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{{Short description|Species of tussock grass}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Poa labillardierei.jpg
|image = Poa labillardierei.jpg
⚫
|genus = Poa
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
⚫
|species = labillardierei
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
⚫
|authority = [[Steud.]]<ref name=theplantlist>{{cite web|title=''Poa labillardierei'' Steud|work=The Plant List|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-436284|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref>
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
|ordo = [[Poales]]
|familia = [[Poaceae]]
⚫
|genus = ''[[Poa]]''
⚫
|species = '''''P. labillardierei'''''
|binomial = ''Poa labillardierei''
⚫
|binomial_authority = [[Steud.]]<ref name=theplantlist>{{cite web|title=''Poa labillardierei'' Steud|work=The Plant List|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-436284|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref>
|synonyms =
|synonyms =
|}}
}}


'''''Poa labillardierei''''', also known as '''common tussock-grass''',<ref name=VPNI>{{cite web|title=Victorian Plant Name Index|publisher=Viridans|url=http://www.viridans.com/vicplantnames/scinames.htm|accessdate=3 July 2013}}</ref> is a species of [[tussock grass]] that is endemic to Australia.<ref name=NSW>{{cite web |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Poa~labillardierei |title=''Poa labillardierei''|accessdate=2 July 2013 |author= Jacobs, S.W.L.; Whalley, R.D.B; Wheeler, D.J.B. |work= PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia}}</ref>
'''''Poa labillardierei''''', also known as '''common tussock-grass''',<ref name=VPNI>{{cite web|title=Victorian Plant Name Index|publisher=Viridans|url=http://www.viridans.com/vicplantnames/scinames.htm|accessdate=3 July 2013}}</ref> is a species of [[tussock grass]] that is endemic to [[Australia]].<ref name=NSW>{{cite web |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Poa~labillardierei |title=''Poa labillardierei''|accessdate=2 July 2013 |author1=Jacobs, S.W.L. |author2=Whalley, R.D.B |author3=Wheeler, D.J.B. |work= PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia}}</ref> It is found in southern and eastern Australia, including Tasmania.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Australian National Botanic Gardens |first=Parks Australia |title=Poa labillardierei - Growing Native Plants |url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/trainees-2016/poa-labillardierei.html |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=www.anbg.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> There are differing variations, ''Poa labillardierei'' var. ''acris'' <small>Vickery</small> and ''Poa labillardierei'' var. ''labillardierei''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flora of Victoria |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/b5dd411d-ca1e-4886-a989-7745ffd40afb |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au}}</ref>


The species was formally described in 1854 by German botanist and physician [[Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel]] in ''Synopsis Plantarum Glumacearum ''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web |url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=Poa+labillardierei|title=''Poa labillardierei''|accessdate=2 July 2013 |work= [[Australian Plant Name Index]] (APNI), IBIS database|publisher = Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra}}</ref>
The species was formally described in 1854 by German botanist and physician [[Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel]] in ''Synopsis Plantarum Glumacearum''.<ref name="APNI">{{cite web |url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=Poa+labillardierei|title=''Poa labillardierei''|accessdate=2 July 2013 |work= [[Australian Plant Name Index]] (APNI), IBIS database|publisher = Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra}}</ref> The name is derived from [[Poa]] - Greek word which means "fodder" and labillardierei - after the French botanist and explorer, [[Jacques Labillardière|J.J.H. de Labillardière.]]<ref name=":0" />

== Habitat ==
''Poa labillardierei'' is most commonly growing in open forest communities, grassy woodland communities and in moister areas on low slopes and valley floors that are frequently wet.<ref name=":0" /> They also grow on [[River-flat eucalypt forest|river flats]] and can extend up open sheltered [[slope]]s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=PlantNET - FloraOnline |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Poa~labillardierei |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au}}</ref> This plant is additionally [[frost]] tolerant.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Yarra Ranges Local Plant Directory |url=https://www.yarraranges.vic.gov.au/PlantDirectory/Grasses-Rushes-Sedges/Poa-labillardierei-var.-labillardierei |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=www.yarraranges.vic.gov.au |language=en-AU}}</ref>

