Parachromis managuensis: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of cichlid fish}} |
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this fish is very rachet and likes to fight.they live in the dessert of eygpt. the jaguar chiclid or nookynoiseous love to eat small fish and birds. they live in a 70 gallon tank and are nice looking. |
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<noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Jaguar cichlid|2=Talk:Parachromis managuensis#Requested move 13 May 2024}} |
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</noinclude>{{Speciesbox |
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| taxon = Parachromis managuensis |
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| image = Parachromis managuensis 2012 G1.jpg |
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| authority = ([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1867) |
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| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name="IUCN"/> |
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| synonyms = |
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{{Species list |
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|''Parachromis gulosus''|[[Louis Agassiz|Agassiz]], 1859 (ambiguous synonym) |
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|''Heros managuensis''|Günther, 1867 |
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|''Cichlasoma managuense''|(Günther, 1867) |
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|''Herichthys managuense''|(Günther, 1867) |
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|''Nandopsis managuense''|(Günther, 1867) |
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}} |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name="FishBase"/> |
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}} |
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'''''Parachromis managuensis''''' is a large species of [[cichlid]] native to [[Fresh water|freshwater]] habitats in [[Central America]], where it is found from [[Honduras]] to [[Costa Rica]].<ref name="FishBase"/> The [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial name]] refers to [[Lake Managua]] in [[Nicaragua]], from which the [[holotype]] was obtained.<ref name="EschmeyerCOF"/> It is a [[Fish as food|food fish]] and is also found in the [[aquarium]] trade where it is variously known as the '''jaguar cichlid''', '''managuense cichlid''', '''managua cichlid''', '''guapote tigre''', '''Aztec cichlid''', '''spotted guapote''' and '''jaguar guapote'''.<ref name="FishBase"/> In Costa Rica, it is known as the '''''guapote tigre'''''.<ref name="CCT.Ramsar"/> |
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==Description== |
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''P. managuensis'' is a robust fish with a silvery or golden-green to purple colour, with a darker moss green shade at the dorsum. The sides show a purple iridescence and the belly is whitish or yellowish. A series of several large black dots then run horizontally along the lateral line area. The fins are often a dark to black coloration, especially when in [[Spawn (biology)|spawning]] coloration. The most distinguished feature is a black stripe than run from the eye to the opercular margin.<ref name="FishBase"/> Males grow to a total length of {{convert|65|cm|in}} and females to {{convert|40|cm|in}}.<ref name="DelMoral-Flores2020"/> The female also lacks the elongated extensions to the dorsal fins. |
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==Ecology== |
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''P. managuensis'' inhabits lakes and prefers turbid waters with mud bottoms and is tolerant to [[eutrophication|eutrophic]] and [[hypoxia (environmental)|hypoxic]] conditions.<ref name="DelMoral-Flores2020" /> It is a [[carnivorous]], highly predatory species. Adults feed mainly on small fish, while juveniles rely on a variety of [[macroinvertebrate]]s. It prefers [[turbid]], [[eutrophic]] lakes, often found in warm water depleted of oxygen. Its native [[Substrate (marine biology)|substrate]] is mud-bottoms, but it can also be found in ponds and springs with sandy bottoms covered in plant debris. The species inhabits lakes in a [[tropical]] climate and prefers water with a 7.0–8.7 [[pH]], a water hardness of 10–15 [[dGH]], and a temperature range of 25 to 36 °C (77 to 97 °F).<ref name="FishBase"/> |
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==Distribution== |
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The natural distribution of ''P. managuensis'' goes from the [[Ulúa River]] in Honduras to [[Matina River]] basin in Costa Rica.<ref name="FishBase"/> However, it has been introduced in other countries in Central America, as well as in the United States, as a food source, for aquarism and to control fish populations.<ref name="DelMoral-Flores2020"/> |
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===Conservation status=== |
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This species has been assessed by the [[IUCN Red List]] as [[least concern|least-concern species]].<ref name=IUCN/> It occurs in the [[Maquenque National Wildlife Refuge]].<ref name="CCT.Ramsar"/> |
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==See also== |
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* [[List of freshwater aquarium fish species]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
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<ref name="CCT.Ramsar">{{cite report|last1=Varga|first1=Mauricio Salas|date=July 2008|title=Humedales de Ramsar (FIR) – Versión 2006-2008|publisher=Centro Científico Tropical|page=20|language=es|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/CR1918RIS.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=27 March 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240327223333/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/CR1918RIS.pdf|archive-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> |
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<ref name="DelMoral-Flores2020">{{cite journal|last1=Del Moral-Flores|first1=Luis Fernando|last2=Pintor|first2=Rubén|last3=García-Mercado|first3=Eduardo|last4=León|first4=Cesar|title=A new record of the exotic Guapote jaguar, ''Parachromis managuensis'' (Günther, 1867) (Cichliformes, Cichlidae) in a tropical coastal lagoon of the Mexican Pacific slope|journal=[[Pensoft Publishers|Neotropical Biology and Conservation]]|date=18 November 2020|volume=15|issue=4|pages=479–485|eissn=2236-3777|doi=10.3897/neotropical.15.e57669|doi-access=free|url=https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/57669/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240327222234/https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/57669/|archive-date=27 March 2024}}{{open access}}</ref> |
