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'''Equinae''' is a [[subfamily]] of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Equidae]], known from the [[Hemingfordian]] stage of the [[Early Miocene]] (16 million years ago) onwards.<ref name=":pbdb">[http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=65578&is_real_user=1 Paleobiology Database: Equinae basic info.]</ref> They originated in North America, before dispersing to every continent except Australia and Antarctica. They are thought to be a [[monophyletic]] grouping.<ref>B. J. MacFadden. 1998. Equidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America</ref> Members of the subfamily are referred to as '''equines'''; the only extant equines are the [[horse]]s, [[Asinus|ass]]es, and [[zebra]]s of the genus [[Equus (genus)|''Equus'']]. |
'''Equinae''' is a [[subfamily]] of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Equidae]], known from the [[Hemingfordian]] stage of the [[Early Miocene]] (16 million years ago) onwards.<ref name=":pbdb">[http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=65578&is_real_user=1 Paleobiology Database: Equinae basic info.]</ref> They originated in North America, before dispersing to every continent except Australia and Antarctica. They are thought to be a [[monophyletic]] grouping.<ref>B. J. MacFadden. 1998. Equidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America</ref> Members of the subfamily are referred to as '''equines'''; the only extant equines are the [[horse]]s, [[Asinus|ass]]es, and [[zebra]]s of the genus [[Equus (genus)|''Equus'']], with two other genera ''[[Haringtonhippus]]'' and ''[[Hippidion]]'' becoming extinct at the beginning of the Holocene, around 11-12,000 years ago. |
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The subfamily contains two tribes, the [[Equini]] and the [[Hipparionini]], as well as two unplaced genera, ''[[Merychippus]]'' and ''[[Scaphohippus]]''. Members of the family ancestrally had three toes, while members of the tribe Equini from the Middle Miocene onwards developed monodactyl feet.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Janis |first1=Christine M. |last2=Bernor |first2=Raymond L. |date=2019-04-12 |title=The Evolution of Equid Monodactyly: A Review Including a New Hypothesis |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2019.00119 |issn=2296-701X |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
The subfamily contains two tribes, the [[Equini]] and the [[Hipparionini]], as well as two unplaced genera, ''[[Merychippus]]'' and ''[[Scaphohippus]]''. Members of the family ancestrally had three toes, while members of the tribe Equini from the Middle Miocene onwards developed monodactyl feet.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Janis |first1=Christine M. |last2=Bernor |first2=Raymond L. |date=2019-04-12 |title=The Evolution of Equid Monodactyly: A Review Including a New Hypothesis |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2019.00119 |issn=2296-701X |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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Revision as of 03:27, 25 July 2023
| Equinae Temporal range:
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| Przewalski's horse | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Perissodactyla |
| Family: | Equidae |
| Subfamily: | Equinae Steinmann & Döderlein 1890 |
| Tribes | |
Equinae is a subfamily of the family Equidae, known from the Hemingfordian stage of the Early Miocene (16 million years ago) onwards.[1] They originated in North America, before dispersing to every continent except Australia and Antarctica. They are thought to be a monophyletic grouping.[2] Members of the subfamily are referred to as equines; the only extant equines are the horses, asses, and zebras of the genus Equus, with two other genera Haringtonhippus and Hippidion becoming extinct at the beginning of the Holocene, around 11-12,000 years ago.
The subfamily contains two tribes, the Equini and the Hipparionini, as well as two unplaced genera, Merychippus and Scaphohippus. Members of the family ancestrally had three toes, while members of the tribe Equini from the Middle Miocene onwards developed monodactyl feet.[3]
Sister taxa
References
- ^ Paleobiology Database: Equinae basic info.
- ^ B. J. MacFadden. 1998. Equidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America
- ^ Janis, Christine M.; Bernor, Raymond L. (2019-04-12). "The Evolution of Equid Monodactyly: A Review Including a New Hypothesis". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7. doi:10.3389/fevo.2019.00119. ISSN 2296-701X.
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