''Poa labillardierei'' is also very commonly used within home gardens and [[landscaping]].<ref name=":2" /> It is a vigorous and tolerant grass, adding vertical interest in [[landscaping]] settings.<ref name=":2" /> ''Poa labillardierei'' [[Regeneration (biology)|regenerates]] well after burning but the [[fire]] should not be very hot for a long time.<ref name=":0" />

== Distribution ==
''Poa labillardierei'' is found in southern and eastern [[Australia]], including [[Tasmania]].<ref name=":0" />

== Description ==
''Poa labillardierei'' is a dense coarsely tufted grasses and can reach a height of 120&nbsp;cm.<ref name=":0" /> The large grass is a perennial,<ref name=":2" /> that germinates from seed or division.<ref name=":0" />

[[Leaf|Leaves]] mostly basal, very long; sheath usually pallid at the base, upper ± scabrous; ligule c. 0.5&nbsp;mm long, truncate; blade to 80&nbsp;cm long, flat or inrolled, to 3.5&nbsp;mm wide, scabrous, moderately rigid, tip fine, setaceous.<ref name=":1" />
''Poa labillardierei'' flowers in spring to summer.<ref name=":0" /> [[Inflorescence]]s are 10–25&nbsp;cm long, with erect or erectly and loosely spreading branches. [[Spikelet]]s 3–4(–8)-flowered, strongly laterally compressed.<ref name=":1" /> [[Glume]]s broad to rather narrow, subacute to occasionally subacuminate. Lemmas firm, narrow to moderately broad, usually hairy, web usually copious, consisting of long hairs; palea firm, closely scabrous on the keels.<ref name=":1" />

== Propagation ==
''Poa labillardierei'' can be [[Plant propagation|propagated]] by division and [[Germination|germinates]] readily from seed, into prepared soil in autumn and winter.<ref name=":0" /> The seedlings cannot grow in an area of continuous dry climate and needs moist soil to establish, but can [[Germination|germinate]] in frost and can tolerate a temperature in the 0 to -5&nbsp;°C range.<ref name=":0" /> It has a very fast growth rate, and once established, it needs very low maintenance and no [[irrigation]].<ref name=":0" />

==Ecology==
The common tussock-grass can form the dominant ground layer in grasslands of South-East Australia. Examples include in the [[Victorian Volcanic Plain grasslands|Victorian Volcanic Plains]], and [[Gippsland Plains Grassy Woodland]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Victorian Resources Online |first1=Agriculture Victoria |title=Tussock Poa |url=https://vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/sip_tussock_poa |website=vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au |access-date=29 June 2023 |language=en-AU}}</ref> This is in part due to its ability to regenerate well after fire and outcompete other species.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moore |first1=Nicholas A. |last2=Camac |first2=James S. |last3=Morgan |first3=John W. |title=Effects of drought and fire on resprouting capacity of 52 temperate Australian perennial native grasses |journal=New Phytologist |date=February 2019 |volume=221 |issue=3 |pages=1424–1433 |doi=10.1111/nph.15480|pmid=30216446 |hdl=11343/284683 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Poa tussock or tussock grass |url=https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/pastures-and-rangelands/species-varieties/poa-tussock-or-tussock-grass |website=www.dpi.nsw.gov.au |access-date=29 June 2023 |language=en |date=2017}}</ref>

