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| caption =
| caption =
| established = 1888
| established = 1888
| opened = October 31, 1889 — 1983
| type = [[Reform school]]
| type = [[Reform school]]
| district =
| district =
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In 1888, the [[Utah State Legislature#History|Utah Territorial Assembly]] passed the Reform School bill, at the initiative of Salt Lake City attorney [[James Moyle]], to help [[juvenile delinquency|juvenile delinquent]]s by teaching new skills and improving habits. In May 1888, a committee researched schools around the [[United States]] to determine which model would be best for the [[Utah Territory]].<ref name="Utah-History-to-Go" />
In 1888, the [[Utah State Legislature#History|Utah Territorial Assembly]] passed the Reform School bill, at the initiative of Salt Lake City attorney [[James Moyle]], to help [[juvenile delinquency|juvenile delinquent]]s by teaching new skills and improving habits. In May 1888, a committee researched schools around the [[United States]] to determine which model would be best for the [[Utah Territory]].<ref name="Utah-History-to-Go" />


The Utah Territorial Reform School opened in Ogden on October 31, 1889. Boys and girls lived in the same dormitories during the first ten years, but daily activities, were divided by gender. Discipline was an ongoing concern deemed necessary to keep children in line at the school. Punishment ranged from deprivation of meals and privileges, to [[solitary confinement]], [[flagellation|whipping]], and the use of restraints.<ref name="Utah-History-to-Go" /> Youths were confined at the school by the order of [[juvenile court]] judges.<ref name="Univ-of-Illinois_Press">{{cite book|publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXVj398JvnsC&pg=PA352&lpg=PA352&dq=Utah+State+Industrial+School&source=bl&ots=WLCRCN8EBK&sig=6RTQ8thLkoXlV1v4LxsE9ouPWUg&hl=en&ei=AhAjTM_wKennnQeAttwm&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBcQ6AEwADgU#v=onepage&q=Utah%20State%20Industrial%20School|title=Same-Sex Dynamics Among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example|author=[[D. Michael Quinn]]|accessdate=2010-06-24|year=2001}}</ref>
The Utah Territorial Reform School opened in Ogden on October 31, 1889. Boys and girls lived in the same dormitories during the first ten years, but daily activities, were divided by gender. Discipline was an ongoing concern deemed necessary to keep children in line at the school. Punishment ranged from deprivation of meals and privileges, to [[solitary confinement]], [[flagellation|whipping]], and the use of restraints.<ref name="Utah-History-to-Go" /> Youths were confined at the school by the order of [[juvenile court]] judges.<ref name="Univ-of-Illinois_Press">{{cite book|publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXVj398JvnsC&q=Utah+State+Industrial+School&pg=PA352|title=Same-Sex Dynamics Among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example|author=D. Michael Quinn|author-link=D. Michael Quinn|accessdate=2010-06-24|year=2001|isbn = 9780252069581}}</ref>


On June 24, 1891, a fire destroyed most of the building, including the resident halls. The [[Ogden Military Academy]] offered its vacant buildings to operate in while the school was to be rebuilt. In 1896, the school permanently took over the site of the old military academy. With [[Utah]] becoming a state, the school was officially renamed the Utah State Industrial School.<ref name="Utah-History-to-Go" />
On June 24, 1891, a fire destroyed most of the building, including the resident halls. The [[Ogden Military Academy]] offered its vacant buildings to operate in while the school was to be rebuilt. In 1896, the school permanently took over the site of the old military academy. With [[Utah]] becoming a state, the school was officially renamed the Utah State Industrial School.<ref name="Utah-History-to-Go" />


