferers}}
|patronage =
|issues =
|issues =
|suppressed_date =
|suppressed_date =
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}}
}}


'''Pedro de Arbués''' (c. 1441 – 17 September 1485) was a [[Spanish people|Spanish]] [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[priest]] and a professed [[Canons regular|Augustinian canon]].<ref name=SQPN>{{cite web|url=http://catholicsaints.info/saint-peter-arbues/|title=Saint Peter Arbues|date=19 September 2017|publisher=Saints SQPN|accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref> He served as an official of the [[Spanish Inquisition]] until he was [[Assassination|assassinated]] in the [[La Seo Cathedral]] in [[Zaragoza]] in 1485 allegedly by [[Jews]] and [[converso|conversos]].<ref name="NA">{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11772b.htm|author=Anthony Allaria|title=St. Peter of Arbues|publisher=The Catholic Encyclopedia: Vol. 11 New York: Robert Appleton Company|date=1911|accessdate=2 May 2015}}</ref> The veneration of him came swiftly through popular acclaim. His death greatly assisted the [[Grand Inquisitor|Inquisitor-General]] [[Tomás de Torquemada]]'s campaign against [[heresy|heretics]] and [[crypto-Judaism|crypto-Jews]].
'''Pedro de Arbués''', also known as ''Peter of Arbués'' (c. 1441 – 17 September 1485) was a [[Spanish people|Spanish]] [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[priest]] and a professed [[Canons regular|Augustinian canon]].<ref name=SQPN>{{cite web|url=http://catholicsaints.info/saint-peter-arbues/|title=Saint Peter Arbues|date=19 September 2017|publisher=Saints SQPN|accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref> He served as an official of the [[Spanish Inquisition]] until he was [[Assassination|assassinated]] in the [[La Seo Cathedral]] in [[Zaragoza]] in 1485 by [[Jews]] and [[converso]]s.<ref name="NA">{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11772b.htm|author=Anthony Allaria|title=St. Peter of Arbues|publisher=The Catholic Encyclopedia: Vol. 11 New York: Robert Appleton Company|date=1911|accessdate=2 May 2015}}</ref> The veneration of him came swiftly through popular acclaim. His death greatly assisted the [[Grand Inquisitor|Inquisitor-General]] [[Tomás de Torquemada]]'s campaign against [[heresy|heretics]] and [[crypto-Judaism|crypto-Jews]]. His canonization was celebrated on 29 June 1867.<ref name=SEB>{{cite web|url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91755|title=Saint Peter Arbues|publisher=Santi e Beati|date=|accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>

His canonization was celebrated on 29 June 1867.<ref name=SEB>{{cite web|url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91755|title=Saint Peter Arbues|publisher=Santi e Beati|date=|accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>


==Life==
==Life==
Pedro de Arbués was born at [[Épila]] in the region of [[Zaragoza]] to the [[nobleman]] Antonio de Arbués and Sancia Ruiz.<ref name=SEB/>
Pedro de Arbués was born at [[Épila]] in the region of [[Zaragoza]] to the [[nobleman]] Antonio de Arbués and Sancia Ruiz.<ref name=SEB/>


He studied [[philosophy]] perhaps in [[Huesca]] but later travelled to [[Bologna]] on a scholarship to the [[Collegio di Spagna|Spanish College of Saint Clement]] which was part of the [[University of Bologna|Bologna college]]. He obtained his doctorate in 1473 while he served as a professor of moral philosophical studies or ethics.<ref name=NA/> Upon his return to Spain he became a member of the [[cathedral chapter]] of the [[canons regular]] at La Seo where he made his [[profession (religious)|religious profession]] in 1474.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=SEB/>
He studied [[philosophy]] perhaps in [[Huesca]] but later travelled to [[Bologna]] on a scholarship to the [[Collegio di Spagna|Spanish College of Saint Clement]] which was part of the [[University of Bologna|Bologna college]]. He obtained his doctorate in 1473 while he served as a professor of moral philosophical studies or ethics.<ref name=NA/> Upon his return to Spain he became a member of the [[cathedral chapter]] of the [[canons regular]] at La Seo where he made his [[profession (religious)|religious profession]] in 1474.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=SEB/>


