Josutu League

The Josutu League (Зостын чуулган, ᠵᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ, ǰosutu-yin čiɣulɣan) was a league of Mongolia during the Manchu Qing Dynasty. It was the southernmost league of the Mongol land and neighbored China. It faced devastating floods of Chinese colonization. As a result, a large part of the former league is today distributed among the Chinese provinces of Liaoning and Hebei while the northern part of the league belongs to Chifeng, Inner Mongolia.

The name of Josutu was named after a place in the Tümed Right Banner, where Mongol princes regularly gathered together to administer inter-banner affairs.

Divisions

The Josutu League consisted of two ayimag or five banners.

• Tümed (or Eastern Tümed): two banners
  • Tümed Left Banner (Mongghuljin Banner), led by descendants of Jelme
  • Tümed Right Wing Banner, led by descendants of the Chinggisid Altan Khan
• Kharachin: three banners, all of which were led by descendants of Jelme
  • Kharachin Left Banner
  • Kharachin Middle Banner
  • Kharachin Right Banner

In addition, the Khalkha Banner (Tangghud-Khaklha Banner) was split from the Tümed Left Banner in 1913 under the Republic of China.

Dissolution

As a result of Chinese colonization, a large portion of the Mongol league was surrendered to Chinese administration:

• Fuxin County was split from the Tümed Left Banner.
• Chaoyang County was split from the Tümed Right Banner.
• Lingyuan (or Jianchang) County was split from the Kharachin Left Banner.
• Pingquan Prefecture intruded into a large portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners.
• Jianping County corresponds to an eastern portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners.

There remain two Mongol autonomous counties in Liaoning.

• Some portion of the former Tümed Left Banner became Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County, Fuxin City.
• The remaining portion of the former Kharachin Left Banner became Kharachin Left Wing Mongol Autonomous County, Chaoyang City.

See also

• Jindandao Incident

References

• Yamazaki Sōyo 山崎惣與, Manshū-koku chimei daijiten 滿洲國地名大辭典, p.556,758, 1941.