===Investigations===
===Investigations===
The school was placed under repeated scrutiny over the course of the 20th century. In 1909, it was investigated for [[Graft (politics)|graft]].<ref name="Univ-of-Illinois_Press" /> In October 1963, political pressure was brought upon the state after a rash of escapes by internees culminated in the shooting death of Detective Sergeant Marshall N. White.<ref name="Ogden-Standard-Examiner">{{cite web|publisher=[[Ogden Standard-Examiner]]|url=http://archive.ogdencity.com/memorial.mwhite.html|title=Officials Concerned Over Escapee Issue|accessdate=2010-06-24|date=1963-10-18}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> In 1973, the state considered closing the school because of overcrowding and a lack of adequate facilities.<ref name="Utah-History-to-Go" /> In 1977, it was renamed the Youth Development Center.<ref name="Utah-State-Archives-1116">{{cite web|publisher=Utah State Archives|url=http://historyresearch.utah.gov/agencyhistories/1116.html|title=Dept. of Human Services - Agency History #1116|accessdate=2010-06-23|date=2003-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617153409/http://historyresearch.utah.gov/agencyhistories/1116.html|archive-date=2010-06-17|dead-url=yes|df=}}</ref>
The school was placed under repeated scrutiny over the course of the 20th century. In 1909, it was investigated for [[Graft (politics)|graft]].<ref name="Univ-of-Illinois_Press" /> In October 1963, political pressure was brought upon the state after a rash of escapes by internees culminated in the shooting death of Detective Sergeant [[Marshall N. White]].<ref name="Ogden-Standard-Examiner">{{cite web|publisher=[[Ogden Standard-Examiner]]|url=http://archive.ogdencity.com/memorial.mwhite.html|title=Officials Concerned Over Escapee Issue|accessdate=2010-06-24|date=1963-10-18}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> In 1973, the state considered closing the school because of overcrowding and a lack of adequate facilities.<ref name="Utah-History-to-Go" /> In 1977, it was renamed the Youth Development Center.<ref name="Utah-State-Archives-1116">{{cite web|publisher=Utah State Archives|url=http://historyresearch.utah.gov/agencyhistories/1116.html|title=Dept. of Human Services - Agency History #1116|accessdate=2010-06-23|date=2003-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617153409/http://historyresearch.utah.gov/agencyhistories/1116.html|archive-date=2010-06-17|url-status=dead}}</ref>


