Viverravidae: Difference between revisions
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===Classification=== |
===Classification=== |
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Taxonomy retrieved from the [[Paleobiology Database]]<ref>Paleobiology Database. Retrieved with [http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=taxonInfo&taxon_no=40992 Fossilworks] (March 3, 2017)</ref> |
Taxonomy retrieved from the [[Paleobiology Database]]<ref>Paleobiology Database. Retrieved with [http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=taxonInfo&taxon_no=40992 Fossilworks] (March 3, 2017)</ref> |
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* Superfamily: †'''Viverravoidea''' <small>(Wortman & Matthew, 1899)</small> |
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** Family: †'''Viverravidae''' <small>(Wortman & Matthew, 1899)</small> |
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|style="text-align: center;"|Superfamily: †'''Viverravoidea''' {{small|(Wortman & Matthew, 1899)}}<br>Family: †'''Viverravidae''' {{small|(Wortman & Matthew, 1899)}} |
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**** †''Orientictis spanios'' <small>(Huang & Zheng, 2005)</small> |
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*** Genus: †''[[Pappictidops]]'' <small>(Qiu & Li, 1977)</small> |
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**** †''Pappictidops acies'' <small>(Wang, 1978)</small> |
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**** †''Pappictidops obtusus'' <small>(Wang, 1978)</small> |
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* Genus: †''[[Orientictis]]'' {{small|(Huang & Zheng, 2005)}} |
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** †''Orientictis spanios'' {{small|(Huang & Zheng, 2005)}} |
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* Genus: †''[[Pappictidops]]'' {{small|(Qiu & Li, 1977)}} |
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** †''Pappictidops acies'' {{small|(Wang, 1978)}} |
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** †''Pappictidops obtusus'' {{small|(Wang, 1978)}} |
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** †''Pappictidops orientalis'' {{small|(Qiu & Li, 1977)}} |
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* Genus: †''[[Preonictis]]'' {{small|(Tong & Wang, 2006)}} |
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** †''Preonictis youngi'' {{small|(Tong & Wang, 2006)}} |
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* Genus: †''[[Variviverra]]'' {{small|(Tong & Wang, 2006)}} |
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** †''Variviverra vegetatus'' {{small|(Tong & Wang, 2006)}} |
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* ''[[Incertae sedis]]'': |
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***** †''Didymictis altidens'' <small>(Cope, 1880)</small> |
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** †[[Viverravidae sp. (CM 71188 & CM 71189)|Viverravidae sp. [''CM 71188'' & ''CM 71189'']]] {{small|(Friscia & Rasmussen, 2010)}} |
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* Subfamily: †'''[[Didymictinae]]''' {{small|(Flynn & Galiano, 1982)}} |
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** Genus: †''[[Bryanictis]]'' {{small|(MacIntyre, 1966)}} |
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*** †''Bryanictis microlestes'' {{small|(Simpson, 1935)}} |
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*** †''Bryanictis paulus'' {{small|(Meehan & Wilson, 2002)}} |
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⚫ | ** Genus: †''[[Didymictis]]'' {{small|(Cope, 1875)}}<ref name="Zack2012">{{cite journal |last1=Zack |first1=Shawn P. |title=Deciduous dentition of ''Didymictis'' (Carnivoramorpha: Viverravidae): implications for the first appearance of "Creodonta" |journal=Journal of Mammalogy |volume=93 |issue=3 |year=2012 |pages=808–817 |issn=0022-2372 |doi=10.1644/11-MAMM-A-245.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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*** †''Didymictis altidens'' {{small|(Cope, 1880)}} |
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*** †''Didymictis dellensis'' {{small|(Dorr, 1952)}} |
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*** †''Didymictis leptomylus'' {{small|(Cope, 1880)}} |
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*** †''Didymictis protenus'' {{small|(Cope, 1874)}} |
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*** †''Didymictis proteus'' {{small|(Polly, 1997)}} |
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*** †''Didymictis vancleveae'' {{small|(Robinson, 1966)}} |
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** Genus: †''[[Intyrictis]]'' {{small|(Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)}} |
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*** †''Intyrictis vanvaleni'' {{small|(MacIntyre, 1966)}} |
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** Genus: †''[[Pristinictis]]'' {{small|(Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994)}} |
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*** †''Pristinictis connata'' {{small|(Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994)}} |
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** Genus: †''[[Protictis]]'' {{small|(Matthew, 1937)}} |
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*** †''Protictis agastor'' {{small|(Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)}} |
