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In 1986, the Electronic Publishing Special Interest Group (EPSIG), a consortium sponsored by the [[OCLC |Online Computer Library Center]] (OCLC), recommended the DTDs developed by the Electronic Manuscript Project be used as an American Standard.<ref name="cave" /> With the support of the AAP and the Graphic Communications Association (GCA), the recommendations were accepted and, in 1988, the AAP DTD became the [[American National Standards Institute]]'s ''Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup'' (ANSI/NISO Z39.59) standard. Being based on the [[ASCII]] [[character encoding]] standard, it includes a large set of entity definitions for special characters.<ref name="Herwijnen-1994-111" />
In 1986, the Electronic Publishing Special Interest Group (EPSIG), a consortium sponsored by the [[OCLC |Online Computer Library Center]] (OCLC), recommended the DTDs developed by the Electronic Manuscript Project be used as an American Standard.<ref name="cave" /> With the support of the AAP and the Graphic Communications Association (GCA), the recommendations were accepted and, in 1988, the AAP DTD became the [[American National Standards Institute]]'s ''Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup'' (ANSI/NISO Z39.59) standard. Being based on the [[ASCII]] [[character encoding]] standard, it includes a large set of entity definitions for special characters.<ref name="Herwijnen-1994-111" />


AAP and EPSIG continued heir collaboration and published a revised version of the specification in 1989,<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Reference Manual on Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Author’s Guide to Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2)| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Markup of tabular material (Version 2)| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Markup of mathematical formulas (Version 2)| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref> identifying three document types in the field of pubishing: Book, Serial Publication, and Article, for each of which the revised specification offers a DTD.<ref>{{Cite journal| volume = 16| issue = 2| pages = 103–145| last1 = Goossens| first1 = Michel| last2 = Saarela| first2 = Janne| title = A practical introduction to SGML| journal = TUGboat| accessdate = 2017-08-28| date = November 1995| url = }}</ref>
AAP and EPSIG continued their collaboration and published a revised version of the specification in 1989,<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Reference Manual on Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Author’s Guide to Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2)| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Markup of tabular material (Version 2)| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Association of American Publishers, EPSIG| title = Markup of mathematical formulas (Version 2)| location = Dublin, OH, USA| date = 1989}}</ref> identifying three document types in the field of pubishing: Book, Serial Publication, and Article, for each of which the revised specification offers a DTD.<ref>{{Cite journal| volume = 16| issue = 2| pages = 103–145| last1 = Goossens| first1 = Michel| last2 = Saarela| first2 = Janne| title = A practical introduction to SGML| journal = TUGboat| accessdate = 2017-08-28| date = November 1995| url = }}</ref>


Eric van Herwijnen, the head of the text processing section at [[CERN]],<ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 0891-2017| volume = 17| issue = 1| pages = 110–116| last = van Ess-Dkema| first = Carol| title = Review of "Practical SGML" by Eric Van Herwijnen. Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990.| journal = Computational Linguistics| date = March 1991}}</ref> refined the specification for it to be accepted by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] as the ISO 12083 standard, first published in 1993,<ref name="Herwijnen-1994-111">{{cite book|last=Van Herwijnen|first=Eric|title=Practical SGML|year=1994|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780792394341|page=111}}</ref> revised in 1994<ref>{{Cite web| title = ISO 12083:1994 - Information and documentation -- Electronic manuscript preparation and markup| work = International Organization for Standardization| accessdate = 2017-08-27| date = October 1994| url = https://www.iso.org/standard/20866.html}}</ref> and last reconfirmed in 2016.<ref>{{Cite| publisher = International Organization for Standardization| title = ISO Update, Supplement to ISO Focus| date = February 2016| url=https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/news/magazine/ISOupdate/EN/2016/ISOupdate_February_2016.pdf}}</ref>
Eric van Herwijnen, the head of the text processing section at [[CERN]],<ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 0891-2017| volume = 17| issue = 1| pages = 110–116| last = van Ess-Dkema| first = Carol| title = Review of "Practical SGML" by Eric Van Herwijnen. Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990.| journal = Computational Linguistics| date = March 1991}}</ref> refined the specification for it to be accepted by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] as the ISO 12083 standard, first published in 1993,<ref name="Herwijnen-1994-111">{{cite book|last=Van Herwijnen|first=Eric|title=Practical SGML|year=1994|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780792394341|page=111}}</ref> revised in 1994<ref>{{Cite web| title = ISO 12083:1994 - Information and documentation -- Electronic manuscript preparation and markup| work = International Organization for Standardization| accessdate = 2017-08-27| date = October 1994| url = https://www.iso.org/standard/20866.html}}</ref> and last reconfirmed in 2016.<ref>{{Cite| publisher = International Organization for Standardization| title = ISO Update, Supplement to ISO Focus| date = February 2016| url=https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/news/magazine/ISOupdate/EN/2016/ISOupdate_February_2016.pdf}}</ref>

Revision as of 19:25, 31 August 2017

ISO 12083 (informally known as "AAP markup"[1]) is an international SGML standard for document interchange between authors and publishers, featuring separate DTDs for books, serials, articles, and math.

