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Rebecca Kabat, as vice-president of [[Clarion Fund]], wrote to the [[Internal Revenue Service]] that Castello Limited{{cn}} produced "Obsession".<ref>
{{otheruses}}
{{cite web
{{Taxobox
| url = http://centerforinvestigativereporting.org/files/Clarion2.pdf
|
| archiveurl http://www.webcitation.org/5bTbWUUoJ
| name = Crocodile
| archivedate 2008-10-10
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]] - Recent
| title = Clarion Fund correspondence with Internal Revenue Service
| image = NileCrocodile.jpg
| last = Kabat
| image_caption = [[Nile Crocodile]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| first = Rebecca
| date = 2007-07-23
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| format = pdf
| classis = [[Reptile|Sauropsida]]
| publisher = [[Center for Investigative Reporting]]
| ordo = [[Crocodilia]]
| quote = The film 'Obsession' was produced by Castello Limited.
| familia = '''Crocodylidae'''
| accessdate = 2008-10-10
| familia_authority = [[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1807
}}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
* ''[[Crocodylus]]''
* ''[[Osteolaemus]]''
'''See [[Crocodile#Taxonomy of the Crocodylidae|full taxonomy]].'''
}}
A '''crocodile''' is any [[species]] belonging to the [[family (biology)|family]] '''Crocodylidae''' (sometimes classified instead as the [[subfamily]] '''Crocodylinae'''). The term can also be used more loosely to include all members of the [[order (biology)|order]] [[Crocodilia]]: i.e. the true crocodiles, the [[alligator]]s and [[caiman]]s (family [[Alligatoridae]]) and the [[gharial]]s (family [[Gavialidae]]), or even the [[Crocodylomorpha]] which includes prehistoric crocodile relatives and ancestors. Crocodiles are large aquatic [[reptile]]s that live throughout the [[tropics]] in [[Africa]], [[Asia]], the [[Americas]] and [[Australia]]. Crocodiles tend to congregate in freshwater habitats like [[river]]s, [[lake]]s, [[wetland]]s and sometimes in [[brackish]] water. They feed mostly on [[vertebrate]]s like [[fish]], [[reptile]]s, and [[mammal]]s, sometimes on [[invertebrate]]s like [[mollusk]]s and [[crustacean]]s, depending on species. They are an ancient lineage, and are believed to have changed little since the time of the dinosaurs. They are believed to be 200 million years old whereas dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago; crocodiles survived great extinction events.<ref name=ausfauna>Grigg, Gordon and Gans, Carl (1993) Morphology And Physiology Of The Crocodylia, in Fauna of Australia Vol 2A Amphibia and Reptilia, chapter 40, pages 326-336. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. [http://eprint.uq.edu.au/archive/00002011/02/croc.pdf PDF]</ref>


==Producer pseudonyms==
==Description==
:''Crocodiles are similar to alligators and caiman; for their common biology and differences between them, see [[Crocodilia]].''


Executive producer Peter Mier, an alias for an unnamed Canadian Jewish businessman, provided about 80 percent of the movie's $400,000 budget, according to Raphael Shore. Shore also identified the production manager Brett Halperin as an alias.<ref name="lrb">
[[Image:Crocodilelyd5.png|thumb||Crocodiles, like dinosaurs, have the abdominal ribs modified into ''[[Gastralium|gastralia]]'']]
{{cite web
Crocodiles are among the more biologically complex reptiles despite their prehistoric look. Unlike other reptiles, they incorporate muscles used for aquatic locomotion into respiration (e.g. ''M. diaphragmaticus''; giving them the functional equivalent of a diaphragm),<ref name="Uriona & Farmer, 2008">Uriona TJ, Farmer CG. 2008. Recruitment of the diaphragmaticus, ischiopubis and other respiratory muscles to control pitch and roll in the American alligator (''Alligator mississippiensis''). ''Journal of Experimental Biology'' '''211''': 1141-1147.</ref> [[cerebral cortex]] and four-chambered [[heart]]. Their external morphology on the other hand is a sign of their aquatic and predatory lifestyle. A crocodile’s physical traits allow it to be a successful [[predator]]. They have a streamlined body that enables them to swim swiftly. Crocodiles also tuck their feet to their sides while swimming, which makes them faster by decreasing water resistance. They have webbed feet which, although not used to propel the animal through the water, allow it to make fast turns and sudden moves in the water or initiate swimming. Webbed feet are an advantage in shallower water where the animals sometimes move around by walking.
| url = http://www.lrb.co.uk/v30/n19/shtz01_.html
| title = Short Cuts
| last = Shatz
| first = Adam
| work = [[London Review of Books]]
| date = 2008-10-09
| accessdate = 2008-10-03
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news
| url = http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/873843.html
| title = 'Obsession' stokes passions, fears and controversy
| last = Berman
| first = Daphna
| work = [[Haaretz]]
| date = 2007-06-28
| quote = But Mier and Halperin are just aliases, Shore says.
| accessdate = 2008-10-07
}}</ref>