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*** †''Protictis haydenianus'' {{small|(Cope, 1882)}} |
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*** †''Protictis minor'' {{small|(Meehan & Wilson, 2002)}} |
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*** †''Protictis paralus'' {{small|(Holtzman, 1978)}} |
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*** †''Protictis simpsoni'' {{small|(Meehan & Wilson, 2002)}} |
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** Genus: †''[[Protictoides]]'' {{small|(Flynn & Galiano, 1982)}} |
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*** †''Protictoides aprophatos'' {{small|(Flynn & Galiano, 1982)}} |
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** Genus: †''[[Raphictis]]'' {{small|(Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)}} |
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*** †''Raphictis gausion'' {{small|(Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)}} |
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*** †''Raphictis iota'' {{small|(Scott, 2008)}} |
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*** †''Raphictis machaera'' {{small|(Rankin, 2009)}} |
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*** †''Raphictis nanoptexis'' {{small|(Rankin, 2009)}} |
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** ''[[Incertae sedis]]'': |
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***** †''Simpsonictis tenuis'' <small>(Simpson, 1935)</small> |
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*** †''[[Deltatherium durini|"Deltatherium" durini]]'' {{small|(Van Valen, 1978)}} |
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* Subfamily: †'''[[Ictidopappus|Ictidopappinae]]''' {{small|(Van Valen, 1969)}} |
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** Genus: †''[[Ictidopappus]]'' {{small|(Simpson, 1935)}} |
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*** †''Ictidopappus mustelinus'' {{small|(Simpson, 1935)}} |
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* Subfamily: †'''[[Viverravinae]]''' {{small|(Wortman & Matthew, 1899)}} |
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** Genus: †''[[Simpsonictis]]'' {{small|(MacIntyre, 1962)}} |
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*** †''Simpsonictis jaynanneae'' {{small|(Rigby, 1980)}} |
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*** †''Simpsonictis pegus'' {{small|(Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)}} |
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*** †''Simpsonictis tenuis'' {{small|(Simpson, 1935)}} |
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** Genus: †''[[Viverravus]]'' {{small|(Marsh, 1872)}} |
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*** †''Viverravus acutus'' {{small|(Matthew & Granger, 1915)}} |
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*** †''Viverravus gracilis'' {{small|(Marsh, 1872)}} |
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*** †''Viverravus lawsoni'' {{small|(Hooker, 2010)}} |
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*** †''Viverravus minutus'' {{small|(Wortman, 1901)}} |
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*** †''Viverravus rosei'' {{small|(Polly, 1997)}} |
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*** †''Viverravus sicarius'' {{small|(Matthew, 1909)}} |
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*** †''Viverravus'' sp. [Locality Group 2, Washakie Basin, Wyoming] {{small|(Tomiya, 2021)}} |
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*** †''Viverriscus omnivorus'' {{small|(Beard & Dawson, 2009)}} |
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===Phylogeny=== |
===Phylogeny=== |
Revision as of 11:50, 10 November 2022
Viverravidae early | |
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skull of Viverravus minutus | |
lower jaw of Ictidopappus mustelinus | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Clade: | Pan-Carnivora |
Clade: | Carnivoramorpha |
Superfamily: | †Viverravoidea Wortman & Matthew, 1899 |
Family: | †Viverravidae Wortman & Matthew, 1899[1] |
Type genus | |
†Viverravus Marsh, 1872
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Genera | |
[see classification]
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Synonyms | |
Viverravidae ("civet ancestors") is an extinct monophyletic family of mammals from extinct superfamily Viverravoidea within the clade Carnivoramorpha, that lived from the early Palaeocene to the late Eocene in North America, Europe and Asia.[5] They were once thought to be earliest carnivorans and ancestral to extant carnivorans, but now are placed outside the order Carnivora based on cranial morphology as a relatives (a plesion-group) to extant carnivorans.[6][7]
General characteristics
Wang and Tedford propose that they arose in North America 66-60 million years ago, spread to Asia then later to Europe, and were the first carnivoramorphans and possessed the first true pair of carnassial teeth.[8] In viverravids, the skull is elongated and the number of molars is reduced to two (M1/m1 and M2/m2 are present and M3/m3 are absent).
Classification and phylogeny
Classification
Taxonomy retrieved from the Paleobiology Database[9]
Superfamily: †Viverravoidea (Wortman & Matthew, 1899) Family: †Viverravidae (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
PhylogenyThe phylogenetic relationships of Viverravidae are shown in the following cladogram:[3][11][12][13][14][15]
References
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