The Utah affiliate of the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] brought suit against the center in the 1980s, charging it with inhumane conditions of confinement.<ref name="ACLU-Utah">{{cite web|publisher=[[ACLU]] of Utah|url=http://www.acluutah.org/history.htm|title=The History of the ACLU of Utah|accessdate=2010-06-24}}</ref> The center was finally closed in 1983 and replaced by two newer facilities in Ogden and [[Salt Lake City]] as Utah moved towards community-based treatment and rehabilitation instead of [[incarceration]] of juvenile offenders.<ref name="University-of-Utah">{{cite web|publisher=[[University of Utah]] |url=http://www.justice.utah.gov/research/Juvenile/Serious%20Youth%20Offender.pdf |title=The Impact of the Serious Youth Offender Law |author=Russell K. Van Vleet |accessdate=2010-06-24 |date=October 1999 |display-authors=etal |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221194823/http://www.justice.utah.gov/Research/Juvenile/Serious%20Youth%20Offender.pdf |archivedate=December 21, 2009 }}</ref> In 1984, the site became the present-day location of [[Ogden–Weber Applied Technology College]].<ref name="AAOMH">{{cite web|publisher=Phileas Deigh Corporation|url=http://www.sacredhealing.com/triadoption/AAOMH/Utah.pdf|title=Adoption Agencies, Orphanages and Maternity Homes: An historical directory, Vol. 2, p.386: Utah|author=Reg Niles|accessdate=2010-06-23|year=1981}}</ref>
The Utah affiliate of the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] brought suit against the center in the 1980s, charging it with inhumane conditions of confinement.<ref name="ACLU-Utah">{{cite web|publisher=[[ACLU]] of Utah|url=http://www.acluutah.org/history.htm|title=The History of the ACLU of Utah|accessdate=2010-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204004714/http://www.acluutah.org/history.htm|archive-date=2010-12-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> The center was finally closed in 1983 and replaced by two newer facilities in Ogden and [[Salt Lake City]] as Utah moved towards community-based treatment and rehabilitation instead of [[incarceration]] of juvenile offenders.<ref name="University-of-Utah">{{cite web|publisher=[[University of Utah]] |url=http://www.justice.utah.gov/research/Juvenile/Serious%20Youth%20Offender.pdf |title=The Impact of the Serious Youth Offender Law |author=Russell K. Van Vleet |accessdate=2010-06-24 |date=October 1999 |display-authors=etal |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221194823/http://www.justice.utah.gov/Research/Juvenile/Serious%20Youth%20Offender.pdf |archivedate=December 21, 2009 }}</ref> In 1984, the site became the present-day location of [[Ogden–Weber Technical College]].<ref name="AAOMH">{{cite web|publisher=Phileas Deigh Corporation|url=http://www.sacredhealing.com/triadoption/AAOMH/Utah.pdf|title=Adoption Agencies, Orphanages and Maternity Homes: An historical directory, Vol. 2, p.386: Utah|author=Reg Niles|accessdate=2010-06-23|year=1981|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129055534/http://sacredhealing.com/triadoption/AAOMH/Utah.pdf|archive-date=2010-11-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Notable internees==
==Notable internees==
*[[Jack Abbott (author)|Jack Abbott]] - Author and career criminal who claimed he was scarred for life by the school guards.<ref name="TruTV-JackAbbot">{{cite web|publisher=[[truTV]]|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/celebrity/jack_abbott/4.html|title=Jack Abbott: From the Belly of the Beast|author=Mark Gado|accessdate=2010-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601213633/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/celebrity/jack_abbott/4.html|archive-date=2009-06-01|dead-url=yes|df=}}</ref>
*[[Jack Abbott (author)|Jack Abbott]] - Author and career criminal who claimed he was scarred for life by the school guards.<ref name="TruTV-JackAbbot">{{cite web|publisher=[[truTV]]|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/celebrity/jack_abbott/4.html|title=Jack Abbott: From the Belly of the Beast|author=Mark Gado|accessdate=2010-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601213633/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/celebrity/jack_abbott/4.html|archive-date=2009-06-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Ronnie Lee Gardner]] - Robber and double murderer who was later [[execution by firing squad|executed by firing squad]].<ref name="SLT-20100614">{{cite news|publisher=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]]|url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/49705008-78/gardner-events-shooting-1985.html.csp|title=Ronnie Lee Gardner: A dark and deadly path|author=Nate Carlisle|accessdate=2010-06-22|date=2010-06-14}}</ref>
*[[Ronnie Lee Gardner]] - Robber and double murderer who was later [[execution by firing squad|executed by firing squad]].<ref name="SLT-20100614">{{cite news|publisher=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]]|url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/49705008-78/gardner-events-shooting-1985.html.csp|title=Ronnie Lee Gardner: A dark and deadly path|author=Nate Carlisle|accessdate=2010-06-22|date=2010-06-14}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links==
== External links==
*[http://archives.state.ut.us/cgi-bin/agencylistbackup.cgi?RUNWHAT=AGNYLIST-SECOND&AGENCY=532&A=B Utah: State Industrial School and Youth Development Center] at [[Utah State Archives]]
*[http://archives.state.ut.us/cgi-bin/agencylistbackup.cgi?RUNWHAT=AGNYLIST-SECOND&AGENCY=532&A=B Utah: State Industrial School and Youth Development Center] at [[Utah State Archives]]
*[http://content.lib.utah.edu/u?/USHS_Class,16650 Picture of Utah State Industrial School -1896 - Utah State Historical Society]
*[https://archive.today/20121215054916/http://content.lib.utah.edu/u?/USHS_Class,16650 Picture of Utah State Industrial School -1896 - Utah State Historical Society]


