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The descriptive appelation 'Tindaethwy' refers to the ''cwmwd'' ({{lang-en|[[commote]]}}) in the ''[[cantref]]'' of Rhosyr, and the location of Cynan's ''llys'' ({{lang-en|[[royal court]]}}) at [[Llanfaes]] on the southeastern coast of [[Anglesey]].<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Lloyd|1911|pp=232}}, ''A History of Wales, Vol I''</ref>
The descriptive appelation 'Tindaethwy' refers to the ''cwmwd'' ({{lang-en|[[commote]]}}) in the ''[[cantref]]'' of Rhosyr, and the location of Cynan's ''llys'' ({{lang-en|[[royal court]]}}) at [[Llanfaes]] on the southeastern coast of [[Anglesey]].<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Lloyd|1911|pp=232}}, ''A History of Wales, Vol I''</ref>


Cynan was the son of [[Rhodri Molwynog ap Idwal]]{{#tag:ref|A pedigree in the ''[[Harleian genealogies]]'' gives "'' ... Rotri Map Mermin Map Ethil Merch Cinnan Map Rotri M. Tutgual M. Catgualart M. Catman M. Jacob ...''", and from there back through [[Maelgwn Gwynedd]] to [[Cunedda]] and his ancestors.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Owen|1841|pp=xiv}}, ''Pedigree of Ywain Son of Hywel'', in the ''Preface'' of ''Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales''</ref> ''Jesus College MS. 20'' gives "''Rodri. M. Meruyn. M. Ethellt. Merch Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned ...''", and from there back to Cunedda.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1887|pp=87}}, ''Pedigrees from Jesus College MS. 20''</ref>|group=note}} and ascended to the throne of Gwynedd after the death of his distant cousin King [[Caradog ap Meirion]] in 798. There is no historical record of Cynan's early years as king, but his reign ended in a combination of natural disasters and military reverses.
Cynan was the son of [[Rhodri Molwynog ap Idwal]] and ascended to the throne of Gwynedd after the death of King [[Caradog ap Meirion]] in 798. Cynan and Hywel are said to be brothers in historical works such as [[John Edward Lloyd|Lloyd]]'s ''History of Wales'', which does not cite its source.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Lloyd|1911|pp=231}}, ''A History of Wales''</ref> Sources such as the ''[[Annales Cambriae]]'' mention them by name only.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=163 &ndash; 164}}, ''Annales Cambriae''</ref> The genealogy of ''Jesus College MS. 20'' gives Hywel as the son of [[Caradog ap Meirion]],<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1887|pp=89}} &mdash; his pedigree is given as: ''Howel. M. Crada6c. M. meircha6n. M. Howel. M. Runya6n. M. Einya6n. M. Idwm. M. Cadwall. M. meic. M. Ewein. M. Cenlas. M. Ewein danwyn. M. Einya6n yrth. M. Cuneda Wledic.''</ref> while it gives Cynan as the son of Rhodri Molwynog,<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1887|pp=87}} &mdash; his pedigree is given as: ''... Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned ...'', and from there back to Cunedda.</ref> as does the ''[[Harleian genealogies]]''.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Owen|1841|pp=xiv}}, ''Pedigree of Ywain Son of Hywel'', in the ''Preface'' of ''Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales'' &mdash; his pedigree is given as: '' ... Rotri Map Mermin Map Ethil Merch Cinnan Map Rotri M. Tutgual M. Catgualart M. Catman M. Jacob ...'', and from there back through [[Maelgwn Gwynedd]] to [[Cunedda]] and his ancestors.</ref>
[[File:Gwynedd General Map.jpg|thumb|right|220px|A general map of Gwynedd showing the ''[[cantref]]i''.]]
[[File:Gwynedd General Map.jpg|thumb|right|220px|A general map of Gwynedd showing the ''[[cantref]]i''.]]
In 810 there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle throughout Wales. The next year [[Deganwy]], the ancient fortified ''llys'' of [[Maelgwn Gwynedd]] and built of wood, was struck by lightning.
There is no historical record of Cynan's early years as king, but his reign ended in a combination of natural disasters and military reverses. In 810 there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle throughout Wales. The next year [[Deganwy]], the ancient fortified ''llys'' of [[Maelgwn Gwynedd]] and built of wood, was struck by lightning.


A destructive war between Cynan and his brother Hywel{{#tag:ref|The ''Annales Cambriae'' and the ''Brut y Saeson'' both note that struggle was between Cynan and Hywel, but only the ''Brut y Saeson'' says that Hywel was the brother of Cynan.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Parry|1829|pp=63}}, the ''Brut y Saeson''</ref>|group=note}} raged on [[Anglesey]] between 812 and 816, ultimately ending with Cynan's defeat and banishment. He would die in exile within a year, the ''Annales Cambriae'' noting that King Cynan had died,<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=164}} &mdash; 816, the ''Annales Cambriae''</ref> while the ''Irish Annals'' noted that "Conan mac Ruadhrach, rex Britonum, defunctus est".<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Reeves|1857|pp=389}} &mdash; 816, the ''Chronicon Hyense''</ref>
A destructive war between Cynan and Hywel raged on [[Anglesey]] between 812 and 816, ultimately ending with Cynan's defeat and banishment. He would die in exile within a year, the ''[[Annales Cambriae]]'' noting that King Cynan had died,<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=164}} &mdash; 816, the ''Annales Cambriae''</ref> while the ''Irish Annals'' noted that "Conan mac Ruadhrach, rex Britonum, defunctus est".<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Reeves|1857|pp=389}} &mdash; 816, the ''Chronicon Hyense''</ref>


