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'''Sudjai Cook''' (born 27 June 1976 in [[Bangkok]] [[Thailand]]<ref>According to ''[[The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers]]'' there are claims that Cook was born in Vietnam</ref>) is an [[Australian rules football]]er who has played in the [[Australian Football League]] for the [[Adelaide Crows]]. He also played in the [[South Australian National Football League]].
{{Campaignbox Philippines, 1941-42}}


==Early life==
'''The Bataan Death March''' (also known as '''''The Death March of Bataan''''') took place in the [[Philippines]] in 1942 and was later accounted as a [[Japanese war crime]]. The 60-mile (97 km) march occurred after the three-month [[Battle of Bataan]], part of the [[Battle of the Philippines]] (1941–42), during [[World War II]]. In [[Japanese language|Japanese]], it is known as {{nihongo|''Batān Shi no Kōshin''|バターン死の行進}}, with the same meaning.
Cook was adopted at 10 weeks old from Thailand and moved to Australia.
{{TOCnestright|maxwidth=200px}}
The march, involving the forcible transfer of 75,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9013704/Bataan-Death-March#84289 Bataan Death March - Britannica Encyclopedia Online]</ref> captured by the Japanese in the Philippines from the Bataan peninsula to [[Prisoner-of-war camp|prison camps]], was characterized by wide-ranging physical abuse and murder, and resulted in very high fatalities inflicted upon the prisoners and civilians along the route by the [[armed force]]s of the [[Empire of Japan]]. Beheadings, cut throats and casual shootings were the more common and merciful actions &mdash; compared to bayonet stabbings, rapes, disembowelments, numerous rifle butt beatings and a deliberate refusal to allow the prisoners food or water while keeping them continually marching for nearly a week (for the slowest survivors) in tropical heat. Falling down, unable to continue moving was tantamount to a death sentence, as was any degree of protest or expression of displeasure.


==AFL career==
[[Image:Bataan Death March route.PNG|thumb|left|Route of the death march. Section from San Fernando to Capas was by rail.]]
Deciding to embark on a career in Australian rules football, he played 7 games for the [[Norwood Football Club]] before being [[rookie list]]ed in 1998 with the [[Australian Football League]] club, [[Adelaide Crows|Adelaide]]. Debuting that year after being promoted to the senior list, he had the distinction of being the first [[Thailand|Thai]]-born player ever to play in the AFL. The [[rover (football)|rover]] was known for his speed and dubbed "the [[Chef]]" by [[Seven Network]] commentator [[Sandy Roberts]]. He went on to play 7 games for the club before being delisted at the end of the year.
Prisoners were attacked for assisting someone failing due to weakness, or for no apparent reason whatsoever. Strings of Japanese trucks were known to drive over anyone who fell. Riders in vehicles would casually stick out a rifle bayonet and cut a string of throats in the lines of men marching alongside the road. Accounts of being forcibly marched for five to six days with no food and a single sip of water are in post war archives including filmed reports.<ref name="WWII Docu">{{cite visual | first = | last = |title= "The Unavoidable war" (WW-II, 1942 plus December 1941)|article="The unavoidable War" (Documentary: Dec 7th 1941 through Dec 31st, 1942)
|author=Public Television station WGBH (Boston) <!-- Programmed 9-10:30 EDST on Comcast cable TV channel WGBHW (WGBH World)---> | accessdate =2007-09-29 |year=2007 | format = documentary, film, stills, interviews, etc. | work = WW-II documentary | producer= WGBH Public Television production }}</ref>