==Disclaimer==
Crocodiles have a palatal flap, a rigid tissue at the back of the mouth that blocks the entry of water. The palate has a special path from the nostril to the glottis that bypasses the mouth. The nostrils are closed during submergence. Like other [[archosaur]]s, crocodilians are [[diapsid]], although their post-temporal [[fenestrae]] are reduced. The walls of the braincase are bony but they lack supratemporal and postfrontal bones.<ref name=ausfauna/>
The movie starts with a disclaimer:
"This is a film about radical Islamic terror. A dangerous ideology, fueled by religious hatred. It's important to remember most Muslims are peaceful and do not support terror. This is not a film about them. This is a film about a radical worldview, and the threat it poses to us all, Muslim and non-Muslim alike."<ref>
{{cite news
| url = http://www.jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/091708/opi_333084896.shtml
| title = Terrorism: Looking for context
| work = [[The Florida Times-Union]]
| date = 2008-09-16
| location = [[Jacksonville, Florida]]
| accessdate = 2008-10-09
| quote = The documentary, Obsession, a DVD contained in this newspaper last Sunday, begins with a disclaimer. 'This is a film about radical Islamic terror.'
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://blog.news-record.com/staff/jrblog/2008/09/why_we_didnt_di.shtml
| title = Why we didn't distribute "Obsession"
| last = Robinson
| first = John
| work = The Editor's Log
| publisher = [[Greensboro News & Record]]
| location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina]]
| date = 2009-09-21
| accessdate = 2008-10-09
| quote = The documentary begins with a statement: 'This is a film about radical Islamic terrorism.'
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
| url = http://wweek.com/editorial/3447/11601/
| title = Obsession
| last = Mesh
| first = Aaron
| date = 2008-10-01
| volume = 34
| issue = 47
| journal = [[Willamette Week]]
| publisher = Willamette Week Newspaper
| location = [[Portland, Oregon]]
| accessdate = 2008-10-09
| quote = 'It's important to remember,' a title card warns in the first minute, over the sounds of ominous ululating, 'most Muslims are peaceful and do not support terror.'
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
| url = http://www.tsweekly.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3348&Itemid=71
| title = "Obsession": Springing a September Surprise?
| last = Miller
| first = H Bruce
| date = 2008-09-30
| journal = The Source Weekly
| publisher = Lay It Out Inc
| location = [[Bend, Oregon]]
| accessdate = 2008-10-09
| quote = The opening sequence contains a cautionary note: 'It is important to remember most Muslims are peaceful and do not support terror.'
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news
| url = http://cbs4.com/local/obsession.muslim.religion.2.818889.html
| title = "Obsession" DVD Raises Concerns Over Propaganda
| date = 2008-09-16
| work = [[WFOR-TV]]
| location = [[Miami, Florida]]
| publisher = [[CBS Television Stations]]
| accessdate = 2008-10-09
| quote = At the beginning of the film, it points out 'It's important to remember, most Muslims are peaceful and do not support terror.'
}}</ref>


==Interviews==
Crocodilian scales have pores that are believed to be sensory, analogous to the [[lateral line]] in fishes. They are particularly seen on their upper and lower jaws. Another possibility is that they are secretory, as they produce an oily substance that appears to flush mud off.<ref name=ausfauna/>
Interviews with the following persons appear in the movie:<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.obsessionthemovie.com/about_interviews.php
| title = Interviewees
| work = Obsession the movie
| year = 2008
| accessdate = 2008-10-08
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| url=http://www.obsessionwithhate.com/thepundits.php
| title = The Pundits
| year = 2008
| work = Obsession with Hate
| publisher = Hate Hurts America
| accessdate = 2008-10-08
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news
| url = http://www.jta.org/cgi-bin/iowa/breaking/110533.html
| title = Islamic council wants probe of 'Obsession'
| date = 2008-09-25
| agency = [[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]
| quote = ...a number of the interviewees in the documentary are on the record as describing Islam as inherently prone to hegemony.
| accessdate = 2008-10-08
}}</ref>
====_====
*[[Nonie Darwish]], founder of Arabs for Israel
*[[Alan Dershowitz]]
*[[Steven Emerson]]
*[[Brigitte Gabriel]], founder of [[American Congress for Truth ]]<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://actforamerica.org/index.php/learn/about-act-for-america
| title = About ACT! for America
| accessdate = 2008-10-08
}}</ref>
*[[Martin Gilbert]]
*[[Caroline Glick]]
*[[Alfons Heck]]
*[[Glen Jenvey]]
*[[John Loftus]]
*[[Salim Mansur]]
*[[Itamar Marcus]]
*[[Khaleel Mohammed]]
*[[Daniel Pipes]]
*[[Tashbih Sayyed]]
*[[Walid Shoebat]]
*[[Khaled Abu Toameh]]
*[[Robert Wistrich]]


