Iris palaestina: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
edits
Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
 
(44 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{italic title}}{{taxobox
{{Speciesbox
⚫
|name = ''Iris palaestina''
|image = File:Iris palaestina 2.JPG
|image = Iris palaestina 2.JPG
|genus = Iris
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|display_parents = 2
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|parent = Iris sect. Scorpiris
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
⚫
|species = palaestina
|ordo = [[Asparagales]]
|authority = [[Pierre Edmond Boissier|Boiss]]
|familia = [[Iridaceae]]
|synonyms = {{Species list|Juno palaestina|(Baker) Klatt |Thelysia palaestina|(Baker) Mattei |Xiphion palaestinum|Baker}}
|subfamilia = [[Iridoideae]]
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=Juno palaestina | url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-322199| publisher=www.theplantlist.org |accessdate=3 September 2014}}</ref>
|tribus = [[Irideae]]
|genus = ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]''
|subgenus = ''[[Iris subg. Scorpiris|Scorpiris]]''
|species = '''''Iris palaestina'''''
|binomial = ''Iris palaestina''
|binomial_authority = [[Pierre Edmond Boissier|Boiss]] & [[George François Reuter|Reut.]]
|synonyms = 'Iris Fontanesii' (Baker), 'Xiphion Fontanesii' (Baker), 'Iris xiphium' (Desf)
}}
}}

'''''Iris palaestina''''' (also commonly known as the ''Morocco iris''<ref name=plantfiles/> or ''Tangerian Iris''<ref name=rhs/> or ''Tangiers Iris''<ref>Donald Wyman {{Google books| XSExQDJtQ7AC|Wyman's Gardening Encyclopedia|page=577}}</ref>). It is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Xiphium|Xiphium]].
'''''Iris palaestina''''' (sometimes '''''Iris palestina''''') is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'' in the subgenus [[Iris subg. Scorpiris|''Scorpiris'']]. It is a [[bulbous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]] from Asia, including the [[Palestine (region)#Flora distribution|Palestine region]] (Israel, the Palestinian Territories and Jordan), Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. It has long, narrow, strap-like leaves, and a short stem. The early blooming, fragrant flowers are greenish-grey/white or yellow-white.
⚫
[[File:Iris palaestina near Jerusalem.jpg|thumb|Iris palaestina near [[Jerusalem]]]]

==Description==
''Iris palestina'' has {{convert|1-1.5|in|abbr=on}} [[ovoid]] brown bulbs.<ref name=flowersisrael/><ref name=Lynch/>

Most specimens have up to six leaves,<ref name=wildflower/> which are {{convert|6|in|abbr=on}} tall at flowering time.<ref name=Lynch/> They are normally about {{convert|1-2|cm|abbr=on}} wide at the base of the plant.<ref name=british>British Iris Society (1997) {{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation |page=255}}</ref> The long, narrow, strap-like leaves have undulate edges<ref name=rare/> with a thin white margin.<ref name=flowersisrael/> They are normally shiny green in color,<ref name=European/> but are glossy on the upper surface.<ref name=flowersisrael/>

It has a short stem which is about {{convert|10-20|cm|abbr=on}} high.<ref name=flowersisrael/>

It has fragrant flowers between January and February.<ref name=Lynch/>
Generally, there are one to three flowers per stem. The flowers are greenish-grey/white,<ref name=alpinegarden/><ref name=cassidy/> but can be yellow-white as well. In southern Israel, some specimens have a slight blue tinge.<ref name=flowersisrael/>

The flowers have winged falls. It has a perianth tube around {{convert|8-18|cm|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=European/>

It has oblong [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]]s and seeds without [[arils]].<ref name=flowersisrael/><ref name=british/>

⚫
[[File:Iris palaestina near Jerusalem.jpg|thumb|''Iris palaestina'' near [[Jerusalem]]]]

==Taxonomy==
It is also known as the Palestine iris,<ref name=flowersisrael>{{cite web|title=Iris palaestina|url=http://www.flowersinisrael.com/Irispalaestina_page.htm|publisher=www.flowersinisrael.com|accessdate=3 September 2014|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608191511/http://flowersinisrael.com/Irispalaestina_page.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it is known in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] as איריס ארץ-ישראלי (iris eretz Israeli).<ref name=wildflower>{{cite web|title=Iris palaestina|url=http://www.wildflowers.co.il/english/plant.asp?ID=62|publisher=www.wildflowers.co.il|accessdate=3 September 2014|archive-date=14 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073722/http://www.wildflowers.co.il/english/plant.asp?ID=62|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Iris palestina'' was first found in [[Mesopotamia]], part of [[Syria]], and it was first published in ''Flora Orientalis'' by [[Pierre Edmond Boissier]] in July 1882.<ref name=kewlist>{{cite web |title=Iris palaestina |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=322199 |publisher=apps.kew.org |accessdate=3 September 2014 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231144843/https://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=322199 |url-status=live }}</ref>