==Post-AFL career==
The exact death count has been impossible to determine, but some historians have placed the minimum death toll between six and eleven thousand men; whereas other post war allied reports have tabulated that only 54,000 of the 72,000 prisoners reached their destination&mdash; taken together, the figures document a casual killing rate of one in four up to two in seven (25% to 28.5%) of those brutalized by the forcible march. The number of deaths that took place in the internment camps from delayed effects of the march is uncertain, but believed to be high.<ref name="WWII Docu"/> One of the last remaining US commanders who survived the Bataan Death March, Dr. Lester Tenney, was interviewed at [[Hitotsubashi University]] in June 2008.<ref>[http://cspr.soc.hit-u.ac.jp/recordings/tenney/view Lester Tenney and Yukako Ibuki - Centre for the Study of Peace and Reconciliation]</ref>
Following his delisting in 2003 Cook returned to the [[Glenelg Football Club]] in the SANFL, having transferred to that club from Norwood in 1999. His SANFL career ended in 2005, after 26 games for Norwood and 122 games for Glenelg.


He currently is an assistant coach for the Broadview Football Club who play in the SAAFL. He is also playing for Broadview at the same time
==The fall of Bataan==
On [[April 9]], [[1942]], as the final stage of the [[Battle of Bataan]], approximately 75,000 [[Filipino people|Filipino]] and [[United States|American]] troops, commanded by Major General [[Edward P. King|Edward "Ned" P. King, Jr.]], were formally surrendered to a Japanese army of 54,000 men under Lt. General [[Masaharu Homma]]. This was the single largest surrender of a military force in American history.

Logistics planning to move the prisoners of war from [[Mariveles, Bataan|Mariveles]] to [[Camp O'Donnell]], a [[prison camp]] in the province of [[Tarlac]], was handed down to transportation officer Major General Yoshitake Kawane ten days prior to the final Japanese assault. The Japanese, having expected the fighting to continue, anticipated about 25,000 prisoners of war and were inadequately prepared and/or unwilling to transport humanely a group of prisoners whose number reached almost three times that estimate.

==The Death March==
[[Image:NA 127-N-114541.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Prisoners on the march from Bataan to the prison camp, May 1942. (National Archives)]][[Image:Anti-Japan2.png|thumb|right|News of this atrocity sparked outrage in the US, as shown by this poster. The newspaper clipping shown refers to the Bataan Death March.]]
At dawn, 9 April 1942, and against the orders of Generals Douglas MacArthur and Jonathan Wainwright{{Fact|date=April 2008}}, [[Edward P. King|Major General Edward P. King, Jr.]], commanding Luzon Force, Bataan, Philippine Islands, surrendered more than 75,000 (66,000 Filipinos, 1,000 Chinese Filipinos, and 11,796 Americans) starving and disease-ridden men. He inquired of Colonel Motoo Nakayama, the Japanese colonel to whom he tendered his pistol in lieu of his lost sword, whether the Americans and Filipinos would be well treated. The Japanese aide-de-camp replied: “We are not barbarians.” The majority of the prisoners of war were immediately robbed of their keepsakes and belongings and subsequently forced to endure a {{convert|90|mi|km|sing=on}} enforced march in deep dust, over vehicle-broken macadam roads, and crammed into rail cars to captivity at Camp O’Donnell. Thousands died en route from disease, starvation, dehydration, heat prostration, untreated wounds, and wanton execution.

Those few who were lucky enough to travel to San Fernando on trucks still had to endure more than twenty-five miles of marching. Prisoners were beaten randomly, and were often denied promised food and water. Those who fell behind were usually executed or left to die; the sides of the roads became littered with dead bodies and those begging for help.

On the Bataan Death March, approximately 54,000 of the 75,000 prisoners reached their destination. The death toll of the march is difficult to assess as thousands of captives were able to escape from their guards. All told, approximately 5,000-10,000 Filipino and 600-650 American prisoners of war died before they could reach Camp O'Donnell.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.pacbell.net/fbaldie/In_Retrospect.html
|title= Bataan, Corregidor, and the Death March: In Retrospect
|accessdate=2007-09-27}}</ref>