==Screenings==
Crocodiles are very fast over short distances, even out of water. They have extremely powerful jaws capable of biting down with immense force, by far the strongest bite of any animal. The crocodile's bite force is more than 5,000 pounds per square inch,<ref>National Geographic documentary; "Bite Force", Brady Barr.</ref> compared to just 335 psi for a [[rottweiler]], 400 psi for a large [[great white shark]], or 800 to 1,000 psi for a [[hyena]]. They have sharp teeth for tearing and holding onto flesh, but cannot open their mouth if it is held closed. Since crocodiles feed by grabbing and holding onto their prey, they have evolved powerful muscles that close the jaws and hold them shut. The jaws are opened, however, by a very weak set of muscles. Crocodiles can thus be subdued for study or transport by [[duct tape|taping]] their jaws or holding their jaws shut with large [[rubber band]]s cut from automobile [[tire|inner tube]]s. All crocodiles have sharp and powerful claws. They have limited lateral (side-to-side) movement in their neck.
===Television===
===Public===
In [[Dearborn, Michigan]], local religious leaders called a free screening of the documentary on {{date|2008-09-11}} a divisive publicity stunt.<ref name="Warikoo">
{{cite news
| url = http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080911/NEWS05/809110352
| title = Critics slam screening of Muslim documentary today
| last = Warikoo
| first = Niraj
| work = [[Detroit Free Press]]
| publisher = Freep.com
| date = 2008-09-11
| accessdate = 2008-10-07
}}</ref>
Joe Wierzbicki<ref>
{{cite news
| url = http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=95076174
| title = Charity Floods Swing States With Anti-Islam DVD
| last = Overby
| first = Peter
| work = [[Morning Edition]]
| publisher = [[National Public Radio]]
| date = 2008-09-26
| accessdate = 2008-10-07
| quote = Wierzbicki, the movie promoter, also works for two political organizations.
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Joe_Wierzbicki
| title = Joe Wierzbicki
| publisher = [[SourceWatch]]
| accessdate = 2008-10-07
}}</ref>
of the King Media Group,<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.kingmediagroup.com/Bios/JoeWierzbicki.asp
| title = Joe Wierzbicki - Director of Public Relations
| publisher = King Media Group
| accessdate = 2008-10-07
}}</ref>
Russo Marsh & Rogers,<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.rmrwest.com/index.php/RMRWest/Principals/index.php#JoeWierzbicki
| url http://www.rmrwest.com/index.php/RMRWest/Principals/principlas.asp#JoeWierzbicki
| title = Principals
| publisher = Russo Marsh & Rogers
| accessdate = 2008-10-07
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Russo_Marsh_and_Rogers
| title = Russo Marsh & Rogers
| publisher = [[SourceWatch]]
| accessdate = 2008-10-07
}}</ref>
and the Our Country Deserves Better PAC,<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.ourcountrydeservesbetter.com/whoweare/index.html
| title = Board Members and Staff
| publisher = Our Country Deserves Better PAC
| accessdate = 2008-10-07
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Our_Country_Deserves_Better
| title = Our Country Deserves Better
| publisher = [[SourceWatch]]
| accessdate = 2008-10-07
}}</ref>
said: "There is a problem with an acceptance of radical Islam in Dearborn more so than anywhere else than I know of," according to the [[Detroit Free Press]], quoting Wierzbicki as a spokesman for a California-based public relations company hired to promote the film.<ref name="Warikoo"/>


===Age===
==Distribution==
Produced in 2005 and released in 2006, the movie had extensive distribution in the autumn of 2008.
There is no reliable way of measuring crocodile age, although several techniques are used to derive a reasonable guess. The most common method is to measure lamellar growth rings in bones and teeth—each ring corresponds to a change in growth rate which typically occurs once a year between dry and wet seasons.<ref>Britton Adam. [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/cnhc/cbd-faq-q3.htm Crocodilian Biology Database, FAQ. "How long do crocodiles live for?"]. Retrieved 9/11/2006.</ref> Bearing these inaccuracies in mind, the oldest crocodilians appear to be the largest species. ''C. porosus'' is estimated to live around 70 years on average, and there is limited evidence that some individuals may exceed 100 years. One of the oldest crocodiles recorded died in a zoo in Russia. A male freshwater crocodile at the [[Australia Zoo]] is estimated to be 130 years old. He was rescued from the wild by [[Bob Irwin]] and [[Steve Irwin]] after being shot twice by hunters. As a result of the shootings, this crocodile (known affectionately as "Mr. Freshy") has lost his right eye.<ref>[http://www.australiazoo.com.au/our-animals/amazing-animals/reptiles/?reptile=crocodilians&animal=freshwater_crocodile#Mr%20Freshy profile of Mr Freshy at Australia Zoo website], accessed [[1 February]] [[2007]]</ref>


RNC & DNC
===Size===
===Newspapers===
===Mail===
Kalamazoo
''{something about Clarion using nonprofit permit and someone else paying}''


==Funding==
[[Image:LargeCroc.jpg|thumb|right|Large [[Saltwater Crocodile]] in captivity in Australia]]
Sources and amount of funding for production and distribution of the movie remain unknown.
Size greatly varies between species, from the [[dwarf crocodile]] to the [[saltwater crocodile]]. Species of ''Palaeosuchus'' and ''Osteolaemus'' grow to an adult size of just 1 to 1.5 m. Larger species can reach over 4.85 m (16 ft) long and weigh well over 1200 kg (2,640 lb). Crocodilians show pronounced [[sexual dimorphism]] with males growing much larger and more rapidly than females.<ref name=ausfauna/> Despite their large adult size, crocodiles start their life at around 20 cm (8 inches) long. The largest species of crocodile is the [[saltwater crocodile]], found in northern Australia, throughout [[south-east Asia]], and in the surrounding waters.


28 million copies in 74 newspapers <ref name="lrb"/>
The largest recorded crocodile is a giant saltwater crocodile measured at 8.6 meters (28.2 ft) and 1352 kg weight (2870 lb) shot in [[Australia]], [[Queensland]] in 1957. A "replica" of this crocodile has been made as a tourist attraction.<ref name = NGeographicCroc/> The largest living crocodile known is a 7.1 m (25.3 ft) long [[saltwater crocodile]], in [[Orissa]], India. It lives in [[Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary]] and in June 2006, was entered in the Guinness Book of World Records.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://in.today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=2006-06-16T161028Z_01_NOOTR_RTRJONC_0_India-255100-1.xml|
title=Orissa crocodile recognised as world's largest|
publisher=Reuters|
date=[[2006-06-16]]|
accessdate = 2006-06-18}} </ref>


