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{{Short description|Genus of legumes}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Swainsona''
| image = Swainsona villosa habit.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Swainsona villosa]]''
| image = Sturts desert pea.jpg
| taxon = Swainsona
| image_width = 250px
| authority = [[Richard Anthony Salisbury|Salisb.]]<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Swainsona'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/75044 |publisher=Australian Plant Census |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref>
| image_caption = ''[[Swainsona formosa]]''
| display_parents = 2
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| subdivision = See text.
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" /><ref name = powo/>
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| synonyms =
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
* ''Cyclogyne'' <small>[[Benth.]] ex [[Lindl.]]</small>
| subfamilia = [[Faboideae]]
* ''Diplolobium'' <small>[[F.Muell.]] [[nom. illeg.]], nom. superfl.</small>
| tribus = [[Galegeae]]
* ''Loxidium'' <small>[[Vent.]]</small>
| genus = '''''Swainsona'''''
* ''Rysodium'' {{small|Steven (1832), nom. nud.}}
| genus_authority = R.A.Salisbury
* ''Swainsonia'' <small>Anon. [[orth. var.]]</small>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
* ''Willdampia'' <small>A.S.George</small>
| subdivision = See text
}}
}}


'''''Swainsona''''' is a large genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Fabaceae]], native to [[Australia]]. The genus is named after English botanist [[Isaac Swainson]].
'''''Swainsona''''' is a genus of about 85 species of flowering plants in the family [[Fabaceae]], and is [[endemic]] to Australia. Plants in this genus are [[Herbaceous plant|herbs]] or subshrubs with [[Pinnation#Number of divisions|imparipinnate]] leaves and usually purple flowers similar to others in the family.


==Description==
;Selected species
Plants in the genus ''Swainsona'' are [[Prostrate shrub|prostrate]] to erect [[Annual plant|annual]] or [[Perennial plant|perennial]] herbs or subshrubs, often with many stems at the base. The leaves are usually imparipinnate ([[Pinnation|pinnate]], with a terminal leaflet) with a few to many leaflets, with [[stipule]]s at the base of the [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. A few to many flowers are borne in a [[raceme]] in leaf axils on an erect [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] with [[bract]]s at the base, and small [[Bract#bracteole|bracteoles]] at the base of the [[sepal]]s. The sepals are joined at the base to form a bell-shaped tube with 5 equal lobes, or the upper 2 lobes shorter. The petals are mostly purple, sometimes white, pink, yellow orange or red. The [[Papilionaceous flower#Corolla|standard petal]] is kidney-shaped to more or less round, usually longer than the [[Papilionaceous flower#Corolla|wings]] and often longer than the [[Papilionaceous flower#Corolla|keel]]. There are ten [[stamen]]s, nine of which are joined with each other and the tenth free and facing the standard petal.<ref name="RBGS">{{cite web |last1=Thompson |first1=Joy |last2=James |first2=Teresa A. |title=''Swainsona'' |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&showsyn=&dist=&constat=&lvl=gn&name=Swainsona |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="SA">{{cite web |title=''Swainsona'' |url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Swainsona |publisher=State Herbrium of South Australia |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="RBGV">{{cite web |last1=Jeanes |first1=Jeff A. |last2=Stajsic |first2=Val |title=''Swainsona'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/f5d5c1dd-4785-4dd2-ba3a-a44f9e23d525 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref><ref name=FB>{{FloraBase|name=''Swainsona''|id=21620}}</ref>
*''[[Swainsona acuticarinata]]'' (A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps.

*''[[Swainsona adenophylla]]'' J.M.Black
==Taxonomy==
*''[[Swainsona affinis]]'' (A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps.
The genus ''Swainsona'' was first formally described in 1806 by [[Richard Anthony Salisbury]] in ''[[Paradisus Londinensis]]'' and the first species he described (the [[Type (biology)|type]] species) was ''Swainsona coronillifolia'', (now accepted as a [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] of ''[[Swainsona galegifolia]]''.<ref name="APNI">{{cite web |title=''Swainsona'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/name/apni/487904/api/apni-format |publisher=Australian Plant Name Index |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="Salisb.">{{cite book |last1=Salisbury |first1=Richard A. |title=Paradisus Londinensis |date=1806 |publisher=William Hooker |location=London |page=28 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/113616#page/61/mode/1up |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref><ref name="POWO1">{{cite web |title=''Swainsona coronillifolia'' |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/results?q=Swainsona%20coronillifolia |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref>
*''[[Swainsona beasleyana]]'' F.Muell.