==Camps O'Donnell and Cabanatuan==
[[Image:Ww2 131.jpg|left|thumb|Prisoners on burial detail at Camp O'Donnell.]]
On [[June 6]], [[1942]], the Filipino soldiers were granted [[amnesty]] by the Japanese military and released. The American prisoners continued to be held. [[Camp O'Donnell]] presented very hard conditions for the prisoners. They would line up once a day for water. Men were weak and dying from [[dysentery]] and [[beriberi]]. Eventually they were transferred to camps outside of the Philippines. This process began with American prisoners moving from [[Camp O'Donnell]] to [[Cabanatuan City|Cabanatuan]]. Acting as a staging camp, many of these American prisoners then were sent from [[Cabanatuan City|Cabanatuan]] to prison camps in Japan, Korea, and Manchuria in transports known as "[[hell ship]]s." The 511 prisoners-of-war who still remained at the Cabanatuan Prison Camp as of January 1945 were freed during an attack on the camp led by [[6th Ranger Battalion (United States)|United States Army Rangers]] later known as [[Raid at Cabanatuan]].

==War crimes trial==
After the surrender of Japan in 1945, an Allied commission convicted General Homma of war crimes, including the atrocities of the death march out of Bataan, and the following atrocities at Camp O'Donnell and Cabanatuan. The general, who had been absorbed in his efforts to capture Corregidor after the fall of Bataan, claimed in his defense that he remained ignorant of the high death toll of the death march until two months after the event. His neglect would cost him his life; he was [[Military justice|executed]] on [[April 3]], [[1946]] outside [[Manila]].

==Commemorations==
===The Philippines===
Every year on [[April 9]], the captured soldiers are honored on [[Araw ng Kagitingan]] ("Day of Valor"), also known as the "Bataan Day", which is a [[Holidays in the Philippines|national holiday]] in the Philippines.

===Honolulu, Hawaii, USA===
The Sacrifices of the Fall of Bataan and Corregidor are commemorated at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific at Punchbowl, Honolulu, Hawaii every year. In 2008, Philippines Ambassador to the U.S., the honorable Willy Gaa and RP Senator Richard J. Gordon will be joined by Hawaii's Governor Linda Lingle in a wreath laying ceremony. The Philippine consulate in Honolulu host a Thanksgivings Mass and ceremony to honor the event. The Knights of Rizal of Hawaii and the Filipino Veterans of WWII - Hawaii chapter will participate in the ceremony.

===New Mexico, USA===
The Bataan Death March is commemorated every year at the [[White Sands Missile Range]], north of [[Las Cruces, New Mexico]], with a trail marathon known as the Bataan Memorial Death March. The full marathon and {{convert|15|mi|km|sing=on}} run covers paved road and sandy trails, and is regarded by Marathon Guide as one of the top 30 marathons in the United States. <REF>{{Citation
|url=http://www.marathonguide.com/features/Articles/2007RecapOverview.cfm
|title= USA Marathons & Marathoners 2007
|publisher=marathonguide.com
|accessdate=2008-05-08}}</REF>

Around 4,000 marchers participate in both the marathon and the {{convert|15.4|mi|km|sing=on}} run (only the marathon is timed), with members of military units of the United States and foreign armed forces participating, but many civilians also participate, usually running in the full marathon, which is timed with awards (but not certified by USA Track and Field). Several of the few remaining Bataan prisoners usually await the competitors to congratulate them on completing the grueling march. <REF>[http://www.bataanmarch.com/ Official Bataan Memorial Death March Page]</REF>

There are two categories, for both civilian and military divisions, known as "light" and "heavy." In the light category, runners may wear standard distance-running apparel. Marchers in the heavy division must carry a minimum of 35 pounds in rucksacks or backpacks; military entrants in the heavy category must also do so wearing Battle Dress Uniform (BDUs) or their service equivalent uniform.<REF>[http://www.bataanmarch.com/Rules.htm Bataan Memorial Death March Rules]</REF>

===Minnesota, USA===
Company A, 194th Armored Regiment, was deployed to the Philippines in the fall of 1941. To commemorate the military and civilian prisoners who were forced to march from Bataan to Camp O’Donnell, an annual Bataan Memorial March is organized by the 194th Armor Regiment of the [[Minnesota Army National Guard]] and held at [[Brainerd, Minnesota|Brainerd]], [[Minnesota|MN]]. The march is open to anyone with both ten and twenty mile (32 km) distances. The march has different categories, consisting of teams, individuals, light pack, or a heavy pack. A closing ceremony is held to award the finishers and pay tribute to the survivors and their many comrades who perished on the death march.