The [[Clarion Fund]] paid [[The Chronicle of Higher Education]] $28,000 to distribute 70,000 DVDs.
Two larger certifiable records are both of 6.2 m crocodiles. The first crocodile was shot in the [[Mary River (Northern Territory)|Mary River]] in the [[Northern Territory]] of [[Australia]] in 1974 by poachers and measured by wildlife rangers{{Fact|date=September 2008}}. The second crocodile was killed in 1983 in the [[Fly River]], [[Papua New Guinea]]. In the case of the second crocodile it was actually the skin that was measured by zoologist Jerome Montague, and as skins are known to underestimate the size of the actual animal, it is possible this crocodile was at least another 10 cm longer.{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
{{ cite web
[[Image:Sweetheart.gif|thumb|left|[[Sweetheart (crocodile)|Sweetheart]], a large saltwater crocodile that attacked boats]]
| url = http://www.jewsonfirst.org/08a/obsession.html
| title = Insertion of millions of Obsession DVDs in swing-state newspapers appears to aid McCain campaign
| date = 2008-09-14
| quote = The insert cost Clarion Fund $28,000, Chronicle Editor-in-Chief Phil Semas told JewsOnFirst.
}}


"The Endowment for Middle East Truth, ... arranged distribution of ‘Obsession’, at a cost in the tens of millions."<ref name="lrb"/>
The largest crocodile ever held in captivity is an Estuarine–Siamese hybrid named Yai ([[Thai language|Thai]]: ใหญ่, meaning ''big'') (born [[10 June]] [[1972]]) at the famous [[Samutprakarn Crocodile Farm and Zoo]], [[Thailand]]. This animal measures 6 m (19 ft) in length and weighs 1,114.27 kg (2,450 lb.).


==References==
The largest captive crocodile alive in the US is located in South Carolina. In June 2002, Alligator Adventure introduced Utan. At 20 feet long and weighing in at more than a ton, UTAN, the largest crocodile to ever be exhibited in the United States, made his new home in Myrtle Beach.
{{reflist}}


==''Sources''==
Another huge captive specimen was a [[salt water crocodile]] named [[Gomek]]. Gomek was captured by George Craig in Papua New Guinea and sold to St. Augustine Alligator Farm in [[Florida]], [[USA]]. Gomek died of heart disease in February 1997. When he died, he was 5.5 m long—as confirmed by St. Augustine Alligator Farm{{Fact|date=July 2008}}—and probably between 70 and 80 years old.


[http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080911/NEWS05/809110352]
Yet another enormous crocodile, named [[Gustave (crocodile)|Gustave]] by the Africans who have seen him, is responsible for over 300 human deaths, and allegedly ate an entire adult hippopotamus. He also stars in a film titled ''[[Primeval]]''. The crocodile's length is said to be anywhere between 20-30 feet long. He lives along the [[Ruzizi River]] in Africa.


[http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=43983]
Wildlife experts, however, argue that the largest crocodile so far found in the Bhitarkanika was almost 25 feet (7.62 m) long, which could be traced from the skull preserved by the Kanika Royal Family. The crocodile was shot near Dhamara in 1926 and later its skull was preserved by the then Kanika King. Crocodile experts estimate the animal at about 7.62 m long since the size of the skull was measured one seventh of the total length of the body.


[http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2008/09/pennsylvanias_smoking_ban_migh.html]
[[Image:20050527-005-teodoro-crop.jpg|thumb|left|A statue of Saint [[Theodore of Amasea]] treading on a crocodile ([[Venice]], [[Italy]])]]


[http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-esposito2apr02,0,6118014.story]
===Etymology===
The word ''crocodile'' comes from the [[Ancient Greek]] κροκόδīλος (''crocodiilos'') "lizard", used in the phrase ''ho crocodiilos ho potámios'', "the lizard of the [Nile] river" to refer to crocodiles in the current English sense.


[http://www.theamericanmuslim.org/tam.php/features/articles/obsession_dvd_who_put_hate_in_my_sunday_paper/0016778]
There are several variant Greek forms of the word attested, including the later form κροκόδειλος (''crocodeilos'')[http://perseus.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/cgi-bin/vor?lookup=krokodeilos&lang=greek] found cited in many English reference works[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/crocodile]. In the [[Koine Greek]] of [[Roman Empire|Roman]] times, ''crocodiilos'' and ''crocodeilos'' would have been pronounced identically, and either or both may be the source of the [[Classical Latin|Latinized]] form ''crocodīlus'' used by the ancient [[Ancient Rome|Romans]].


[http://www.whmi.com/news/article/7220]
''Crocodiilos/crocodeilos'' itself is described in reference sources as a corruption of ''crocè'' ("pebbly"), and ''driilos/dreilos'' supposedly meaning "worm" although attested only as "(man with circumcized) penis"[http://dictionary.com/browse/crocodile]. It is unclear how well supported this analysis is. The meaning of ''crocè'' is explained as describing the skin texture of lizards (or crocodiles) in most sources, but is alternately claimed to refer to a supposed habit of (lizards or crocodiles) basking on pebbly ground[http://etymonline.com/index.php?search=crocodile].
[http://www.mediatransparency.com/story.php?storyID=247]


[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMLJJEDDDGc video on YouTube]
The form ''crocodrillus'' is attested in [[Medieval Latin]][http://dictionary.com/browse/crocodile]. It is not clear whether this is a medieval corruption or derives from alternate Greco-Latin forms (late Greek ''corcodrillos'' and ''corcodrillion'' are attested).


