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SAFEGE is an acronym for the French consortium Société Anonyme Française d' Etude de Gestion et d' Entreprises (English: French Limited Company for the Study of Management and Business) and is pronounced SAY-fij in English.

Company

The consortium, consisting of 25 companies, including the tire-maker Michelin and the Renault automotive company, is a consulting and engineering bureau. It was formed in 1919 as Société Auxiliaire Française d'Électricité, Gaz et Eau, a holding company with interests in private water, gas, and electricity production and distribution. When in 1947, these public utilities were nationalised, the company became the engineering and consulting office which it is today, taking the name Société Anonyme Française d'Études, de Gestion et d'Entreprises.

Today the company is a subsidiary of Suez Environnement and specialises as a consultancy in water and environmental engineering,^[1] but not only (bought IDC, etc.^[2]) Its main market is France, with 60% of the turnover. It also is a leader in several consortias beneficiaires of lots from the EC FWCs (6, 11 and coleading the 2).^[vague]

SAFEGE type monorail

File:Safege.jpg

The SAFEGE test track at Châteauneuf-sur-Loire

SAFEGE gained international recognition for its design of a suspended monorail in the 1960s. The design team was headed by Lucien Chadenson.

Design concept

The design of the system entails suspending passenger cars beneath rubber-tired wheel carriages of the type used more conventionally in the Paris Metro. The carriages are enclosed and supported by a box-like track or beam, with an opening in the bottom. The rubber wheels of the train run inside the track, supported by flanges on the bottom of the beam.

Unlike previous suspended monorails like the Schwebebahn in Wuppertal, Germany, the tracks are not exposed to inclement weather, and do not need any cleaning or ice-removal systems. This advantage enables them to run in cities where ice and other conditions would impair the reliability of the system.

Test installation

The test track built in France by SAFEGE in 1959, was a 1.4 kilometre monorail line that featured prominently in the 1966 movie adaptation of Fahrenheit 451, directed by François Truffaut.^[3]Although the track was dismantled not long thereafter, the original car survived longer.^[4]^[5]

Market position

SAFEGE systems are the leading type of suspended railway currently in transit use, though this consists of just four installations of two different systems. Its chief and more numerous competitor in modern monorail applications are variations of the German-designed ALWEG system, in which the vehicles run on top of, and straddle, a solid beam.

SAFEGE-type monorails in the world

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries developed a working system of SAFEGE-type suspended railways, of which three have operated, all in Japan.

From early 1964 to December 1974, a 0.5-kilometre (0.31 mi) single-line ran between Higashiyama Zoo and the nearby Botanical Gardens in Nagoya, Japan^[6]. While initially popular, it also suffered from mechanical problems and after the first two years of operation, the novelty wore off and it began making a loss^[7]. Plans to expand the zoo and gardens hastened its demise, although the car and a section of track is preserved at one of the stations. While it was initially marketed as a ride, rather than a means of transport, a fare was charged, making it the first revenue-earning SAFAGE/Mitsubishi-type monorail.^[6]
In 1970^[7] the Shonan Monorail opened. It runs from Ōfuna Station in Kamakura to Shōnan-Enoshima Station in Fujisawa.
In 1988^[7], the first stage of the Chiba Urban Monorail system opened, in Chiba. With a 15.2-kilometre (9.4 mi) route length^[7], it is currently the longest suspended monorail in he world.

Siemens

Two Siemens SIPEM lines exist in Germany, one on the Dortmund University campus, the other at the Düsseldorf airport. Siemens no longer actively markets this system, but does still deliver the software for the automatic operation of a SIPEM network and vehicles.

Unfulfilled proposals

In 1966, a proposal was considered to construct a SAFEGE-type monorail in the City of Manchester. The 16-mile (26 km) line was planned to link Manchester Airport with the city and suburbs, with an underground tunnel under the city centre, but the scheme was abandoned due to cost. The city eventually developed its own light rail network, Manchester Metrolink.^[8]^[9]

References

^ The Web site is clearer about the figures: http://www.safege.com/en/a-propos-de-safege/key-figures/key-figures/
^ The Web site shows some references: http://www.idc-consortium.be/references.asp
^ Trenholm, Rich (2009-11-19). "The future is now: Sci-fi films in real locations". Cnet-uk. Fahrenheit 451 (1966). SAFEGE test track, Châteneuf-sur-Loire, near Orléans, France The monorail scenes were filmed on a now-demolished 1.4 km test track built in 1959
^ Lambert, Randy. "Saran, France - SAFEGE Monorail..." Archived version of personal site hosted on now-defunct Yahoo! GeoCities; a photo essay of the derelict SAFEGE monorail cars now in storage in France. Archived from the original on October 20, 2009. Retrieved 2010-07-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Zapato, Lyle (2004-12-11). "French Monorail Trash". Monorail Danger.
^ ^a ^b Voice, David (2010). Monorails of the World: A History of Passenger Monorails (1 ed.). Adam Gordon. p. 37. ISBN 978 1 874422 81 5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Demery, Leroy. "Monorails in Japan: An Overview" (PDF). www.publictransit.us. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
^ "Monorail for Manchester?". archive.commercialmotor.com. 28 January 1966. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
^ Ogden, Eric; Senior, John (1992). Metrolink. Glossop, Derbyshire: Transport Publishing Company. ISBN 0-86317-155-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

External links

Monorail society: Technical Page - Safege. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
SAFEGE company Web site, in English
SAFEGE in Poland website