===Maywood, Illinois, USA===
[[Image:Company B Plaque.JPG|right|thumb|Plaque in Maywood, Illinois]]
For 65 years, this small western suburb of Chicago has marked the second Sunday in September as "Maywood Bataan Day". This is the anniversary of the first Maywood Bataan Day, held on the second weekend of September, 1942. The residents were then calling attention to the nearly 100 Maywood National Guard troops who were taken prisoner when American forces surrendered at Bataan on April 9th, 1942. These men endured the Death March, prison camps, prison ships and eventual slave labor in Japan itself. The men were part of Company B, 192nd Tank Battalion. The original Maywood Bataan Day drew more than 100,000 spectators, dozens of marching bands, and celebrities including the [[Edward Joseph Kelly|Mayor Ed Kelley]] of [[Chicago]] and movie and radio stars. Today's celebration is much smaller, but still draws several hundred. The memorial is supported by the village of [[Maywood, Illinois]] and a non-profit group, the Maywood Bataan Day Organization.
<REF>[http://mbdo.org/ Maywood Bataan Day Organization web page]</REF>

==Memorials==
===The Philippines===
* In [[Capas, Tarlac]] there is the [[Capas National Shrine]] built in the grounds surrounding Camp O'Donnell.
* There is also a [[shrine]] in [[Bataan]] on Mount Samat named '''[[Mount Samat|Dambana ng Kagitingan]]''' ("Shrine of Valor") commemorating the battle and the march. The shrine has a colonnade that houses an altar, esplanade, and a museum. There is also a Memorial Cross built towering 92 meters in height.
===United States===
* The Bataan Bridge in [[Carlsbad]], [[New Mexico]] commemorates the victims of the march.
* The Bataan-Corregidor Memorial Bridge in [[Chicago, Illinois]], where [[State Street (Chicago)|State Street]] crosses the [[Chicago River]], commemorates the defenders of Bataan and Corregidor as well as those on the march.
* The Bataan Memorial Highway in [[Indiana]], SR 38 from [[Richmond, Indiana]] to [[Lafayette, Indiana]].
* Highway-70, through Southern New Mexico was renamed the Bataan Memorial Highway.
* Statue of American and Filipino Bataan survivors resides at Veterans Memorial Park, in [[Las Cruces]], [[New Mexico]]
* The "A Tribute To Courage" Memorial in [[Kissimmee, Florida]], at the corner of Lakeshore Boulevard and Monument Avenue. It depicts a scene from the Bataan Death March: two soldiers, one American and the other Filipino, are propping each other up while a Filipino woman is offering water to them. It symbolizes the unique friendship between the United States and the Philippines - the two countries fought together during World War II, and the heroism and comradeship between the Americans and Filipinos. It was sculpted by Sandra Storm and is made of bronze. A brick walkway encircles the monument and there are commemorative plaques depicting the history of the Bataan Death March and the Memorial. American and Filipino flags fly side by side. It is the only statue in the United States dedicated to the heroes and survivors of the fall of Bataan and Corregidor and the Bataan Death March [http://www.bcmf.us].
* Bataan Elementary School in [[Port Clinton, Ohio|Port Clinton]], [[Ohio]] commemorates the 32 men from the Port Clinton area who were victims of the march. [http://www.idarupp.org/bataan.php]
* Bataan Memorial Trainway in [[El Paso]], [[Texas]] honors the prisoners-of-war who died in the enemy camp [http://www.epcc.edu/nwlibrary/sites/eparea/bataan/narrative.html]
*Bataan Death March Memorial Park in [[Spokane, Washington]]