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[[Category:Defunct schools in Utah]]
[[Category:Defunct schools in Utah]]
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[[Category:Prisons in Utah]]
[[Category:Prisons in Utah]]
[[Category:Schools in Weber County, Utah]]
[[Category:Schools in Weber County, Utah]]
[[Category:1888 establishments in Utah Territory]]
[[Category:1983 disestablishments in Utah]]

Latest revision as of 17:29, 23 January 2022

Utah State Industrial School
Location
Map
200 N. Washington Blvd.
Ogden, Utah 84404[2]

United States
Information
TypeReform school
Established1888
Number of students350[1]

Utah State Industrial School was a juvenile reform school that operated in Ogden, Utah from October 31, 1889 to 1983.[3]

History[edit]

In 1896, the school took over the former site of the Ogden Military Academy.

In 1888, the Utah Territorial Assembly passed the Reform School bill, at the initiative of Salt Lake City attorney James Moyle, to help juvenile delinquents by teaching new skills and improving habits. In May 1888, a committee researched schools around the United States to determine which model would be best for the Utah Territory.[3]

The Utah Territorial Reform School opened in Ogden on October 31, 1889. Boys and girls lived in the same dormitories during the first ten years, but daily activities, were divided by gender. Discipline was an ongoing concern deemed necessary to keep children in line at the school. Punishment ranged from deprivation of meals and privileges, to solitary confinement, whipping, and the use of restraints.[3] Youths were confined at the school by the order of juvenile court judges.[4]

On June 24, 1891, a fire destroyed most of the building, including the resident halls. The Ogden Military Academy offered its vacant buildings to operate in while the school was to be rebuilt. In 1896, the school permanently took over the site of the old military academy. With Utah becoming a state, the school was officially renamed the Utah State Industrial School.[3]

Investigations[edit]

The school was placed under repeated scrutiny over the course of the 20th century. In 1909, it was investigated for graft.[4] In October 1963, political pressure was brought upon the state after a rash of escapes by internees culminated in the shooting death of Detective Sergeant Marshall N. White.[5] In 1973, the state considered closing the school because of overcrowding and a lack of adequate facilities.[3] In 1977, it was renamed the Youth Development Center.[6]

The Utah affiliate of the American Civil Liberties Union brought suit against the center in the 1980s, charging it with inhumane conditions of confinement.[7] The center was finally closed in 1983 and replaced by two newer facilities in Ogden and Salt Lake City as Utah moved towards community-based treatment and rehabilitation instead of incarceration of juvenile offenders.[8] In 1984, the site became the present-day location of Ogden–Weber Technical College.[2]

Notable internees[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "The Family Department and the Delivery of Services - Notes". Utah State Courts. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
  2. ^ a b Reg Niles (1981). "Adoption Agencies, Orphanages and Maternity Homes: An historical directory, Vol. 2, p.386: Utah" (PDF). Phileas Deigh Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-11-29. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
  3. ^ a b c d e Yvette D. Ison (June 1995). "Juvenile Delinquency Posed Problems For Utahns A Century Ago". History Blazer. Utah History to Go. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
  4. ^ a b D. Michael Quinn (2001). Same-Sex Dynamics Among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252069581. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
  5. ^ "Officials Concerned Over Escapee Issue". Ogden Standard-Examiner. 1963-10-18. Retrieved 2010-06-24. [dead link]
  6. ^ "Dept. of Human Services - Agency History #1116". Utah State Archives. 2003-07-02. Archived from the original on 2010-06-17. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
  7. ^ "The History of the ACLU of Utah". ACLU of Utah. Archived from the original on 2010-12-04. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
  8. ^ Russell K. Van Vleet; et al. (October 1999). "The Impact of the Serious Youth Offender Law" (PDF). University of Utah. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 21, 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
  9. ^ Mark Gado. "Jack Abbott: From the Belly of the Beast". truTV. Archived from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
  10. ^ Nate Carlisle (2010-06-14). "Ronnie Lee Gardner: A dark and deadly path". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 2010-06-22.

External links[edit]

41°14′45″N 112°00′27″W / 41.24583°N 112.00750°W / 41.24583; -112.00750

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