[http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=37090 Film on "Radical Islam" Tied to Pro-Israel Groups]
A (further) corrupted form ''cocodrille'' is found in [[Old French]] and was borrowed into [[Middle English]] as ''cocodril(le)''. The [[Modern English]] form ''crocodile'' was adapted directly from the Classical Latin ''crocodīlus'' in the 16th Century, replacing the earlier form.


[http://www.obsessionwatch.org/news_obs/stories/meet_obsession_third_jihad.htm Who is behind Relentless, Obsession and The Third Jihad?]
The use of -y- in the scientific name ''[[Crocodylus]]'' (and forms derived from it) is a corruption introduced by [[Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti|Laurenti]] (1768).


[http://www.katu.com/news/29846944.html Group asks The Oregonian not to distribute DVD]
==Biology and behaviour==
Crocodiles are ambush hunters, waiting for fish or land animals to come close, then rushing out to attack. As cold-blooded predators, they are [[lethargic]], therefore survive long periods without food, and rarely need to actively go hunting. Despite their slow appearance, crocodiles are top predators in their environment, and various species have been observed attacking and killing [[shark]]s.<ref name = NGeographicCroc>[http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/saltwater-crocodile.html?nav=A-Z Saltwater Crocodile, Saltwater Crocodile Profile, Facts, Information, Photos, Pictures, Sounds, Habitats, Reports, News - National Geographic<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> A famous exception is the [[Egyptian Plover]] which is said to enjoy a [[symbiotic]] relationship with the crocodile. According to unauthenticated reports, the plover feeds on parasites that infest the crocodile's mouth and the reptile will open its jaws and allow the bird to enter to clean out the mouth (Richford and Mead 2003).


[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/873843.html 'Obsession' stokes passions, fears and controversy]
Many large crocodilians swallow stones (called gastroliths or stomach stones) and they are believed to be of use in acting as ballast to balance their body. Other suggestions have been made that they may have a function similar to that of grit in birds, which is in crushing food.<ref name=ausfauna/>
"Shore, incidentally, was the director of both Aish HaTorah International and the Hasbara Fellowships"

Salt glands are present in the tongues of most crocodylids and they have a pore opening on the surface of the tongue. They appear to be similar to those in marine turtles, however these seem to be absent in Alligatoridae.<ref name=ausfauna/>

Crocodilians can produce sounds during distress and in aggressive displays. They can also hear well and the tympanic membranes are concealed by flat flaps that may be raised or lowered by muscles.<ref name=ausfauna/>

[[Image:IMG 0428-Mexico.JPG|thumb|Crocodile farm in [[Mexico]]]]
Crocodiles eat fish, birds, mammals and occasionally smaller crocodiles.

Crocodiles are protected in many parts of the world, but they also are farmed commercially. Their hide is tanned and used to make leather goods such as shoes and [[handbag]]s, whilst crocodile meat is also considered a delicacy. The most commonly farmed species are the Saltwater and Nile crocodiles, while a hybrid of the Saltwater and the rare [[Siamese]] crocodile is also bred in Asian farms. Farming has resulted in an increase in the Saltwater crocodile population in [[Australia]], as eggs are usually harvested from the wild, so landowners have an incentive to conserve crocodile habitat.

Crocodiles are more closely related to birds and dinosaurs than to most animals classified as reptiles, the three being included in the group [[Archosauria]] ('ruling reptiles'). See [[Crocodilia]] for more information.

Crocodile embryos do not have sex chromosomes, and unlike humans sex is not determined genetically. Sex is determined by temperature, with males produced at around 31.6 °C, and females produced at slightly lower and higher temperatures. The average incubation period is around 80 days, and also is dependent upon temperature.<ref>Britton, Adam. [http://kingsnake.com/oz/crocs/porosus.htm Estuarine Crocodile: Crocodylus porosus]. ''Crocodilians: Natural History Conservation: Crocodiles, Caimans, Alligators, Gharials.'' Retrieved 4 January 2007.</ref>

It has been observed that crocodiles may possess a form of [[homing instinct]]. Three rogue saltwater crocodiles were relocated 400 kilometres by [[helicopter]] in northern [[Australia]] but had returned to their original locations within three weeks, based on data obtained from tracking devices attached to the reptiles.<ref>Read MA, Grigg GC, Irwin SR, Shanahan D, Franklin CE (2007) Satellite Tracking Reveals Long Distance Coastal Travel and Homing by Translocated Estuarine Crocodiles, ''Crocodylus porosus''. PLoS ONE 2(9): e949. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000949</ref>

The [[land speed]] record for a crocodile is 17 km/h (11 mph) measured in a galloping [[Freshwater crocodile|Australian freshwater crocodile]]. <ref>{{cite web
| last = Britton
| first = Adam
| title = Crocodilian Biology Database FAQ, "How fast can a crocodile run?"
| url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/cnhc/cbd-faq-q4.htm
| accessdate = 2008-02-02 }}
</ref> Maximum speed varies from species to species. Certain types of crocodiles can indeed gallop, including Cuban crocodiles, New Guinea crocodiles, [[Dwarf crocodile|African dwarf crocodiles]] and even smaller [[Nile crocodiles]]. For most species, the fastest they can move is a kind of "belly run", where the body moves in a snake-like fashion, limbs splayed out to either side paddling away frantically while the tail whips to and fro. Crocodiles can reach speeds of 10 or 11km/h (around 7 mph) when they "belly run", and often faster if they're slipping down muddy tidal riverbanks. Another form of locomotion is the "high walk" where the body is raised clear off the ground.