It was originally thought to be a variety of ''[[Iris vartanii]]''.<ref name=Lynch>Richard Lynch {{Google books|grvYTul5CSUC|The Book of the Iris|page=186-187}}</ref> It is similar in form to the better known and more decorative ''[[Iris planifolia]]''.<ref name=alpinegarden>{{cite web|title=Iris palaestina|url=http://encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/Iris/palaestina|publisher=encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/|accessdate=21 August 2014|archive-date=31 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231144845/http://encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/Iris/palaestina?user=none|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Iris palaestina'' is an accepted name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society]].<ref name=rhs>{{cite web |title=Iris palaestina |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/22518/Iris-palaestina/Details |publisher=www.rhs.org.uk |accessdate=21 August 2014 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214142148/https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/22518/Iris-palaestina/Details |url-status=live }}</ref> It was verified by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] and the [[Agricultural Research Service]] on 4 April 2003, and then updated on 1 December 2004.<ref name=grin>{{GRIN | accessdate=13 February 2018}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
It is [[native plant|native]] to temperate Asia.<ref name=grin/>

===Range===
It comes from [[Turkey]], [[Jordan]],<ref name=grin/> [[Syria]],<ref name=kewlist/> [[Lebanon]],<ref name=grin/> (including [[Batha, Lebanon|Batha]]<ref name=flowersisrael/>) and Israel. It was found in [[Golan]], [[Galilee]], Mediterranean coast, northern valleys, [[Mount Carmel|Carmel]], Samarian mountains, Samarian desert, Judean mountains, [[Sharon plain|Sharon]] and [[Shefela]].<ref name=wildflower/>

==Habitat==
It likes open stony soils (with [[sandstone]] material)<ref name=flowersisrael/> at low altitudes.<ref name=british/> Normally it is found at coastal sites but is also common within olive groves.<ref name=alpinegarden/>

==Cultivation==
It is [[Hardiness (plants)|hardy]] to [[Hardiness zone#USDA hardiness zones|USDA Zone 4]].<ref name=European>James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) {{Google books|CkxWrDqtWLQC|The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification|page=260}}</ref>

The iris is not hardy and is generally a poor grower in the UK.<ref name=cassidy>{{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=G.E.| last2=Linnegar |first2=S.|date=1987 |edition=Revised |title= Growing Irises |location=Bromley |publisher=Christopher Helm |pages=145–146 |isbn=0-88192-089-4 }}</ref>
It is better grown in a pot under cover in a [[greenhouse]] or [[bulb frame]]. It should be potted in well-drained, fertile compost and have a summer rest from watering.<ref name=rare>{{cite web| title=Iris palestina| url=http://rareplants.co.uk/product.asp?P_ID=3753&strPageHistory=related| publisher=rareplants.co.uk| accessdate=21 August 2014| archive-url=https://archive.today/20140904174255/http://rareplants.co.uk/product.asp?P_ID=3753&strPageHistory=related| archive-date=4 September 2014| url-status=dead}}</ref>

It can be found and seen in [[Tel Aviv University]] Botanic Garden.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iris palaestina|url=http://botanic.tau.ac.il/?p=1210&lang=en|publisher=botanic.tau.ac.il|accessdate=3 September 2014|archive-date=6 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906064317/http://botanic.tau.ac.il/?p=1210&lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cultural uses==
It has been used as a [[medicinal plant]] in the [[Middle East]] for [[urinary tract infection]]s by boiling the leaves or the rhizomes in water, similar to the use of ''[[Iris pallida]]''.<ref>Ram J. Singh (Editor){{Google books|inqUIXNxU-oC|Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement: Medicinal|page=172}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Other sources==
* Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina Area: 404-410. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
* Feinbrun-Dothan, N. (1986). Flora Palaestina 4: 112-137. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
* Innes, C. (1985). The World of Iridaceae: 1-407. Holly Gare International Ltd., Ashington.
* Post, G.E. (1933). Fl. Syria, Palestine & Sinai 2: 583-604. American Press, Beirut.


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://dhalanghall.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/the-little-beauties-iris.html Various small irises]
*[http://www.bulbsociety.org/GALLERY_OF_THE_WORLDS_BULBS/GRAPHICS/Iris/Iris_palaestina/Iris_palaestina.html Various images of the plant]
*[http://www.treknature.com/gallery/photo268946.htm Large close-up image of the flower]


{{Commons category-inline|Iris palaestina}}
{{Commons category-inline|Iris palaestina}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris palaestina}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris palaestina}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q15572653}}
[[;Category:Iris (plant)|palaestina]]