==See also==
*[[Battle of the Philippines (1941-42)]]
*[[USS Bataan (LHD-5)]]
*[[USS Bataan (CVL-29)]]
*[[San Fernando City, Pampanga]]
*[[Sandakan Death Marches]]
*[[List of Japanese war atrocities]]
*[[:Category:Bataan Death March prisoners]]
*[[The March (1945)]]
*[[Raid at Cabanatuan]]
*''[[The Great Raid]]'' (2005)
*''[[Ghost Soldiers]]''
*''[[The Great Raid On Cabanatuan]]''


==References==
==References==
<references/>
===Notes===
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references />
</div>
</div>


===Books===
==External links==
*{{AflRleague|ref=S/Sudjai_Cook.html}}
*{{cite book | last = Bilek | first = Anton (Tony) | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2003 | chapter = | title = No Uncle Sam: The Forgotten of Bataan | publisher = Kent State University Press
| location = | id = ISBN 0873387686}}
*{{cite book | last = Jackson | first = Charles | authorlink = | coauthors = Bruce H. Norton | year = 2003 | chapter = | title = I Am Alive!: A United States Marine's Story of Survival in a World war II Japanese POW Camp | publisher = Presidio Press | location = | id = ISBN 0345449118}}
*{{cite book | last = Mallonee | first = Richard C. | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2003 | chapter = | title = Battle for Bataan : An Eyewitness Account | publisher = I Books | location = | id = ISBN 0743474503}}
*{{cite book | last = Templeton | first = Billy D. | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2006 | chapter = | title = Manila Bay Sunset: The Long March Into Hell | publisher = River Road Press | location = | id = ISBN 0978515803}}
*{{cite book | last = Waldron | first = Ben | authorlink = | coauthors = Emily Burneson | year = 2006 | chapter = | title = Corregidor: From Paradise to Hell! | publisher = Trafford Publishing | location = | id = ISBN 141202109X}}
*{{cite book | last = Whitman | first = John W. | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 1990 | chapter = | title = Bataan: Our Last Ditch : The Bataan Campaign, 1942 | publisher = Hippocrene Books | location = | id = ISBN 0870528777}}
*{{cite book | last = Young | first = Donald J. | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 1992 | chapter = | title = The Battle of Bataan: A History of the 90 Day Siege and Eventual Surrender of 75,000 Filipino and United States Troops to the Japanese in World War | publisher = McFarland & Company
| location = | id = ISBN 0899507573}}
*{{cite book | last = Sides | first = Hampton | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2001 | chapter = | title = Ghost Soldier | publisher = Anchor Books | location = | id = ISBN 038549565X}}