[[Image:Siamese Crocodile.jpg|thumb|[[Siamese Crocodile]] sleeping with its mouth open to pant.]]
Crocodiles do not have sweat glands, so they release heat through their mouths. Consequently, they often sleep with their mouth open and may even pant like a dog.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Anitai
| first = Stefan
| title = 14 Amazing Facts About Crocodiles - Living dinosaurs
| url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/14-Amazing-Facts-About-Crocodiles-69931.shtml
| publisher= Softpedia
| accessdate = 2008-04-01}}</ref>

===Danger to humans===
{{Citations missing|section|date=June 2008}}
{{Main|Crocodile attacks}}
The larger [[species]] of crocodiles are very dangerous to humans. The main danger that crocodiles pose is not their ability to run after a person but their ability to strike before the person can react. The [[Saltwater Crocodile|Saltwater]] and [[Nile Crocodile]]s are the most dangerous, killing hundreds of people each year in parts of [[south-east Asia]] and [[Africa]]. [[Mugger crocodile]]s and possibly the endangered [[Black Caiman]], are also very dangerous to humans. [[American Alligator|American alligator]]s are less aggressive and rarely assault humans without provocation. The most deaths in a single crocodile attack incident may have occurred during the [[Battle of Ramree Island]], on February 19, 1945, in [[Burma]]. Nine hundred soldiers of an [[Imperial Japanese Army]] unit, in an attempt to retreat from the [[Royal Navy]] and rejoin a larger battalion of the Japanese [[infantry]], crossed through ten miles (16 km) of [[mangrove swamp]]s which contained Saltwater Crocodiles. Twenty Japanese soldiers were captured alive by the [[United Kingdom|British]], and almost five hundred are known to have escaped Ramree. Many of the remainder may have been eaten by the crocodiles, although gunfire from the British troops was undoubtedly a contributory factor.

== Taxonomy of the Crocodylidae ==
[[Image:Crocfarm.jpg|thumb|right|Crocodile farming in [[Australia]].]]
[[Image:Crocadiles.jpg|right|thumb|right|A bask of crocodiles]]
[[Image:Crocodylus acutus mexico 01.jpg|right|thumb|right|American crocodile at [[La Manzanilla, Jalisco, Mexico]]]]
Most species are grouped into the [[genus]] ''Crocodylus''. The other [[extant taxon|extant]] genus, ''[[Osteolaemus]]'', is [[monotypic]] (as is ''[[Mecistops]]'', if recognized).
* Family Crocodylidae
** '''Subfamily †[[Mekosuchine crocodiles|Mekosuchinae]]''' (extinct)
** '''Subfamily Crocodylinae'''
*** Genus ''[[Crocodylus]]''
**** ''[[Crocodylus acutus]]'', [[American Crocodile]]
**** ''[[Crocodylus cataphractus]]'', [[Slender-snouted Crocodile]] (studies in [[DNA]] and [[morphology (biology)|morphology]] suggest that this species may be more [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] than ''[[Crocodylus]]'', and therefore belongs in its own genus, ''[[Mecistops]]'')<ref>McAliley, Willis, Ray, White, Brochu & Densmore (2006). ''Are crocodiles really monophyletic?—Evidence for subdivisions from sequence and morphological data.'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39:16-32.</ref>
**** ''[[Crocodylus intermedius]]'', [[Orinoco Crocodile]]
**** ''[[Crocodylus johnsoni]]'', [[Freshwater Crocodile]]
**** ''[[Crocodylus mindorensis]]'', [[Philippine Crocodile]]
**** ''[[Crocodylus moreletii]]'', [[Morelet's Crocodile]] or Mexican Crocodile
**** ''[[Crocodylus niloticus]]'', [[Nile Crocodile]] or African Crocodile (the subspecies found in Madagascar is sometimes called the [[Black Crocodile]])
**** ''[[Crocodylus novaeguineae]]'', [[New Guinea Crocodile]]
**** ''[[Crocodylus palustris]]'', [[Mugger Crocodile]], Marsh Crocodile, or Indian Crocodile
**** ''[[Crocodylus porosus]]'', [[Saltwater Crocodile]] or Estuarine Crocodile
**** ''[[Crocodylus rhombifer]]'', [[Cuban Crocodile]]
**** ''[[Crocodylus siamensis]]'', [[Siamese Crocodile]]
*** Genus ''[[Osteolaemus]]''
**** ''[[Osteolaemus tetraspis]]'', [[Dwarf Crocodile]] (there has been controversy whether or not this is actually two species; current thinking is that there is one species with 2 subspecies: ''O. tetraspis tetraspis'' & ''O. t. osborni'')
*** Genus †''[[Euthecodon]]''
*** Genus †''[[Rimasuchus]]'' (formerly ''Crocodylus lloydi'')
*** Genus †''[[Asiatosuchus]]''

Some of the extinct relatives of true crocodiles, members of the larger group [[Crocodylomorpha]], were herbivorous.

==Crocodile products==
[[Image:Crocrodile wallets.jpg|thumb|right|Crocodile leather wallets from Bangkok Crocodile Farm]]

Crocodile leather can be made into goods such as wallets, briefcases, purses, handbags, belts, hats, and shoes.

Crocodile is consumed in some countries, such as Australia, Ethiopia, Thailand, South Africa and also Cuba (in pickled form); it can also be found in specialty restaurants in some parts of the United States. The meat is white and its nutritional composition compares favourably with that of other meats{{Fact|date=August 2008}}. It tends to have a slightly higher cholesterol level than other meats{{Fact|date=August 2008}}. Crocodile meat has a delicate flavour; some describe it as a cross between chicken and crab{{Fact|date=August 2008}}. Cuts of meat include backstrap and tail fillet.

