Cryptobranchoidea: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Suborder of
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Cryptobranchoidea
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| image = Cryptobranchus alleganiensis.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Cryptobranchus alleganiensis]]''
| image2 = Hynobius fossigenus.png
| image2_caption = ''[[Hynobius fossigenus]]''
| fossil_range = <br>[[Middle Jurassic]] - [[Holocene|Present]]{{fossilrange|Bathonian|Present}}
| authority = [[Emmett Reid Dunn|Dunn]], 1922
| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups
| subdivision = *{{extinct}}''[[Chunerpeton]]''?
*{{extinct}}''[[
*{{extinct}}''[[Iridotriton]]''▼
*{{extinct}}''[[Liaoxitriton]]''▼
*{{extinct}}''[[Nesovtriton]]''▼
*{{extinct}}''[[Pangerpeton]]''
*{{extinct}}''[[
▲*{{extinct}}''[[Iridotriton]]''?
*{{extinct}}''[[Kiyatriton]]''?
*{{extinct}}''[[Sinerpeton]]''
*[[Cryptobranchidae]]
*Panhynobia <small>Ji, Anderson & Gao, 2021</small>
*[[Hynobiidae]]▼
▲**{{extinct}}''[[Liaoxitriton]]''
**{{extinct}}''[[Linglongtriton]]''
**{{extinct}}''[[Neimengtriton]]''
**{{extinct}}''[[Regalerpeton]]''
**{{extinct}}''[[Nuominerpeton]]''
▲**[[Hynobiidae]]
}}
The '''Cryptobranchoidea''' are a [[suborder]] of [[salamanders]] found in
Giant salamanders are obligate paedomorphs with partial metamorphosis,<ref>[https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1703877114 Evidence for complex life cycle constraints on salamander body form diversification]</ref> but Asiatic salamander goes through a full metamorphosis. The only known exceptions are the [[Longdong stream salamander]], which has been documented as facultatively neotenic, and the [[Ezo salamander]], where a now assumed extinct population from Lake Kuttarush in Hokkaido had neotenic traits like gills in adults.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5878659/ Osteology of Batrachuperus londongensis (Urodela, Hynobiidae): study of bony anatomy of a facultatively neotenic salamander from Mount Emei, Sichuan Province, China]</ref>
The oldest members of the group are known from the [[Middle Jurassic]] ([[Bathonian]]) aged [[Yanliao Biota]] of China.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Jia|first1=Jia|last2=Anderson|first2=Jason S.|last3=Gao|first3=Ke-Qin|date=2021-07-23|title=Middle Jurassic stem hynobiids from China shed light on the evolution of basal salamanders|journal=iScience|language=English|volume=24|issue=7|page=102744 |doi=10.1016/j.isci.2021.102744|pmid=34278256 |pmc=8264161 |issn=2589-0042|doi-access=free}}</ref>
This suborder contains only two families at present. Other families became extinct in the past and are only known as fossils.▼
==Taxonomy==
*[[Cryptobranchidae]]▼
▲This suborder contains only two families at present.