==Web==
* [http://upress.kent.edu/books/Bilek.htm No Uncle Sam: The Forgotten of Bataan] - A link to the book's page on the publisher's website
* [http://www.abmc.gov/ American Battlefield Monument Commission website Those lost in Philippines are memorialized on Tablets of the missing on Manila American Cemetery,Manilia Philippines].
* [http://home.pacbell.net/fbaldie/Battling_Bastards_of_Bataan.html Battling Bastards of Bataan survivors org.]
* [http://www.bataanmarch.com/ Bataan Memorial Death March] - A {{convert|26|mi|km|sing=on}} march commemorating the Bataan Death March (held yearly in New Mexico, USA)
* [http://www.bataansurvivor.com/ "Back to Bataan, A Survivor's Story"] - A narrative recounting one soldier's journey through Bataan, the march, prison camp, Japan, and back home to the United States. Includes a map of the march.
* [http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/st/~ehimchak/death_march.html The Bataan Death March] - Information, maps, and pictures on the march itself and in-depth information on Japanese POW camps.
*[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bataan/ PBS American Experience: Bataan Rescue] The story of the 1945 rescue of Bataan Death March survivors
*[http://www.geocities.com/eaa108/bataan.htm "Technical Sergeant Jim Brown U.S. Army Air Corps (ret) Bataan Death March Survivor Presentation to EAA Chapter 108 May 16 2000" ]
*[http://www.proviso.k12.il.us/Bataan%20Web/ Proviso East High School Bataan Commemorative Research Project] - Comprehensive history of the Battle for Bataan, the Death March and the role of the 192nd Tank Battalion
*[http://members.aol.com/bcmfofnm/ Bataan and Corregider Memorial Foundation of New Mexico 200th & 515th Coastal Artillery units]
*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/usmc/4mar.htm 4th Marine Regiment. 1st Battalion/4th Marines and 3rd Battalion/4th Marines were at Corregidor]
*[http://www.nps.gov/wapa/indepth/extContent/usmc/pcn-190-003140-00/sec20.htm 4th Marines at Corregidor and Bataan Death March]
* [http://www.maywoodbataandayorganization.org Maywood Bataan Day Organization] Marks Bataan Day on the second Sunday in September since 1942
* [http://pow.grokett.com/ 1200 Days, A Bataan POW Survivor's Story] A biography of Russell A. Grokett's survival of the Bataan Death March, including three years as a Japanese Prisoner of War.
* [http://www.bataansurvivor.com/index.php "Back to Bataan" A survivor's Story {Alf Larson}]
* [http://cityofchicago.org/WarMemorials/battan.html Chicago's Bataan-Corregidor Memorial Bridge]
* [http://www.bataan.gov.ph/travel/dambana.htm] - Info on the Dambana ng Kagitingan Shrine.
* [http://cspr.soc.hit-u.ac.jp/recordings/tenney/view Lester Tenney and Yukako Ibuki - Centre for the Study of Peace and Reconciliation]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Cook, Sudjai}}
[[Category:Bataan Death March| ]]
[[Category:History of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Norwood Football Club players]]
[[Category:World War II crimes]]
[[Category:Glenelg Football Club players]]
[[Category:Japanese war crimes]]
[[Category:Adelaide Football Club players]]
[[Category:Forced marches]]
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Prisoners of war massacres]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1942 in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Australians of Thai descent]]
[[Category:Bataan|Death March]]
[[Category:Thai sportspeople]]


{{AFL-bio-1970s-stub}}
[[de:Todesmarsch von Bataan]]
[[es:Marcha de la muerte en Bataan]]
[[fr:Marche de la mort de Bataan]]
[[lv:Bataanas Nāves maršs]]
[[nl:Dodenmars van Bataan]]
[[ja:バターン死の行進]]
[[pl:Bataański marsz śmierci]]
[[pt:Marcha da Morte]]
[[sl:Bataanski pohod smrti]]
[[sv:Dödsmarschen från Bataan]]
[[tl:Martsa ng Kamatayan sa Bataan]]
[[zh:巴丹死亡行军]]

Revision as of 06:33, 11 October 2008

Sudjai Cook (born 27 June 1976 in Bangkok Thailand[1]) is an Australian rules footballer who has played in the Australian Football League for the Adelaide Crows. He also played in the South Australian National Football League.

Early life

Cook was adopted at 10 weeks old from Thailand and moved to Australia.

AFL career

Deciding to embark on a career in Australian rules football, he played 7 games for the Norwood Football Club before being rookie listed in 1998 with the Australian Football League club, Adelaide. Debuting that year after being promoted to the senior list, he had the distinction of being the first Thai-born player ever to play in the AFL. The rover was known for his speed and dubbed "the Chef" by Seven Network commentator Sandy Roberts. He went on to play 7 games for the club before being delisted at the end of the year.

Post-AFL career

Following his delisting in 2003 Cook returned to the Glenelg Football Club in the SANFL, having transferred to that club from Norwood in 1999. His SANFL career ended in 2005, after 26 games for Norwood and 122 games for Glenelg.

He currently is an assistant coach for the Broadview Football Club who play in the SAAFL. He is also playing for Broadview at the same time

References

  1. ^ According to The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers there are claims that Cook was born in Vietnam

External links

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