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<ref name="EschmeyerCOF">{{Cite web|url=http://research.calacademy.org/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fresearcharchive.calacademy.org%2Fresearch%2Fichthyology%2Fcatalog%2Ffishcatget.asp&tbl=species&spid=16450|title=California Academy of Sciences: Catalog of Fishes|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222213805/http://research.calacademy.org/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fresearcharchive.calacademy.org%2Fresearch%2Fichthyology%2Fcatalog%2Ffishcatget.asp&tbl=species&spid=16450|archive-date=22 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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<ref name="FishBase">{{FishBase|genus=Parachromis|species=managuensis|month=July|year=2022}}</ref> |
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<ref name="IUCN">{{cite iucn|last1=Lyons|first1=Tim J.|last2=Matamoros|first2=Wilfredo A.|date=2020|title=''Parachromis managuensis''|page=e.T18243419A161824499|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18243419A161824499.en||url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18243419/161824499|url-status=live||access-date=9 April 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240327205118/https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18243419/161824499|archive-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> |
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}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Wikispecies|Parachromis managuensis}} |
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{{Commons category|Parachromis managuensis}} |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014173444/http://www.yourpetclip.com/articles/jaguar-cichlid-care/ The Jaguar Cichlid – Beautiful Predator Tropical Fish] |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060504160130/http://aquaticdatabase.com/wiki/index.php/Parachromis_managuensis Aquaticdatabase entry for ''Parachromis managuensis'' (Managuense cichlid).] |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q3743}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Parachromis managuensis}} |
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[[Category:Parachromis|managuensis]] |
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[[Category:Cichlid fish of Central America]] |
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[[Category:Fish of Costa Rica]] |
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[[Category:Fish of Honduras]] |
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[[Category:Freshwater fish of Nicaragua]] |
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[[Category:Fish of Lake Nicaragua]] |
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[[Category:Fish described in 1867]] |
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[[Category:Extant Tortonian first appearances]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:33, 13 May 2024
 | A request that this article title be changed to Jaguar cichlid is under discussion. Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed. |
| Parachromis managuensis | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cichliformes |
| Family: | Cichlidae |
| Genus: | Parachromis |
| Species: | P. managuensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Parachromis managuensis (Günther, 1867)
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Parachromis managuensis is a large species of cichlid native to freshwater habitats in Central America, where it is found from Honduras to Costa Rica.[2] The binomial name refers to Lake Managua in Nicaragua, from which the holotype was obtained.[3] It is a food fish and is also found in the aquarium trade where it is variously known as the jaguar cichlid, managuense cichlid, managua cichlid, guapote tigre, Aztec cichlid, spotted guapote and jaguar guapote.[2] In Costa Rica, it is known as the guapote tigre.[4]
Description[edit]
P. managuensis is a robust fish with a silvery or golden-green to purple colour, with a darker moss green shade at the dorsum. The sides show a purple iridescence and the belly is whitish or yellowish. A series of several large black dots then run horizontally along the lateral line area. The fins are often a dark to black coloration, especially when in spawning coloration. The most distinguished feature is a black stripe than run from the eye to the opercular margin.[2] Males grow to a total length of 65 centimetres (26 in) and females to 40 centimetres (16 in).[5] The female also lacks the elongated extensions to the dorsal fins.
Ecology[edit]
P. managuensis inhabits lakes and prefers turbid waters with mud bottoms and is tolerant to eutrophic and hypoxic conditions.[5] It is a carnivorous, highly predatory species. Adults feed mainly on small fish, while juveniles rely on a variety of macroinvertebrates. It prefers turbid, eutrophic lakes, often found in warm water depleted of oxygen. Its native substrate is mud-bottoms, but it can also be found in ponds and springs with sandy bottoms covered in plant debris. The species inhabits lakes in a tropical climate and prefers water with a 7.0–8.7 pH, a water hardness of 10–15 dGH, and a temperature range of 25 to 36 °C (77 to 97 °F).[2]
Distribution[edit]
The natural distribution of P. managuensis goes from the Ulúa River in Honduras to Matina River basin in Costa Rica.[2] However, it has been introduced in other countries in Central America, as well as in the United States, as a food source, for aquarism and to control fish populations.[5]
Conservation status[edit]
This species has been assessed by the IUCN Red List as least-concern species.[1] It occurs in the Maquenque National Wildlife Refuge.[4]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Lyons, Tim J.; Matamoros, Wilfredo A. (2020). "Parachromis managuensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18243419A161824499. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18243419A161824499.en. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2022). "Parachromis managuensis" in FishBase. July 2022 version.
- ^ "California Academy of Sciences: Catalog of Fishes". Archived from the original on 22 February 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- ^ a b Varga, Mauricio Salas (July 2008). Humedales de Ramsar (FIR) – Versión 2006-2008 (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). Centro Científico Tropical. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ a b c Del Moral-Flores, Luis Fernando; Pintor, Rubén; García-Mercado, Eduardo; León, Cesar (18 November 2020). "A new record of the exotic Guapote jaguar, Parachromis managuensis (Günther, 1867) (Cichliformes, Cichlidae) in a tropical coastal lagoon of the Mexican Pacific slope". Neotropical Biology and Conservation. 15 (4): 479–485. doi:10.3897/neotropical.15.e57669. eISSN 2236-3777. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024.
External links[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to Parachromis managuensis.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parachromis managuensis.