At around that time [[Ferdinand and Isabella]] had obtained from [[Pope Sixtus IV]] a [[papal bull]] to establish in their kingdom a tribunal for searching out [[heretics]], Inquisition had been first stablished in Spain in Aragón, 14th century, to counteract the [[Catharism]] heresy. Those [[Jews]] who had received [[baptism]] were known as [[Converso|conversos]]; some might have continued to practice [[Judaism]] in secret, called 'judaizantes'.<ref name=NA/><ref name=SEB/> [[Tomás de Torquemada]], a 'converso' surname, was in 1483 appointed as the Grand Inquisitor for [[Crown of Castile|Castile]]. Espina, confessor of Isabella, was formerly a rabin. He then appointed Arbués and Pedro Gaspar Juglar as Inquisitors Provincial in the [[Kingdom of Aragon]] on 4 May 1484. Their work was opposed by converts and people who saw it as a threat to their freedoms.<ref name=NA/><ref name=SQPN/>
At around that time [[Ferdinand and Isabella]] had obtained from [[Pope Sixtus IV]] a [[papal bull]] to establish in their kingdom a tribunal for searching out [[heretics]], the Inquisition had been first established in Spain in Aragón, 14th century, to counteract the [[Catharism]] heresy. Those [[Jews]] who had received [[baptism]] were known as [[converso]]s; some might have continued to practice [[Judaism]] in secret, called 'judaizantes'.<ref name=NA/><ref name=SEB/> [[Tomás de Torquemada]], a [[Marrano]] surname, was in 1483 appointed as the Grand Inquisitor for [[Crown of Castile|Castile]]. Espina, confessor of Isabella, was formerly a rabin. Torquemada then appointed Arbués and Pedro Gaspar Juglar as Inquisitors Provincial in the [[Kingdom of Aragon]] on 4 May 1484. Their work was opposed by converts and people who saw it as a threat to their freedoms.<ref name=NA/><ref name=SQPN/>


On 14 September 1485 Pedro was attacked in the cathedral as he knelt before the altar and had been wearing armour since he knew his work posed great risks.<ref name=NA/> Despite wearing a helmet and chain mail he died from his wounds on 17 September. His remains were entombed in a special chapel dedicated to him.<ref name=SQPN/>
On 14 September 1485 Pedro was attacked in the cathedral as he knelt before the altar and had been wearing armour since he knew his work posed great risks.<ref name=NA/> Despite wearing a helmet and [[chain mail]] under the tunic he died from his wounds on 17 September. His remains were entombed in a special chapel dedicated to him.<ref name=SQPN/>


The Inquisition was opposed in [[Aragon]] as it was seen as an imperial attack on the charters, privileges and local laws. The most powerful families among the converted Jews: the Sánchez, Montesa, Paterno and Santangel families seem to have been involved in the murder.<ref name="SEB" />
The Inquisition was unpopular in [[Aragon]] as it was seen as a Castilian attack on the charters, privileges and local laws. The most powerful families among the converted Jews: the Sánchez, Montesa, Abadía (AbdYah), Paterno and Santangel families seem to have been involved in funding the murder.<ref name="SEB" />


As a result, a popular movement against the Jews arose in which nine were executed, two killed themselves, thirteen were burnt in effigy, and four punished for complicity, from 30 June to 15 December 1486, according to the historian [[Jerónimo Zurita]]. [[Leonardo Sciascia]] in ''Morte dell'inquisitore'' (1964) writes that Arbués along with Juan Lopez Cisneros (d. 1657) are "the only two cases of inquisitors who died assassinated".<ref name="SEB" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1725-arbues-pedro|title=ARBUES, Pedro|author=Richard Gottheil, Meyer Kayserling and William Milwitzky|accessdate=20 September 2017|encyclopedia=Jewish Encyclopedia}}</ref>
As a result, a popular movement against the Jews arose in which nine were executed, two killed themselves, thirteen were burnt in effigy, and four punished for complicity, from 30 June to 15 December 1486, according to the historian [[Jerónimo Zurita]]. [[Leonardo Sciascia]] in ''Morte dell'inquisitore'' (1964) writes that Arbués along with Juan Lopez de Cisneros (d. 1657)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.italymagazine.com/italy/sicily/palermo-opens-cell-which-monk-murdered-inquisitor | title=Palermo opens cell in which monk murdered inquisitor |website=ITALY Magazine |date= Oct 8, 2007 |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> are "the only two cases of inquisitors who died assassinated".<ref name="SEB" /><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1725-arbues-pedro|title=ARBUES, Pedro|author=Richard Gottheil, Meyer Kayserling and William Milwitzky|accessdate=20 September 2017|encyclopedia=Jewish Encyclopedia}}</ref>