In 817, after Cynan's death, there was a notable battle at his ''llys'' at Llanfaes on Anglesey.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=164}} &mdash; 818, the ''Annales Cambriae''</ref> The combatants are not identified.<ref group=note>Various historical works assume it was an invasion by the [[Mercia]]ns, by [[Egbert of Wessex|Ecgberht of Wessex]], or by the [[Vikings]], but there is no authority for those claims. As it took place at Cynan's ''llys'', it could as easily have been a consequence of the dynastic struggle won by Hywel, but now between Hywel and Cynan's supporters.</ref>
In 817, after Cynan's death, there was a notable battle at his ''llys'' at Llanfaes on Anglesey.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=164}} &mdash; 818, the ''Annales Cambriae''</ref> The combatants are not identified.<ref group=note>Various historical works assume it was an invasion by the [[Mercia]]ns, by [[Egbert of Wessex|Ecgberht of Wessex]], or by the [[Vikings]], but there is no authority for those claims. As it took place at Cynan's ''llys'', it could as easily have been a consequence of the dynastic struggle won by Hywel, but now between Hywel and Cynan's supporters.</ref>

Revision as of 17:09, 7 September 2009

Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri (English: Cynan of Tindaethwy, son of Rhodri) was King of Gwynedd (reigned 798 – 816). His reign was marked by a destructive dynastic power struggle with his brother Hywel, and is not otherwise notable.

The descriptive appelation 'Tindaethwy' refers to the cwmwd (English: commote) in the cantref of Rhosyr, and the location of Cynan's llys (English: royal court) at Llanfaes on the southeastern coast of Anglesey.[1]

Cynan was the son of Rhodri Molwynog ap Idwal and ascended to the throne of Gwynedd after the death of King Caradog ap Meirion in 798. Cynan and Hywel are said to be brothers in historical works such as Lloyd's History of Wales, which does not cite its source.[2] Sources such as the Annales Cambriae mention them by name only.[3] The genealogy of Jesus College MS. 20 gives Hywel as the son of Caradog ap Meirion,[4] while it gives Cynan as the son of Rhodri Molwynog,[5] as does the Harleian genealogies.[6]

A general map of Gwynedd showing the cantrefi.

There is no historical record of Cynan's early years as king, but his reign ended in a combination of natural disasters and military reverses. In 810 there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle throughout Wales. The next year Deganwy, the ancient fortified llys of Maelgwn Gwynedd and built of wood, was struck by lightning.

A destructive war between Cynan and Hywel raged on Anglesey between 812 and 816, ultimately ending with Cynan's defeat and banishment. He would die in exile within a year, the Annales Cambriae noting that King Cynan had died,[7] while the Irish Annals noted that "Conan mac Ruadhrach, rex Britonum, defunctus est".[8]

In 817, after Cynan's death, there was a notable battle at his llys at Llanfaes on Anglesey.[9] The combatants are not identified.[note 1]

Notes

  1. ^ Various historical works assume it was an invasion by the Mercians, by Ecgberht of Wessex, or by the Vikings, but there is no authority for those claims. As it took place at Cynan's llys, it could as easily have been a consequence of the dynastic struggle won by Hywel, but now between Hywel and Cynan's supporters.

Citations

  1. ^ Lloyd 1911:232, A History of Wales, Vol I
  2. ^ Lloyd 1911:231, A History of Wales
  3. ^ Phillimore 1888:163–164, Annales Cambriae
  4. ^ Phillimore 1887:89 — his pedigree is given as: Howel. M. Crada6c. M. meircha6n. M. Howel. M. Runya6n. M. Einya6n. M. Idwm. M. Cadwall. M. meic. M. Ewein. M. Cenlas. M. Ewein danwyn. M. Einya6n yrth. M. Cuneda Wledic.
  5. ^ Phillimore 1887:87 — his pedigree is given as: ... Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned ..., and from there back to Cunedda.
  6. ^ Owen 1841:xiv, Pedigree of Ywain Son of Hywel, in the Preface of Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales — his pedigree is given as: ... Rotri Map Mermin Map Ethil Merch Cinnan Map Rotri M. Tutgual M. Catgualart M. Catman M. Jacob ..., and from there back through Maelgwn Gwynedd to Cunedda and his ancestors.
  7. ^ Phillimore 1888:164 — 816, the Annales Cambriae
  8. ^ Reeves 1857:389 — 816, the Chronicon Hyense
  9. ^ Phillimore 1888:164 — 818, the Annales Cambriae

References

  • Davies, John (1990), A History of Wales (First ed.), London: Penguin Group (published 1993), ISBN 0-713-99098-8
  • Lloyd, John Edward (1911), A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest, vol. I (2nd ed.), London: Longmans, Green, and Co (published 1912){{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Owen, Aneurin, ed. (1841), Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales, vol. I
  • Parry, Henry (translator), ed. (1829), "Brut y Saeson", Archaeologia Cambrensis, Third, vol. IX, London: J. Russell Smith (published 1863), p. 59 – 67 {{citation}}: |editor-first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Phillimore, Egerton, ed. (1887), "Pedigrees from Jesus College MS. 20", Y Cymmrodor, vol. VIII, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 77–92
  • Phillimore, Egerton (1888), "The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859", in Phillimore, Egerton (ed.), Y Cymmrodor, vol. IX, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 141–183{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Reeves, William, ed. (1857), "Additional Notes (Chronicon Hyense)", The Life of St. Columba, to which are added Copious Notes and Dissertations, Dublin: Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society, pp. 369–413{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Skene, William Forbes, ed. (1867), Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History, Edinburgh: Edinburgh General Register House
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Gwynedd
798 – 816 		Succeeded by
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