*''[[Swainsona behriana]]'' F.Muell. ex J.M.Black
A member of the family [[Fabaceae]] ([[legumes]]), this species is most closely related to the New Zealand genera ''[[Montigena]]'' (scree pea), ''[[Clianthus]]'' (kakabeak), and ''Carmichaelia'' ([[New Zealand broom]]).<ref name=wagstaff>{{cite journal |last=Wagstaff |first=Steven J. |author2=Peter B. Heenan |author3=Michael J. Sanderson |year=1999 |title=Classification, origins, and patterns of diversification in New Zealand ''Carmichaelia'' (Fabaceae) |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=86 |issue=9 |pages=1346–1356|doi=10.2307/2656781 |jstor=2656781 |publisher=American Journal of Botany, Vol. 86, No. 9 |pmid=10487821|doi-access=free }}</ref> The genus name (''Swainsona'') honours the English botanist [[Isaac Swainson]].<ref name="Sharr">{{cite book |last1=Sharr |first1=Francis Aubi |last2=George |first2=Alex |title=Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings |date=2019 |publisher=Four Gables Press |location=Kardinya, WA |isbn=9780958034180 |page=116 |edition=3rd}}</ref>
*''[[Swainsona brachycarpa]]'' Benth.

*''[[Swainsona bracteata]]'' (Maiden & Betche) Joy Thomps.
A few species are known to produce [[swainsonine]], a [[phytotoxin]] harmful to [[livestock]] (see [[Locoweed]]). In Australia, animals [[Substance intoxication|intoxicated]] with swainsonine are said to be [[pea struck]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14103431 |title=THE DARLING PEA. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=14 May 1897 |access-date=16 May 2014 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
*''[[Swainsona burkei]]'' F.Muell. ex Benth.

*''[[Swainsona burkittii]]'' F.Muell. ex Benth.
===Species list===
*''[[Swainsona cadellii]]'' F.Muell. ex C.Moore & Betche
The following is a list of species of ''Swainsona'' accepted by [[Plants of the World Online]] as of 10 September 2023:<ref name = powo>{{BioRef|POWO|genus=Swainsona|authority=Salisb. |id=23641-1|access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref>
*''[[Swainsona calcicola]]'' Joy Thomps.