==Sainthood==
==Sainthood==
[[Image:Martirio de San Pedro Arbués - Franceso Cecchini.jpg|thumb|The ''Martyrdom of Saint Peter of Arbués'' - Francesco Cecchini (late 17th century).]]
[[Image:Martirio de San Pedro Arbués - Franceso Cecchini.jpg|thumb|The ''Martyrdom of Saint Peter of Arbués'' - Francesco Cecchini (late 17th century).]]
⚫
[[Pope Alexander VII]] beatified Pedro de Arbués in [[Rome]] on 20 April 1664. His canonization was celebrated on 29 June 1867 among protests from Jews and Christians. [[Pope Pius IX]] said in the document formalizing the canonization ''(Maiorem caritatem)'': "The divine wisdom has arranged that in these sad days, when Jews help the enemies of the church with their books and money, this decree of sanctity has been brought to fulfillment".<ref>{{cite news|author=Garry Wills|title=The Popes Against the Jews: Before the Holocaust|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|date=23 September 2001|url=http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/Religion/popesagainstjews.html|accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>
[[Pope Alexander VII]] beatified the late priest in [[Rome]] on 20 April 1664.

⚫
His canonization was celebrated on 29 June 1867 among protests from Jews and Christians. [[Pope Pius IX]] said in the document formalizing the canonization (''Maiorem caritatem''): "The divine wisdom has arranged that in these sad days, when Jews help the enemies of the church with their books and money, this decree of sanctity has been brought to fulfillment".<ref>{{cite news|author=Garry Wills|title=The Popes Against the Jews: Before the Holocaust"|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|date=23 September 2001|url=http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/Religion/popesagainstjews.html|accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Marrano]]
* [[Konrad von Marburg]]
* [[Peter of Verona]]


==Notes and references==
==Notes and references==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commonscat|Pedro Arbués}}
{{Commons category|Pedro Arbués}}
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Arbués, Pedro |short=x}}
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Arbués, Pedro |short=x}}
* [http://catholicsaints.info/saint-peter-arbues/ Saints SQPN]
* [http://catholicsaints.info/saint-peter-arbues/ Saints SQPN]
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{{Portal bar|Saints|Biography|Catholicism|Spain|History}}
{{Portal bar|Saints|Biography|Catholicism|Spain|History}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arbues, Pedro de}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arbues, Pedro de}}
[[Category:1440s births]]
[[Category:1440s births]]
[[Category:1485 deaths]]
[[Category:1485 deaths]]
[[Category:15th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:15th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:15th-century people from the Kingdom of Aragon]]
[[Category:15th-century Aragonese Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:15th-century Roman Catholic martyrs]]
[[Category:15th-century Roman Catholic martyrs]]
[[Category:15th-century Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Canonizations by Pope Pius IX]]
[[Category:Canonizations by Pope Pius IX]]
[[Category:Burials at the Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza]]
[[Category:Burials at the Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza]]
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[[Category:Inquisitors]]
[[Category:Inquisitors]]
[[Category:Martyred Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Martyred Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:People from Zaragoza]]
[[Category:Clergy from Zaragoza]]
[[Category:Spanish Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Spanish Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:Spanish Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:University of Bologna alumni]]
[[Category:University of Bologna alumni]]
[[Category:Beatifications by Pope Alexander VII]]

Latest revision as of 21:49, 24 March 2024

Saint

Pedro de Arbués

CanReg
Death of the Inquisitor Pedro de Arbués (1664), by Murillo (Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg).
Martyr
Bornca. 1441
Épila, Kingdom of Aragon
Died17 September 1485 (aged 44)[1]
Zaragoza, Kingdom of Aragon
Venerated inRoman Catholic Church
Beatified20 April 1664, Saint Peter's Basilica, Papal States by Pope Alexander VII
Canonized29 June 1867, Saint Peter's Basilica, Papal States by Pope Pius IX
Major shrineCathedral of the Savior, Zaragoza, Spain
Feast17 September