Crocodile oil has been used for centuries as a natural healing skin balm.

==References==
{{reflist}}


[http://www.npr.org/blogs/secretmoney/2008/09/new_details_emerge_about_radic.html Clarion Responds, As New Details Emerge About "Radical Islam" DVD]
==Further reading==
* Iskandar, DT (2000). ''Turtles and Crocodiles of Insular Southeast Asia and New Guinea''. ITB, Bandung.
* Crocodilian Biology Database, FAQ. "How long do crocodiles live for?" Adam Britton. [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/cnhc/cbd-faq-q3.htm]
* Crocodilian Biology Database, FAQ. "How fast can a crocodile run?" Adam Britton. [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/cnhc/cbd-faq-q4.htm]
* {{cite book | author = Richford, Andrew S., and Christopher J. Mead | year = 2003 | title = Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds | chapter = Pratincoles and Coursers | editor = [[Christopher Perrins]] (Ed.) | pages = 252–253 | publisher = Firefly Books | id = ISBN 1-55297-777-3}}


[http://omidsafi.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=42&Itemid=1 Who Put Hate in My Sunday Paper?]
== See also ==
{{Wikispecies|Crocodilia}}
{{commons|Crocodilia}}
{{Wikiversity}}
*[[Crocodile attacks]]
*[[Crocodile exoskeleton]]
*[[Mekosuchine crocodiles]]
*[[Crocodiles in sewers]]
*[[The Crocodile Hunter]]
*[[Steve Irwin]]
*[[Gustave (crocodile)]]
*[[Crocodillin]]


[http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/eboo_patel/2008/09/how_islamophobia_works.html How Islamophobia Works]
== External links ==
* [http://www.crocodilian.com/ Crocodilian Online]
* [http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/cnhc/cbd.html/ Crocodilian Biology Database]
* [http://www.nit.com.au/travel/story.aspx?id=3696 Crocodile Attacks in Australia]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/680840.stm BBC news finds powerful agent in crocodile blood]


[https://www.watchobsession.org/Media0003.html]
{{Crocodilia|C.}}
{{Crocs}}


==''Talk''==
[[Category:Crocodiles]]
The notable controversy stems from the movie and its distribution. The article needs sufficient content to provide context should the article get printed and read without access to wikipedia and the links.[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obsession:_Radical_Islam%27s_War_Against_the_West&printable=yes] Some background on the participants seems appropriate.
[[Category:Crocodylidae]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Africa]]
[[Category:Reptiles of North America]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Asia]]
[[Category:Reptiles of South America]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Australia]]


The controversy has yet to warrant a separate article.
[[ar:تمساح]]
[[id:Buaya]]
[[ms:Buaya]]
[[su:Buhaya]]
[[bg:Крокодилови]]
[[ca:Cocodril]]
[[da:Krokodille]]
[[de:Echte Krokodile]]
[[el:Κροκόδειλος]]
[[es:Crocodylidae]]
[[fr:Crocodylidae]]
[[gl:Crocodilo]]
[[hak:Ngo̍k-ǹg]]
[[ko:크로커다일과]]
[[hr:Pravi krokodili]]
[[io:Krokodilo]]
[[he:תניניים]]
[[ka:ნამდვილი ნიანგები]]
[[kk:Қолтырауын]]
[[ht:Krokodil]]
[[ku:Neheng]]
[[la:Crocodylidae]]
[[lt:Tikrieji krokodilai]]
[[hu:Krokodilfélék]]
[[nl:Krokodillen]]
[[ja:クロコダイル科]]
[[nn:Krokodille]]
[[pl:Krokodylowate]]
[[pt:Crocodilo]]
[[ro:Crocodil]]
[[ru:Настоящие крокодилы]]
[[simple:Crocodile]]
[[sk:Krokodílovité]]
[[fi:Krokotiilit]]
[[sv:Krokodiler]]
[[tl:Buwaya]]
[[ta:முதலை]]
[[te:మొసలి]]
[[th:จระเข้]]
[[vi:Họ Cá sấu đích thực]]
[[tr:Timsahgiller]]
[[uk:Справжні крокодили]]
[[zh:鱷科]]

Revision as of 01:09, 11 October 2008

Rebecca Kabat, as vice-president of Clarion Fund, wrote to the Internal Revenue Service that Castello Limited[citation needed] produced "Obsession".[1]

Producer pseudonyms

Executive producer Peter Mier, an alias for an unnamed Canadian Jewish businessman, provided about 80 percent of the movie's $400,000 budget, according to Raphael Shore. Shore also identified the production manager Brett Halperin as an alias.[2][3]

Disclaimer

The movie starts with a disclaimer: "This is a film about radical Islamic terror. A dangerous ideology, fueled by religious hatred. It's important to remember most Muslims are peaceful and do not support terror. This is not a film about them. This is a film about a radical worldview, and the threat it poses to us all, Muslim and non-Muslim alike."[4][5][6][7][8]

Interviews

Interviews with the following persons appear in the movie:[9][10][11]

_

Screenings

Television

Public

In Dearborn, Michigan, local religious leaders called a free screening of the documentary on 11 September 2008 a divisive publicity stunt.[13] Joe Wierzbicki[14][15] of the King Media Group,[16] Russo Marsh & Rogers,[17][18] and the Our Country Deserves Better PAC,[19][20] said: "There is a problem with an acceptance of radical Islam in Dearborn more so than anywhere else than I know of," according to the Detroit Free Press, quoting Wierzbicki as a spokesman for a California-based public relations company hired to promote the film.[13]

Distribution

Produced in 2005 and released in 2006, the movie had extensive distribution in the autumn of 2008.