History

In 1983, the Association of American Publishers (AAP), a coalition of book and journal publishers in North America, launched the Electronic Manuscript Project, the first effort ever to develop a commercial SGML application.[2] The project sought to create a standard for document interchange that would allow the publishing industry to reap the benefits of digitization. Key participants included organizations such as the US Library of Congress, the American Society of Indexers, the IEEE, the American Chemical Society, the American Institute of Physics, and the American Mathematical Society.[2]

In 1983, Aspen Systems Corporation was hired to conduct the work over a two-year period. Two preliminary works with restricted distribution were produced in 1985, the draft AAP DTD[3] and author guidelines.[4][5]

In 1986, the Electronic Publishing Special Interest Group (EPSIG), a consortium sponsored by the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), recommended the DTDs developed by the Electronic Manuscript Project be used as an American Standard.[2] With the support of the AAP and the Graphic Communications Association (GCA), the recommendations were accepted and, in 1988, the AAP DTD became the American National Standards Institute's Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (ANSI/NISO Z39.59) standard. Being based on the ASCII character encoding standard, it includes a large set of entity definitions for special characters.[6]

AAP and EPSIG continued their collaboration and published a revised version of the specification in 1989,[7][8][9][10] identifying three document types in the field of pubishing: Book, Serial Publication, and Article, for each of which the revised specification offers a DTD.[11]

Eric van Herwijnen, the head of the text processing section at CERN,[12] refined the specification for it to be accepted by the International Organization for Standardization as the ISO 12083 standard, first published in 1993,[6] revised in 1994[13] and last reconfirmed in 2016.[14]

Usage

In practice, ISO 12082 is seldom used in its pure form, yet it is the basis of many DTDs in common use.[15]

References

  1. ^ McCallum, Sally (1996). "What Makes a Standard?". Cataloging and Classification Standards and Rules. New York: The Haworth Press. pp. 5–16. ISBN 978-1-136-58921-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c Cave, Francis (2003-12-01). "Article Metadata Standards: An Historical Review". OCLC Systems & Services: International Digital Library Perspectives. 19 (4): 144–148. doi:10.1108/10650750310698766. ISSN 1065-075X. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  3. ^ Association of American Publishers' Standard for Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Exchange. Washington: AAP. 1985.
  4. ^ Author Guidelines for the Preparation, Creation and Exchange of Electronic Manuscripts. Washington: AAP. 1985.
  5. ^ Smith, Joan M. (1986-03-01). "The Implications of SGML for the Preparation of Scientific Publications". The Computer Journal. 29 (3): 193–200. doi:10.1093/comjnl/29.3.193.
  6. ^ a b Van Herwijnen, Eric (1994). Practical SGML. Springer. p. 111. ISBN 9780792394341.
  7. ^ Reference Manual on Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2. Dublin, OH, USA: Association of American Publishers, EPSIG. 1989.
  8. ^ Author’s Guide to Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (Version 2). Dublin, OH, USA: Association of American Publishers, EPSIG. 1989.
  9. ^ Markup of tabular material (Version 2). Dublin, OH, USA: Association of American Publishers, EPSIG. 1989.
  10. ^ Markup of mathematical formulas (Version 2). Dublin, OH, USA: Association of American Publishers, EPSIG. 1989.
  11. ^ Goossens, Michel; Saarela, Janne (November 1995). "A practical introduction to SGML". TUGboat. 16 (2): 103–145. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  12. ^ van Ess-Dkema, Carol (March 1991). "Review of "Practical SGML" by Eric Van Herwijnen. Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990". Computational Linguistics. 17 (1): 110–116. ISSN 0891-2017.
  13. ^ "ISO 12083:1994 - Information and documentation -- Electronic manuscript preparation and markup". International Organization for Standardization. October 1994. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
  14. ^ ISO Update, Supplement to ISO Focus (PDF), International Organization for Standardization, February 2016
  15. ^ Kasdorf, William E. (2003). "Markup: XML & Related Technologies". The Columbia Guide to Digital Publishing. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 65–154. ISBN 978-0-231-12499-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)

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