*{{extinct}}''[[Chunerpeton]]'' [[Haifanggou Formation]], China, Middle Jurassic ([[Bathonian]]) ([[Neoteny|neotenic]], has alternatively been recovered outside of Cryptobranchoidea)<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-12-08|title=Revision of Chunerpeton tianyiense (Lissamphibia, Caudata): Is it a cryptobranchid salamander?|journal=Palaeoworld|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2020.12.001|issn=1871-174X|doi-access=free|last1=Rong |first1=Yu-Fen |last2=Vasilyan |first2=Davit |last3=Dong |first3=Li-Ping |last4=Wang |first4=Yuan |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=708–723 }}</ref>
*{{extinct}}''[[Jeholotriton]]'' Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) (neotenic)
*{{extinct}}''[[Pangerpeton]]'' Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
*{{extinct}}''[[Nesovtriton]]'' [[Bissekty Formation]], Uzbekistan, Late Cretaceous ([[Turonian]])
*{{extinct}}''[[Iridotriton]]'' [[Morrison Formation]], United States, Late Jurassic ([[Tithonian]])
*{{extinct}}''[[Kiyatriton]]'' [[Itat Formation]], Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) [[Ilek Formation]], Russia, Early Cretaceous ([[Barremian]]-[[Aptian]]) (Presumed to be a cryptobranchoid)
*{{extinct}}''[[Laccotriton]]'' Fengshan fossil bed, China, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
*{{extinct}}''[[Sinerpeton]]'' Fengshan fossil bed, China, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
▲*[[Cryptobranchidae]] (Late Cretaceous-Recent)
*Panhynobia<ref name=":0" />
** {{extinct}}''[[Liaoxitriton]]'' Jiufotang Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
** {{extinct}}''[[Linglongtriton]]'' [[Tiaojishan Formation]], China, Late Jurassic ([[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]])
** {{extinct}}''[[Neimengtriton]]'' Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
** {{extinct}}''[[Regalerpeton]]'' [[Dabeigou Formation]], China, Early Cretaceous ([[Hauterivian]])
** {{extinct}}''[[Nuominerpeton]]'' [[Longjiang Formation]], China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
** [[Hynobiidae]] ([[Miocene]]-Recent)
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
|
Revision as of 13:50, 3 May 2024
Cryptobranchoidea | |
---|---|
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis | |
Hynobius fossigenus | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Urodela |
Suborder: | Cryptobranchoidea Dunn, 1922 |
Subgroups | |
|
The Cryptobranchoidea are a suborder of salamanders found in Asia, European Russia, and the United States. They are known as primitive salamanders, in contrast to Salamandroidea, the advanced salamanders.[1] It has two living subdivisions, Cryptobranchidae (Asian giant salamanders and hellbenders), and Hynobiidae, commonly known as Asian salamanders.
Giant salamanders are obligate paedomorphs with partial metamorphosis,[2] but Asiatic salamander goes through a full metamorphosis. The only known exceptions are the Longdong stream salamander, which has been documented as facultatively neotenic, and the Ezo salamander, where a now assumed extinct population from Lake Kuttarush in Hokkaido had neotenic traits like gills in adults.[3]
The oldest members of the group are known from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) aged Yanliao Biota of China.[4]
Taxonomy
This suborder contains only two families at present. All other members are extinct and are only known as fossils.
- †Chunerpeton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) (neotenic, has alternatively been recovered outside of Cryptobranchoidea)[5]
- †Jeholotriton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) (neotenic)
- †Pangerpeton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
- †Nesovtriton Bissekty Formation, Uzbekistan, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
- †Iridotriton Morrison Formation, United States, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
- †Kiyatriton Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Ilek Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) (Presumed to be a cryptobranchoid)
- †Laccotriton Fengshan fossil bed, China, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
- †Sinerpeton Fengshan fossil bed, China, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
- Cryptobranchidae (Late Cretaceous-Recent)
- Panhynobia[4]
- †Liaoxitriton Jiufotang Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- †Linglongtriton Tiaojishan Formation, China, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)
- †Neimengtriton Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
- †Regalerpeton Dabeigou Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)
- †Nuominerpeton Longjiang Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- Hynobiidae (Miocene-Recent)
References
- ^ Heying, Heather. "ADW:Family Cryptobranchidae: giant salamanders and hellbenders".
- ^ Evidence for complex life cycle constraints on salamander body form diversification
- ^ Osteology of Batrachuperus londongensis (Urodela, Hynobiidae): study of bony anatomy of a facultatively neotenic salamander from Mount Emei, Sichuan Province, China
- ^ a b Jia, Jia; Anderson, Jason S.; Gao, Ke-Qin (2021-07-23). "Middle Jurassic stem hynobiids from China shed light on the evolution of basal salamanders". iScience. 24 (7): 102744. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102744. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 8264161. PMID 34278256.
- ^ Rong, Yu-Fen; Vasilyan, Davit; Dong, Li-Ping; Wang, Yuan (2020-12-08). "Revision of Chunerpeton tianyiense (Lissamphibia, Caudata): Is it a cryptobranchid salamander?". Palaeoworld. 30 (4): 708–723. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2020.12.001. ISSN 1871-174X.