RNC & DNC

Newspapers

Mail

Kalamazoo {something about Clarion using nonprofit permit and someone else paying}

Funding

Sources and amount of funding for production and distribution of the movie remain unknown.

28 million copies in 74 newspapers [2]

The Clarion Fund paid The Chronicle of Higher Education $28,000 to distribute 70,000 DVDs. "Insertion of millions of Obsession DVDs in swing-state newspapers appears to aid McCain campaign". 2008-09-14. The insert cost Clarion Fund $28,000, Chronicle Editor-in-Chief Phil Semas told JewsOnFirst.

"The Endowment for Middle East Truth, ... arranged distribution of ‘Obsession’, at a cost in the tens of millions."[2]

References

  1. ^ Kabat, Rebecca (2007-07-23). "Clarion Fund correspondence with Internal Revenue Service" (pdf). Center for Investigative Reporting. Retrieved 2008-10-10. The film 'Obsession' was produced by Castello Limited. {{cite web}}: Text "archivedate 2008-10-10" ignored (help); Text "archiveurl http://www.webcitation.org/5bTbWUUoJ" ignored (help)
  2. ^ a b c Shatz, Adam (2008-10-09). "Short Cuts". London Review of Books. Retrieved 2008-10-03.
  3. ^ Berman, Daphna (2007-06-28). "'Obsession' stokes passions, fears and controversy". Haaretz. Retrieved 2008-10-07. But Mier and Halperin are just aliases, Shore says.
  4. ^ "Terrorism: Looking for context". The Florida Times-Union. Jacksonville, Florida. 2008-09-16. Retrieved 2008-10-09. The documentary, Obsession, a DVD contained in this newspaper last Sunday, begins with a disclaimer. 'This is a film about radical Islamic terror.'
  5. ^ Robinson, John (2009-09-21). "Why we didn't distribute "Obsession"". The Editor's Log. Greensboro, North Carolina: Greensboro News & Record. Retrieved 2008-10-09. The documentary begins with a statement: 'This is a film about radical Islamic terrorism.'
  6. ^ Mesh, Aaron (2008-10-01). "Obsession". Willamette Week. 34 (47). Portland, Oregon: Willamette Week Newspaper. Retrieved 2008-10-09. 'It's important to remember,' a title card warns in the first minute, over the sounds of ominous ululating, 'most Muslims are peaceful and do not support terror.'
  7. ^ Miller, H Bruce (2008-09-30). ""Obsession": Springing a September Surprise?". The Source Weekly. Bend, Oregon: Lay It Out Inc. Retrieved 2008-10-09. The opening sequence contains a cautionary note: 'It is important to remember most Muslims are peaceful and do not support terror.'
  8. ^ ""Obsession" DVD Raises Concerns Over Propaganda". WFOR-TV. Miami, Florida: CBS Television Stations. 2008-09-16. Retrieved 2008-10-09. At the beginning of the film, it points out 'It's important to remember, most Muslims are peaceful and do not support terror.'
  9. ^ "Interviewees". Obsession the movie. 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
  10. ^ "The Pundits". Obsession with Hate. Hate Hurts America. 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
  11. ^ "Islamic council wants probe of 'Obsession'". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2008-09-25. Retrieved 2008-10-08. ...a number of the interviewees in the documentary are on the record as describing Islam as inherently prone to hegemony.
  12. ^ "About ACT! for America". Retrieved 2008-10-08.
  13. ^ a b Warikoo, Niraj (2008-09-11). "Critics slam screening of Muslim documentary today". Detroit Free Press. Freep.com. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  14. ^ Overby, Peter (2008-09-26). "Charity Floods Swing States With Anti-Islam DVD". Morning Edition. National Public Radio. Retrieved 2008-10-07. Wierzbicki, the movie promoter, also works for two political organizations.
  15. ^ "Joe Wierzbicki". SourceWatch. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  16. ^ "Joe Wierzbicki - Director of Public Relations". King Media Group. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  17. ^ "Principals". Russo Marsh & Rogers. Retrieved 2008-10-07. {{cite web}}: Text "url http://www.rmrwest.com/index.php/RMRWest/Principals/principlas.asp#JoeWierzbicki" ignored (help)
  18. ^ "Russo Marsh & Rogers". SourceWatch. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  19. ^ "Board Members and Staff". Our Country Deserves Better PAC. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  20. ^ "Our Country Deserves Better". SourceWatch. Retrieved 2008-10-07.

Sources

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6] [7]

video on YouTube

Film on "Radical Islam" Tied to Pro-Israel Groups

Who is behind Relentless, Obsession and The Third Jihad?

Group asks The Oregonian not to distribute DVD

'Obsession' stokes passions, fears and controversy "Shore, incidentally, was the director of both Aish HaTorah International and the Hasbara Fellowships"

Clarion Responds, As New Details Emerge About "Radical Islam" DVD

Who Put Hate in My Sunday Paper?

How Islamophobia Works

[8]

Talk

The notable controversy stems from the movie and its distribution. The article needs sufficient content to provide context should the article get printed and read without access to wikipedia and the links.[9] Some background on the participants seems appropriate.

The controversy has yet to warrant a separate article.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crocodile&oldid=244485803"