[1] The Web site is clearer about the figures: http://www.safege.com/en/a-propos-de-safege/key-figures/key-figures/

[2] The Web site shows some references: http://www.idc-consortium.be/references.asp

[CNET_0,39029552,49304078,00-3] Trenholm, Rich (2009-11-19). "The future is now: Sci-fi films in real locations". Cnet-uk. Fahrenheit 451 (1966). SAFEGE test track, Châteneuf-sur-Loire, near Orléans, France The monorail scenes were filmed on a now-demolished 1.4 km test track built in 1959

[Geocities_1061-4] Lambert, Randy. "Saran, France - SAFEGE Monorail..." Archived version of personal site hosted on now-defunct Yahoo! GeoCities; a photo essay of the derelict SAFEGE monorail cars now in storage in France. Archived from the original on October 20, 2009. Retrieved 2010-07-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Zapatopi_2004-12-11-5] Zapato, Lyle (2004-12-11). "French Monorail Trash". Monorail Danger.

[Voice-6] Voice, David (2010). Monorails of the World: A History of Passenger Monorails (1 ed.). Adam Gordon. p. 37. ISBN 978 1 874422 81 5.

[Demery-7] Demery, Leroy. "Monorails in Japan: An Overview" (PDF). www.publictransit.us. Retrieved 3 January 2017.

[8] "Monorail for Manchester?". archive.commercialmotor.com. 28 January 1966. Retrieved 5 March 2017.

[9] Ogden, Eric; Senior, John (1992). Metrolink. Glossop, Derbyshire: Transport Publishing Company. ISBN 0-86317-155-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

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@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 ===SAFEGE-type monorails in the world===
+====[[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]]====
-*[[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]] developed a working system of SAFEGE-type suspended railways, of which there are two in Japan. One is the [[Chiba Urban Monorail]] in [[Chiba, Chiba|Chiba]] and the other is the [[Shonan Monorail]] which runs from [[Ōfuna Station]] in [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]] to [[Shōnan-Enoshima Station]] in [[Fujisawa, Kanagawa|Fujisawa]]. In addition, from early 1964 to December 1974, [[:ja:名古屋市交通局協力会東山公園モノレール|a 0.5km single-line]] ran between [[Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens|Higashiyama Zoo and the nearby Botanical Gardens]] in [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]]<ref name="Voice">{{cite book|last1=Voice|first1=David|date=2010|publisher=Adam Gordon|isbn=978 1 874422 81 5|page=37|edition=1}}</ref>. While initially popular, it also suffered from mechanical problems and after the first two years of operation, the novelty wore off and it began making a loss<ref name="Demery">{{cite web|last1=Demery|first1=Leroy|title=Monorails in Japan: An Overview|url=http://www.publictransit.us/ptlibrary/specialreports/sr9.JapanMonorails.pdf|publisher=www.publictransit.us|accessdate=3 January 2017}}</ref>. Plans to expand the zoo and gardens hastened its demise, although the car and a section of track is preserved at one of the stations. While it was initially marketed as a ride, rather than a means of transport, a fare was charged, making it the first revenue-earning SAFAGE/Mitsubishi-type monorail.<ref name="Voice"/>
+Mitsubishi Heavy Industries developed a working system of SAFEGE-type suspended railways, of which three have operated, all in Japan.
+*From early 1964 to December 1974, [[:ja:名古屋市交通局協力会東山公園モノレール|a {{convert|0.5|km|mi|adj=on}} single-line]] ran between [[Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens|Higashiyama Zoo and the nearby Botanical Gardens]] in [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]]<ref name="Voice">{{cite book|last1=Voice|first1=David|date=2010|publisher=Adam Gordon|isbn=978 1 874422 81 5|page=37|edition=1|title=Monorails of the World: A History of Passenger Monorails}}</ref>. While initially popular, it also suffered from mechanical problems and after the first two years of operation, the novelty wore off and it began making a loss<ref name="Demery">{{cite web|last1=Demery|first1=Leroy|title=Monorails in Japan: An Overview|url=http://www.publictransit.us/ptlibrary/specialreports/sr9.JapanMonorails.pdf|publisher=www.publictransit.us|accessdate=3 January 2017}}</ref>. Plans to expand the zoo and gardens hastened its demise, although the car and a section of track is preserved at one of the stations. While it was initially marketed as a ride, rather than a means of transport, a fare was charged, making it the first revenue-earning SAFAGE/Mitsubishi-type monorail.<ref name="Voice"/>
+*In 1970<ref name="Demery"/> the [[Shonan Monorail]] opened. It runs from [[Ōfuna Station]] in [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]] to [[Shōnan-Enoshima Station]] in [[Fujisawa, Kanagawa|Fujisawa]].
+*In 1988<ref name="Demery"/>, the first stage of the [[Chiba Urban Monorail]] system opened, in [[Chiba, Chiba|Chiba]]. With a {{convert|15.2|km|mi|adj=on}} route length<ref name="Demery"/>, it is currently the longest suspended monorail in he world.
+====[[Siemens]]====
 *Two Siemens [[H-Bahn|SIPEM]] lines exist in Germany, one on the [[Technical University of Dortmund|Dortmund University]] campus, the other at the [[Düsseldorf Airport|Düsseldorf airport]]. Siemens no longer actively markets this system, but does still deliver the software for the automatic operation of a SIPEM network and vehicles.
 ====Unfulfilled proposals====