Pedro de Arbués, also known as Peter of Arbués (c. 1441 – 17 September 1485) was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest and a professed Augustinian canon.[2] He served as an official of the Spanish Inquisition until he was assassinated in the La Seo Cathedral in Zaragoza in 1485 by Jews and conversos.[3] The veneration of him came swiftly through popular acclaim. His death greatly assisted the Inquisitor-General Tomás de Torquemada's campaign against heretics and crypto-Jews. His canonization was celebrated on 29 June 1867.[4]

Life[edit]

Pedro de Arbués was born at Épila in the region of Zaragoza to the nobleman Antonio de Arbués and Sancia Ruiz.[4]

He studied philosophy perhaps in Huesca but later travelled to Bologna on a scholarship to the Spanish College of Saint Clement which was part of the Bologna college. He obtained his doctorate in 1473 while he served as a professor of moral philosophical studies or ethics.[3] Upon his return to Spain he became a member of the cathedral chapter of the canons regular at La Seo where he made his religious profession in 1474.[2][4]

At around that time Ferdinand and Isabella had obtained from Pope Sixtus IV a papal bull to establish in their kingdom a tribunal for searching out heretics, the Inquisition had been first established in Spain in Aragón, 14th century, to counteract the Catharism heresy. Those Jews who had received baptism were known as conversos; some might have continued to practice Judaism in secret, called 'judaizantes'.[3][4] Tomás de Torquemada, a Marrano surname, was in 1483 appointed as the Grand Inquisitor for Castile. Espina, confessor of Isabella, was formerly a rabin. Torquemada then appointed Arbués and Pedro Gaspar Juglar as Inquisitors Provincial in the Kingdom of Aragon on 4 May 1484. Their work was opposed by converts and people who saw it as a threat to their freedoms.[3][2]

On 14 September 1485 Pedro was attacked in the cathedral as he knelt before the altar and had been wearing armour since he knew his work posed great risks.[3] Despite wearing a helmet and chain mail under the tunic he died from his wounds on 17 September. His remains were entombed in a special chapel dedicated to him.[2]

The Inquisition was unpopular in Aragon as it was seen as a Castilian attack on the charters, privileges and local laws. The most powerful families among the converted Jews: the Sánchez, Montesa, Abadía (AbdYah), Paterno and Santangel families seem to have been involved in funding the murder.[4]

As a result, a popular movement against the Jews arose in which nine were executed, two killed themselves, thirteen were burnt in effigy, and four punished for complicity, from 30 June to 15 December 1486, according to the historian Jerónimo Zurita. Leonardo Sciascia in Morte dell'inquisitore (1964) writes that Arbués along with Juan Lopez de Cisneros (d. 1657)[5] are "the only two cases of inquisitors who died assassinated".[4][6]

Sainthood[edit]

The Martyrdom of Saint Peter of Arbués - Francesco Cecchini (late 17th century).

Pope Alexander VII beatified Pedro de Arbués in Rome on 20 April 1664. His canonization was celebrated on 29 June 1867 among protests from Jews and Christians. Pope Pius IX said in the document formalizing the canonization (Maiorem caritatem): "The divine wisdom has arranged that in these sad days, when Jews help the enemies of the church with their books and money, this decree of sanctity has been brought to fulfillment".[7]

Notes and references[edit]

  1. ^ "Arbués, Pedro de". Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa. Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d "Saint Peter Arbues". Saints SQPN. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e Anthony Allaria (1911). "St. Peter of Arbues". The Catholic Encyclopedia: Vol. 11 New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Saint Peter Arbues". Santi e Beati. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  5. ^ "Palermo opens cell in which monk murdered inquisitor". ITALY Magazine. Oct 8, 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  6. ^ Richard Gottheil, Meyer Kayserling and William Milwitzky. "ARBUES, Pedro". Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  7. ^ Garry Wills (23 September 2001). "The Popes Against the Jews: Before the Holocaust". New York Times. Retrieved 20 September 2017.

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pedro Arbués.
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