Yeshaq I: Difference between revisions
No sources point to Yeshaqs I's death being in battle against the Muslims, let alone the Adal which would not exist until after his passing. Instead, they all offer assassination as the cause of his demise. Siting Tadesse Tamrat, who was instead referring to the death of Tewodros I, but linking to a Cambridge study of the region which only mentions Yeshaq by name once, not on p. 155 mind you, but 10 pages later, and doesn't discuss his death is disingenuous. Tags: Reverted references removed |
The Ethiopian Emperors Yishaq I and Tewodros I are both stated in to have fallen in battle to "Walashma princes" in the aforementioned Cambridge paper on the history of the region. |
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A notable example of [[Ethiopian literature]] that has survived from this period is a [[panegyric]] addressed to Yeshaq, which [[Enrico Cerulli]] singled out as a gem of Ethiopian poetry.<ref>David Buxton, ''The Abyssinians'' (New York: Praeger, 1970), p. 131</ref> |
A notable example of [[Ethiopian literature]] that has survived from this period is a [[panegyric]] addressed to Yeshaq, which [[Enrico Cerulli]] singled out as a gem of Ethiopian poetry.<ref>David Buxton, ''The Abyssinians'' (New York: Praeger, 1970), p. 131</ref> |
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[[E. A. Wallis Budge]] states that he was assassinated, and "buried in [[Tadbaba Maryam]]", a [[convent]] in [[Sayint]]<ref>Budge, ''A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia'', 1928 ([[Oosterhout]], the [[Netherlands]]: Anthropological Publications, 1970), p. 303.</ref> |
[[E. A. Wallis Budge]] states that he was assassinated, and "buried in [[Tadbaba Maryam]]", a [[convent]] in [[Sayint]]<ref>Budge, ''A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia'', 1928 ([[Oosterhout]], the [[Netherlands]]: Anthropological Publications, 1970), p. 303.</ref> while Ethiopian historian Tadesse Tamrat believes that the primary sources mask Yeshaq's death in battle against the Muslims.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fage |first1=J.D |title=The Cambridge History of Africa |publisher=Cambridge University press |page=155 |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/archive-files3/roland_oliver_the_cambridge_history_of_africa_vbook4you.pdf}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 09:32, 5 January 2022
| Yesehaq I | |
|---|---|
| Emperor of Ethiopia | |
| Reign | 1414–1429 |
| Predecessor | Tewodros I |
| Successor | Andreyas |
| Dynasty | House of Solomon |
| Father | Dawit I |
Yeshaq I (Ge'ez: ይሥሓቅ), throne name: Gabra Masqal II (Ge'ez: ገብረ መስቀል) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1414 to 1429, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the second son of Emperor Dawit I.
History
Yeshaq's reign was marked by a revolt of the Beta Israel. In response, the Emperor marched into Wegera, where he defeated the rebels at Kossoge some 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Gondar, thereby ending the revolt. He also had the church Debre Yeshaq built there to commemorate his victory.[1] Yeshaq also invaded the Shanqella region beyond Agawmeder, and to the southeast he fought against the sons of Sa'ad ad-Din II who returned from exile in the Arabian Peninsula.
Yeshaq, according to the Islamic historian al-Maqrizi, hired a group of Mamluks led by al-Tabingha to train his army in gunnery and swordfighting. This is the earliest reference to firearms (Arabic naft) in Ethiopia.[2] About the same time another Egyptian visitor, a Copt, "reorganized the kingdom," according to al-Maqrizi, "and collected so much wealth for the Hati [the Emperor] that he enjoyed the king's authority." This unnamed Copt also introduced the practice of the Emperor dressing in "splendid" clothes and carrying a cross, which made him stand out from his subjects.[3]
Further, George Wynn Brereton Huntingford suggests that it was during Yeshaq's reign that the rulers of Ethiopia ceased having permanent capitals; instead, their courts were held in their encampments as they progressed around their realm.[4]
Yeshaq made the earliest known contact from post-Axumite Ethiopia to a European ruler. He sent a letter by two dignitaries to Alfonso V of Aragon, which reached the king in 1428, proposing an alliance against the Muslims and would be sealed by a dual marriage, that would require Infante Peter to bring a group of artisans to Ethiopia, where he would marry Yeshaq's daughter. It is not clear how or if Alfonso responded to this letter, although in a letter that reached Yeshaq's successor Zara Yaqob in 1450, Alfonso wrote that he would be happy to send artisans to Ethiopia if their safe arrival could be guaranteed, for on a previous occasion a party of thirteen of his subjects traveling to Ethiopia had all perished.[5]
A notable example of Ethiopian literature that has survived from this period is a panegyric addressed to Yeshaq, which Enrico Cerulli singled out as a gem of Ethiopian poetry.[6]
E. A. Wallis Budge states that he was assassinated, and "buried in Tadbaba Maryam", a convent in Sayint[7] while Ethiopian historian Tadesse Tamrat believes that the primary sources mask Yeshaq's death in battle against the Muslims.[8]
References
- ^ James Bruce, Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile (1805 edition), vol. 3, p. 97
- ^ Richard Pankhurst, "Linguistic and Cultural Data on the Penetration of Fire-Arms into Ethiopia", Journal of Ethiopian Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1 (1971), pp. 47–82.
- ^ Richard Pankhurst, The Ethiopians: A History (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998), pp. 75f
- ^ Huntingford, (translator and editor), The Glorious Victories of 'Amda Seyon King of Ethiopia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965), p. 16 n.
- ^ O. G. S. Crawford (editor), Ethiopian Itineraries, circa 1400–1524 (Cambridge: the Hakluyt Society, 1958), pp. 12f.
- ^ David Buxton, The Abyssinians (New York: Praeger, 1970), p. 131
- ^ Budge, A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia, 1928 (Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970), p. 303.
- ^ Fage, J.D. The Cambridge History of Africa (PDF). Cambridge University press. p. 155.
