Dolní Marklovice
(Polish: ) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Petrovice u Karviné in 1952. Petrůvka River flows through the village.
History
The village of Marklowice was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305 as item (in) Marklowitz debent esse triginta mansi.[1][2][3] It meant that the village was supposed to pay tithe from 30 smaller lans. The creation of the village was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in late 13th century on the territory of what will be later known as Upper Silesia.
Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Teschen, formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg Monarchy.
The village became a seat of a Catholic parish. First wooden church was built in 1360. It was mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among 50 parishes of Teschen deaconry as Merclowicz.[4] After 1540s Protestant Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen and a local Catholic church consecreated to Saint Nicholas was taken over by Lutherans. It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings) in the region by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 14 April 1654.[5]
They were briefly reunited 1938-39 after Poland's annexation of Zaolzie, although in two separate powiats of Cieszyn (Marklowice Górne) and Frysztat (Marklowice Dolne). Today's Dolní Marklovice is a western part of that village. Eastern part of the village is now known as Marklowice Górne and lies in Poland.
In the 17th century it was split into the two parts, Marklowice Dolne and Marklowice Górne. They were joined together again at the end of the 19th century. After World War I, fall of Austria-Hungary, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it was divided between these two countries, and Dolní Marklovice became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by Poland, administratively organised in Frysztat County of Silesian Voivodeship.[6] Marklowice Górne stayed in the separate powiat of Cieszyn. The villages was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.
The most important landmark of the village is a wooden Ascension of the Lord Church. It was built in 1739 of larch wood and consecrated to the Ascension of the Lord, as opposed to the earlier patron. There is a Mother of God painting from 1860 in the church. It was painted by Polish painter and publicist Edward Świerkiewicz. Church is under permanent conservationist supervision and systematically conserved. There is a cemetery surrounding the church. The landmark had been depicted in the works of many artists like Franciszek Świder, Rudolf Żebrok and Tadeusz Wratny.
People
- Rudolf Paszek, Polish teacher and politician
See also
Footnotes
- ^ Panic, Idzi (2010). Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. p. 297-299. ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ Schulte, Wilhelm (1889). Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis (in German). Breslau.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis" (in Latin). Retrieved 13 July 2014.
- ^ "Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem, archidiaconum Opoliensem, ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis, sedis apostolice collectoris, collecti". Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens (in German). 27. Breslau: H. Markgraf: 361–372. 1893. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help); Unknown parameter|publicationplace=ignored (|publication-place=suggested) (help) - ^ Broda, Jan (1992). "Materiały do dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI i XVII wieku". Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim (in Polish). Katowice: Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski „Didache“. pp. 259–260. ISBN 83-85572-00-7.
- ^ "Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego". Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich (in Polish). nr 18/1938, poz. 35. Katowice. 31 October 1938. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
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References
- Londzin, Józef (1932). Kościoły drewniane na Śląsku Cieszyńskim. Cieszyn: Dziedzictwo błog. Jana Sarkandra. pp. 186–191. OCLC 297540848.
- Owczarzy, Władysław (January 2008). "Marklowicki kościółek". Zwrot: 20–21.
- Zahradnik, Stanisław (1991). Struktura narodowościowa Zaolzia na podstawie spisów ludności 1880-1991. Trzyniec: HT. OCLC 189422554.
- Template:Cs icon History of Marklovice