Common tussock grass also provides excellent habitat for invertebrates, both in abundance and species richness. A study comparing plantings in urban parks that were either indigenous (with species endemic to an area), native or non-native discovered one patch of ''Poa labillardierei'' supported more indigenous insect species than any other plant, across all groups.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mata |first1=Luis |last2=Andersen |first2=Alan N. |last3=Morán-Ordóñez |first3=Alejandra |last4=Hahs |first4=Amy K. |last5=Backstrom |first5=Anna |last6=Ives |first6=Christopher D. |last7=Bickel |first7=Daniel |last8=Duncan |first8=David |last9=Palma |first9=Estibaliz |last10=Thomas |first10=Freya |last11=Cranney |first11=Kate |last12=Walker |first12=Ken |last13=Shears |first13=Ian |last14=Semeraro |first14=Linda |last15=Malipatil |first15=Mallik |last16=Moir |first16=Melinda L. |last17=Plein |first17=Michaela |last18=Porch |first18=Nick |last19=Vesk |first19=Peter A. |last20=Smith |first20=Tessa R. |last21=Lynch |first21=Yvonne |title=Indigenous plants promote insect biodiversity in urban greenspaces |journal=Ecological Applications |date=June 2021 |volume=31 |issue=4 |doi=10.1002/eap.2309 |pmid=33605502 |bibcode=2021EcoAp..31E2309M |url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eap.2309 |access-date=20 June 2023|hdl=10536/DRO/DU:30148591 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Suggesting this is an ideal species to support biodiversity, especially in urban settings with a lack of invertebrates.

Reptiles also rely on habitat provided by common tussock grass, including the [[Pseudemoia pagenstecheri|tussock skink]], and [[Blue-tongued_skink|blue tongue lizard]].

== First Nation's uses ==
The long leaves and stems of ''Poa labillardierei'' are used as string for [[Basket weaving|basket making]].<ref name=":2" />

[[Indigenous peoples|Indigenous]] names include; Bobat ([[Woiwurrung|Woi wurrung]]) and Bowat ([[Wurundjeri]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poa Labillardierei - Common Tussock-Grass - Local Seeds |url=https://www.localseeds.com.au/product/poa-labillardierei-common-tussock-grass/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |language=en-AU}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q13943002}}


[[Category:Poa|labillardierei]]
[[Category:Poa|labillardierei]]
[[Category:Poales of Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of the Australian Capital Territory]]
[[Category:Flora of the Australian Capital Territory]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
Line 27: Line 53:
[[Category:Flora of South Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of South Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of Tasmania]]
[[Category:Flora of Tasmania]]
[[Category:Flora of Victoria (Australia)]]
[[Category:Flora of Victoria (state)]]


{{Pooideae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:38, 1 May 2024

Poa labillardierei
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Pooideae
Genus: Poa
Species:
P. labillardierei
Binomial name
Poa labillardierei

Poa labillardierei, also known as common tussock-grass,[2] is a species of tussock grass that is endemic to Australia.[3] It is found in southern and eastern Australia, including Tasmania.[4] There are differing variations, Poa labillardierei var. acris Vickery and Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei.[5]

The species was formally described in 1854 by German botanist and physician Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel in Synopsis Plantarum Glumacearum.[6] The name is derived from Poa - Greek word which means "fodder" and labillardierei - after the French botanist and explorer, J.J.H. de Labillardière.[4]

Habitat[edit]

Poa labillardierei is most commonly growing in open forest communities, grassy woodland communities and in moister areas on low slopes and valley floors that are frequently wet.[4] They also grow on river flats and can extend up open sheltered slopes.[7] This plant is additionally frost tolerant.[8]

Poa labillardierei is also very commonly used within home gardens and landscaping.[8] It is a vigorous and tolerant grass, adding vertical interest in landscaping settings.[8] Poa labillardierei regenerates well after burning but the fire should not be very hot for a long time.[4]

Distribution[edit]

Poa labillardierei is found in southern and eastern Australia, including Tasmania.[4]

Description[edit]

Poa labillardierei is a dense coarsely tufted grasses and can reach a height of 120 cm.[4] The large grass is a perennial,[8] that germinates from seed or division.[4]