[[;Category:Plants described in 1853]]
[[;Category:Flora of Spain]]
[[Category:Iris (plant)|palaestina]]
[[;Category:Flora of Gibraltar]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1882]]
[[;Category:Flora of Morocco]]
[[Category:Flora of Lebanon and Syria]]
[[;Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Flora of Palestine (region)]]
[[;Category:Flora of Algiera]]
[[Category:Flora of Turkey]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]

Latest revision as of 05:49, 29 April 2024

Iris palaestina
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Scorpiris
Section: Iris sect. Scorpiris
Species:
I. palaestina
Binomial name
Iris palaestina
Synonyms[1]
  • Juno palaestina (Baker) Klatt
  • Thelysia palaestina (Baker) Mattei
  • Xiphion palaestinum Baker

Iris palaestina (sometimes Iris palestina) is a species in the genus Iris in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Asia, including the Palestine region (Israel, the Palestinian Territories and Jordan), Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. It has long, narrow, strap-like leaves, and a short stem. The early blooming, fragrant flowers are greenish-grey/white or yellow-white.

Description[edit]

Iris palestina has 1–1.5 in (25–38 mm) ovoid brown bulbs.[2][3]

Most specimens have up to six leaves,[4] which are 6 in (150 mm) tall at flowering time.[3] They are normally about 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) wide at the base of the plant.[5] The long, narrow, strap-like leaves have undulate edges[6] with a thin white margin.[2] They are normally shiny green in color,[7] but are glossy on the upper surface.[2]

It has a short stem which is about 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) high.[2]

It has fragrant flowers between January and February.[3] Generally, there are one to three flowers per stem. The flowers are greenish-grey/white,[8][9] but can be yellow-white as well. In southern Israel, some specimens have a slight blue tinge.[2]

The flowers have winged falls. It has a perianth tube around 8–18 cm (3.1–7.1 in) long.[7]

It has oblong capsules and seeds without arils.[2][5]

Iris palaestina near Jerusalem

Taxonomy[edit]

It is also known as the Palestine iris,[2] and it is known in Hebrew as איריס ארץ-ישראלי (iris eretz Israeli).[4]

Iris palestina was first found in Mesopotamia, part of Syria, and it was first published in Flora Orientalis by Pierre Edmond Boissier in July 1882.[10]

It was originally thought to be a variety of Iris vartanii.[3] It is similar in form to the better known and more decorative Iris planifolia.[8]

Iris palaestina is an accepted name by the Royal Horticultural Society.[11] It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, and then updated on 1 December 2004.[12]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

It is native to temperate Asia.[12]

Range[edit]

It comes from Turkey, Jordan,[12] Syria,[10] Lebanon,[12] (including Batha[2]) and Israel. It was found in Golan, Galilee, Mediterranean coast, northern valleys, Carmel, Samarian mountains, Samarian desert, Judean mountains, Sharon and Shefela.[4]

Habitat[edit]

It likes open stony soils (with sandstone material)[2] at low altitudes.[5] Normally it is found at coastal sites but is also common within olive groves.[8]

Cultivation[edit]

It is hardy to USDA Zone 4.[7]

The iris is not hardy and is generally a poor grower in the UK.[9] It is better grown in a pot under cover in a greenhouse or bulb frame. It should be potted in well-drained, fertile compost and have a summer rest from watering.[6]

It can be found and seen in Tel Aviv University Botanic Garden.[13]

Cultural uses[edit]

It has been used as a medicinal plant in the Middle East for urinary tract infections by boiling the leaves or the rhizomes in water, similar to the use of Iris pallida.[14]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Juno palaestina". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Iris palaestina". www.flowersinisrael.com. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d Richard Lynch The Book of the Iris, p. 186-187, at Google Books
  4. ^ a b c "Iris palaestina". www.wildflowers.co.il. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  5. ^ a b c British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation , p. 255, at Google Books
  6. ^ a b "Iris palestina". rareplants.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  7. ^ a b c James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification, p. 260, at Google Books
  8. ^ a b c "Iris palaestina". encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  9. ^ a b Cassidy, G.E.; Linnegar, S. (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. pp. 145–146. ISBN 0-88192-089-4.
  10. ^ a b "Iris palaestina". apps.kew.org. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  11. ^ "Iris palaestina". www.rhs.org.uk. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  12. ^ a b c d "Iris palaestina". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  13. ^ "Iris palaestina". botanic.tau.ac.il. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  14. ^ Ram J. Singh (Editor)Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement: Medicinal, p. 172, at Google Books

Other sources[edit]

  • Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina Area: 404-410. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
  • Feinbrun-Dothan, N. (1986). Flora Palaestina 4: 112-137. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
  • Innes, C. (1985). The World of Iridaceae: 1-407. Holly Gare International Ltd., Ashington.
  • Post, G.E. (1933). Fl. Syria, Palestine & Sinai 2: 583-604. American Press, Beirut.

External links[edit]

Media related to Iris palaestina at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Iris palaestina at Wikispecies

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iris_palaestina&oldid=1221317458"