*''[[Swainsona campestris]]'' J.M.Black
*''[[Swainsona campylantha]]'' F.Muell.
*''[[Swainsona acuticarinata]]'' {{small|(A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps.}} (N.T., S.A., W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona canescens]]'' (Benth.) F.Muell.
*''[[Swainsona adenophylla]]'' {{small|J.M.Black}} (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
*''[[Swainsona colutoides]]'' F.Muell.
*''[[Swainsona affinis]]'' {{small|(A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps.}} (W.A., S.A., N.T., Qld, N.S.W.)
*''[[Swainsona complanata]]'' Joy Thomps.
*''[[Swainsona beasleyana]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona concinna]]'' F.M.Bailey
*''[[Swainsona behriana]]'' {{small|F.Muell. ex J.M.Black}} (N.S.W., S.A., Vic.)
*''[[Swainsona cornuta]]'' Joy Thomps.
*''[[Swainsona brachycarpa]]'' {{small|Benth.}} (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.)
*''[[Swainsona coronillifolia]]'' Salisb.
*''[[Swainsona bracteata]]'' {{small|(Maiden & Betche) Joy Thomps.}} (N.S.W., Qld.)
*''[[Swainsona cyclocarpa]]'' F.Muell.
*''[[Swainsona burkei]]'' {{small|F.Muell. ex Benth.}} (N.T., Qld.)
*''[[Swainsona decurrens]]'' A.T.Lee
*''[[Swainsona burkittii]]'' {{small|F.Muell. ex Benth.}} (S.A., N.S.W.)
*''[[Swainsona dictyocarpa]]'' J.M.Black
*''[[Swainsona cadellii]]'' {{small|F.Muell. ex C.Moore}} (N.S.W.)
*''[[Swainsona disjuncta]]'' Joy Thomps.
*''[[Swainsona calcicola]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona ecallosa]]'' Sprague
*''[[Swainsona campestris]]'' {{small|J.M.Black}} (S.A., W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona elegans]]'' A.T.Lee
*''[[Swainsona campylantha]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}} (Qld., N.T., S.A., N.S.W., W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona elegantoides]]'' (A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps.
*''[[Swainsona canescens]]'' {{small|(Benth.) F.Muell.}} (Qld., S.A., W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona eremaea]]'' Joy Thomps.
*''[[Swainsona colutoides]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}} (W.A., N.T., S.A., N.S.W.)
*''[[Swainsona extrajacens]]'' Joy Thomps.
*''[[Swainsona complanata]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona fissimontana]]'' J.M.Black
*''[[Swainsona cornuta]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona flavicarinata]]'' J.M.Black
*''[[Swainsona cyclocarpa]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}} (W.A., N.T.)
*''[[Swainsona formosa]]'' (G. Don) Joy Thomps. - Sturt's desert pea
*''[[Swainsona decurrens]]'' {{small|A.T.Lee}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona forrestii]]'' F.Muell. ex A.T.Lee
*''[[Swainsona dictyocarpa]]'' {{small|J.M.Black}} (S.A.)
*''[[Swainsona fragilis]]'' F.M.Bailey
*''[[Swainsona disjuncta]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}} (W.A., S.A., N.T.)
*''[[Swainsona fraseri]]'' Benth.
*''[[Swainsona ecallosa]]'' {{small|Sprague}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona fuscoviridis]]'' Joy Thomps.
*''[[Swainsona elegans]]'' {{small|A.T.Lee}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona galegifolia]]'' (Andrews) R.Br.
*''[[Swainsona elegantoides]]'' {{small|(A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona gracilis]]'' Benth.
*''[[Swainsona eremaea]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}} (S.A.)
*''[[Swainsona greyana]]'' Lindl.
*''[[Swainsona extrajacens]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}} (S.A., N.S.W.)
*''[[Swainsona halophila]]'' Joy Thomps.
*''[[Swainsona fissimontana]]'' {{small|J.M.Black}} (S.A., N.S.W.)
*''[[Swainsona incei]]'' W.R.Price
*''[[Swainsona flavicarinata]]'' {{small|J.M.Black}} (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W.)
*''[[Swainsona kingii]]'' F.Muell.
*''[[Swainsona formosa]]'' {{small|(G.Don) Joy Thomps.}} (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W.)
*''[[Swainsona forrestii]]'' {{small|F.Muell. ex A.T.Lee}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona fraseri]]'' {{small|Benth.}} (N.S.W., Qld.)
*''[[Swainsona fuscoviridis]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}} (S.A.)
*''[[Swainsona galegifolia]]'' {{small|(Andrews) R.Br.}} (N.S.W., Qld., Vic.)
*''[[Swainsona gracilis]]'' {{small|Benth.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona greyana]]'' {{small|Lindl.}} (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
*''[[Swainsona halophila]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona incei]]'' {{small|W.R.Price}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona katjarra]]'' {{small|R.W.Davis & T.Hammer}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona kingii]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}} (W.A., S.A.)
*''[[Swainsona laciniata]]'' {{small|A.T.Lee}} (W.A., N.T.)
*''[[Swainsona laxa]]'' {{small|R.Br.}} – skeleton pea, yellow swainson-pea, yellow Darling pea, sandhill swainsona (N.S.W., S.A., N.T., Qld.)
*''[[Swainsona leeana]]'' {{small|J.Z.Weber}} (W.A., S.A.)
*''[[Swainsona lessertiifolia]]'' {{small|DC.}} (S.A., Vic., Tas.)
*''[[Swainsona longicarinata]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona longipilosa]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona luteola]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}} – dwarf Darling-pea (N.S.W., Qld)
*''[[Swainsona maccullochiana]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona microcalyx]]'' {{small|J.M.Black}} – wild violet (S.A., W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona microphylla]]'' {{small|A.Gray}} – small-leaf swainson-pea, small-leaf swainsona, poison swainson-pea (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W., Vic.)
*''[[Swainsona minutiflora]]'' {{small|A.T.Lee}} (S.A.)
*''[[Swainsona monticola]]'' {{small|A.Cunn. ex Benth.}} (N.S.W., A.C.T.)
*''[[Swainsona murrayana]]'' {{small|Wawra}} (N.S.W., Vic., Qld., S.A.)
*''[[Swainsona oligophylla]]'' {{small|F.Muell. ex Benth.}} (N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W.)
*''[[Swainsona oliveri]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}} (W.A., N.T., S.A., N.S.W.)
*''[[Swainsona oroboides]]'' {{small|F.Muell. ex Benth.}} – variable swainsona, kneed Darling pea (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W.)
*''[[Swainsona paradoxa]]'' {{small|W.Fitzg.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona parviflora]]'' {{small|Benth.}} (Qld., N.S.W.)
*''[[Swainsona paucifoliolata]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona pedunculata]]'' {{small|A.T.Lee}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona perlonga]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona phacoides]]'' {{small|Benth.}} – dwarf Swainson-pea, lilac Darling pea (N.S.W., Vic., S.A., W.A., N.T., Qld.)
*''[[Swainsona plagiotropis]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}} (N.S.W., Vic.)
*''[[Swainsona procumbens]]'' {{small|(F.Muell.) F.Muell.}} (N.S.W., Vic., Qld.)
*''[[Swainsona pterostylis]]'' {{small|(DC.) Bakh.f.}} (W.A.)
*''[[Swainsona purpurea]]'' {{small|(A.T.Lee) Joy Thomps.}}
*''[[Swainsona pyrophila]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}}
*''[[Swainsona queenslandica]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}}
*''[[Swainsona recta]]'' {{small|A.T.Lee}}
*''[[Swainsona reticulata]]'' {{small|J.M.Black}}
*''[[Swainsona rostellata]]'' {{small|A.T.Lee}}
*''[[Swainsona rostrata]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}}
*''[[Swainsona rotunda]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}}
*''[[Swainsona sejuncta]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}}
*''[[Swainsona sericea]]'' {{small|(A.T.Lee) J.M.Black ex H.Eichler}}
*''[[Swainsona similis]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}}
*''[[Swainsona stenodonta]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}}
*''[[Swainsona stipularis]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}}
*''[[Swainsona swainsonioides]]'' {{small|(Benth.) A.T.Lee ex J.M.Black}}
*''[[Swainsona tanamiensis]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}}
*''[[Swainsona tenuis]]'' {{small|E.Pritz.}}
*''[[Swainsona tephrotricha]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}}
*''[[Swainsona thompsoniana]]'' {{small|R.W.Davis & P.J.H.Hurter}}
*''[[Swainsona unifoliolata]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}}
*''[[Swainsona vestita]]'' {{small|Joy Thomps.}}
*''[[Swainsona villosa]]'' {{small|J.M.Black}}
*''[[Swainsona viridis]]'' {{small|J.M.Black}}