Leaves mostly basal, very long; sheath usually pallid at the base, upper ± scabrous; ligule c. 0.5 mm long, truncate; blade to 80 cm long, flat or inrolled, to 3.5 mm wide, scabrous, moderately rigid, tip fine, setaceous.[7] Poa labillardierei flowers in spring to summer.[4] Inflorescences are 10–25 cm long, with erect or erectly and loosely spreading branches. Spikelets 3–4(–8)-flowered, strongly laterally compressed.[7] Glumes broad to rather narrow, subacute to occasionally subacuminate. Lemmas firm, narrow to moderately broad, usually hairy, web usually copious, consisting of long hairs; palea firm, closely scabrous on the keels.[7]

Propagation[edit]

Poa labillardierei can be propagated by division and germinates readily from seed, into prepared soil in autumn and winter.[4] The seedlings cannot grow in an area of continuous dry climate and needs moist soil to establish, but can germinate in frost and can tolerate a temperature in the 0 to -5 °C range.[4] It has a very fast growth rate, and once established, it needs very low maintenance and no irrigation.[4]

Ecology[edit]

The common tussock-grass can form the dominant ground layer in grasslands of South-East Australia. Examples include in the Victorian Volcanic Plains, and Gippsland Plains Grassy Woodland.[9] This is in part due to its ability to regenerate well after fire and outcompete other species.[10][11]

Common tussock grass also provides excellent habitat for invertebrates, both in abundance and species richness. A study comparing plantings in urban parks that were either indigenous (with species endemic to an area), native or non-native discovered one patch of Poa labillardierei supported more indigenous insect species than any other plant, across all groups.[12] Suggesting this is an ideal species to support biodiversity, especially in urban settings with a lack of invertebrates.

Reptiles also rely on habitat provided by common tussock grass, including the tussock skink, and blue tongue lizard.

First Nation's uses[edit]

The long leaves and stems of Poa labillardierei are used as string for basket making.[8]

Indigenous names include; Bobat (Woi wurrung) and Bowat (Wurundjeri).[13]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Poa labillardierei Steud". The Plant List. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  2. ^ "Victorian Plant Name Index". Viridans. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
  3. ^ Jacobs, S.W.L.; Whalley, R.D.B; Wheeler, D.J.B. "Poa labillardierei". PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Australian National Botanic Gardens, Parks Australia. "Poa labillardierei - Growing Native Plants". www.anbg.gov.au. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  5. ^ "Flora of Victoria". vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  6. ^ "Poa labillardierei". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  7. ^ a b c d "PlantNET - FloraOnline". plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 2023-03-24.
  8. ^ a b c d e "Yarra Ranges Local Plant Directory". www.yarraranges.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  9. ^ Victorian Resources Online, Agriculture Victoria. "Tussock Poa". vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  10. ^ Moore, Nicholas A.; Camac, James S.; Morgan, John W. (February 2019). "Effects of drought and fire on resprouting capacity of 52 temperate Australian perennial native grasses". New Phytologist. 221 (3): 1424–1433. doi:10.1111/nph.15480. hdl:11343/284683. PMID 30216446.
  11. ^ "Poa tussock or tussock grass". www.dpi.nsw.gov.au. 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  12. ^ Mata, Luis; Andersen, Alan N.; Morán-Ordóñez, Alejandra; Hahs, Amy K.; Backstrom, Anna; Ives, Christopher D.; Bickel, Daniel; Duncan, David; Palma, Estibaliz; Thomas, Freya; Cranney, Kate; Walker, Ken; Shears, Ian; Semeraro, Linda; Malipatil, Mallik; Moir, Melinda L.; Plein, Michaela; Porch, Nick; Vesk, Peter A.; Smith, Tessa R.; Lynch, Yvonne (June 2021). "Indigenous plants promote insect biodiversity in urban greenspaces". Ecological Applications. 31 (4). Bibcode:2021EcoAp..31E2309M. doi:10.1002/eap.2309. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30148591. PMID 33605502. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  13. ^ "Poa Labillardierei - Common Tussock-Grass - Local Seeds". Retrieved 2023-03-25.


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