==Distribution==
Species of ''Swainsona'' are found in all six Australian states and in the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory.<ref name="APNI" />


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?taxon_name=Swainsona%25 Australian Plant Name Index: ''Swainsona'']


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2494626}}
[[Category:Faboideae]]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Flora of Australia]]


[[pt:Swainsona]]
[[Category:Swainsona| ]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of Australia]]
[[Category:Fabaceae genera]]
[[Category:Fabales of Australia]]

Revision as of 08:34, 16 May 2024

Swainsona
Swainsona villosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Galegeae
Subtribe: Astragalinae
Genus: Swainsona
Salisb.[1]
Species

See text.

Synonyms[1][2]

Swainsona is a genus of about 85 species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, and is endemic to Australia. Plants in this genus are herbs or subshrubs with imparipinnate leaves and usually purple flowers similar to others in the family.

Description

Plants in the genus Swainsona are prostrate to erect annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs, often with many stems at the base. The leaves are usually imparipinnate (pinnate, with a terminal leaflet) with a few to many leaflets, with stipules at the base of the petiole. A few to many flowers are borne in a raceme in leaf axils on an erect peduncle with bracts at the base, and small bracteoles at the base of the sepals. The sepals are joined at the base to form a bell-shaped tube with 5 equal lobes, or the upper 2 lobes shorter. The petals are mostly purple, sometimes white, pink, yellow orange or red. The standard petal is kidney-shaped to more or less round, usually longer than the wings and often longer than the keel. There are ten stamens, nine of which are joined with each other and the tenth free and facing the standard petal.[3][4][5][6]

Taxonomy

The genus Swainsona was first formally described in 1806 by Richard Anthony Salisbury in Paradisus Londinensis and the first species he described (the type species) was Swainsona coronillifolia, (now accepted as a synonym of Swainsona galegifolia.[7][8][9]

A member of the family Fabaceae (legumes), this species is most closely related to the New Zealand genera Montigena (scree pea), Clianthus (kakabeak), and Carmichaelia (New Zealand broom).[10] The genus name (Swainsona) honours the English botanist Isaac Swainson.[11]

A few species are known to produce swainsonine, a phytotoxin harmful to livestock (see Locoweed). In Australia, animals intoxicated with swainsonine are said to be pea struck.[12]

Species list

The following is a list of species of Swainsona accepted by Plants of the World Online as of 10 September 2023:[2]

Distribution

Species of Swainsona are found in all six Australian states and in the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b "Swainsona". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Swainsona Salisb." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  3. ^ Thompson, Joy; James, Teresa A. "Swainsona". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  4. ^ "Swainsona". State Herbrium of South Australia. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  5. ^ Jeanes, Jeff A.; Stajsic, Val. "Swainsona". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  6. ^ "Swainsona". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  7. ^ a b "Swainsona". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  8. ^ Salisbury, Richard A. (1806). Paradisus Londinensis. London: William Hooker. p. 28. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  9. ^ "Swainsona coronillifolia". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  10. ^ Wagstaff, Steven J.; Peter B. Heenan; Michael J. Sanderson (1999). "Classification, origins, and patterns of diversification in New Zealand Carmichaelia (Fabaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 86 (9). American Journal of Botany, Vol. 86, No. 9: 1346–1356. doi:10.2307/2656781. JSTOR 2656781. PMID 10487821.
  11. ^ Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 116. ISBN 9780958034180.
  12. ^ "THE DARLING PEA". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 14 May 1897. p. 5. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
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