Aconitum firmum: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Species of flowering plant}} |
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|image = Aconitum firmum subsp. moravicum Skalický, část květenství.jpg |
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|genus = Aconitum |
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|species = firmum |
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|authority = Rchb. |
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'''''Aconitum firmum''''' ([[Czech language|Czech]]: ''oměj tuhý'', [[ |
'''''Aconitum firmum''''' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: ''tojad mocny'', [[Czech language|Czech]]: ''oměj tuhý'', [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: Аконіт міцний, <small>[[Romanization|Romanized]]:</small> Akonіt mіtzniy) is a species of [[Aconitum|monkshood]] that is found in Southern [[Poland]], [[Slovakia]], and [[Czech Republic|Czechia]], with a few instances in Ukraine and Romania.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Search|url=https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/map?taxon_key=7277348|website=www.gbif.org|language=en|access-date=2020-05-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Aconitum firmum Rchb. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:707355-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |accessdate=6 May 2020}}</ref> |
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==Appearance== |
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''Aconitum firmum'' has indigo flowers that are about 2 centimeters big, and can grow up to around 40 centimeters tall.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Occurrence Detail 1933386570|url=https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1933386570|website=www.gbif.org|language=en|access-date=2020-05-06}}</ref> |
''Aconitum firmum'' has indigo flowers that are about 2 centimeters big, and can grow up to around 40 centimeters tall.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Occurrence Detail 1933386570|url=https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1933386570|website=www.gbif.org|language=en|access-date=2020-05-06}}</ref> |
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==Toxicity== |
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Like all monkshoods, ''Aconitum firmum'' is highly poisonous. All parts of the plant, with the highest concentration being in the roots and seeds, contain [[aconitine]], which is a potent nerve poison. |
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==Conservation== |
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In Poland, ''Aconitum firmum'' is a protected species, along with all other monkshood species in Poland. The subspecies ''A. firmum'' subsp. ''moravicum'' is recognized as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List,<ref>{{Cite web|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Moravian monkshood|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|last=Sciences)|first=Viera Ferakova (Slovak Academy of|last2=Agriculture)|first2=Pavol Eliáš (Slovak University of|date=2011-03-28|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2020-05-19|last3=Iva Hodálová (Institute of Botany|first3=Slovak Academy of Sciences)|last4=List)|first4=Pavol Mereďa (Slovak Plant Red|last5=Zbigniew Mirek (W. Szafer Institute of Botany|first5=Poland)|last6=Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa (W. Szafer Institute of Botany|first6=Poland)}}</ref> although ''A. firmum'' itself has not been evaluated by the IUCN.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aconitum firmum - Rchb.|url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/Aconitum%20firmum#threat_status|website=eunis.eea.europa.eu|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> |
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==Taxonomy== |
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===Name=== |
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| ⚫ | ''Aconitum firmum'' was named by [[Ludwig Reichenbach]]. The species name ''firmum'' comes from the [[inflection]] of the [[Latin]] word ''firmus'', meaning stable and firm.<ref>{{cite book | last=Stearn | first=William | title=Botanical Latin | publisher=Timber Press | publication-place=Portland, Oregon, US | year=2004 | isbn=978-08819-26279 | page=412 }}</ref> The Czech, Polish, and Ukrainian common names reflect on this and can be literally translated to "strong aconite". |
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===Subspecies=== |
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''Aconitum firmum'' is divided into 6 subspecies and 1 variety<ref>{{Cite web|title=Catalogue of Life : Aconitum firmum Rchb.|url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/3f74604592b8f829ace95afc11fc9eca|website=www.catalogueoflife.org|access-date=2020-05-06}}</ref> which are: |
''Aconitum firmum'' is divided into 6 subspecies and 1 variety<ref>{{Cite web|title=Catalogue of Life : Aconitum firmum Rchb.|url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/3f74604592b8f829ace95afc11fc9eca|website=www.catalogueoflife.org|access-date=2020-05-06}}</ref> which are: |
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* '''''Aconitum firmum'' var. ''portae-ferratae''''' <small>Starm. & Mitka</small> |
* '''''Aconitum firmum'' var. ''portae-ferratae''''' <small>Starm. & Mitka</small> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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Latest revision as of 22:29, 3 February 2023
| Aconitum firmum | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | Aconitum |
| Species: | A. firmum
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| Binomial name | |
| Aconitum firmum Rchb.
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Aconitum firmum (Polish: tojad mocny, Czech: oměj tuhý, Ukrainian: Аконіт міцний, Romanized: Akonіt mіtzniy) is a species of monkshood that is found in Southern Poland, Slovakia, and Czechia, with a few instances in Ukraine and Romania.[1][2]
Appearance[edit]
Aconitum firmum has indigo flowers that are about 2 centimeters big, and can grow up to around 40 centimeters tall.[3]
Toxicity[edit]
Like all monkshoods, Aconitum firmum is highly poisonous. All parts of the plant, with the highest concentration being in the roots and seeds, contain aconitine, which is a potent nerve poison.
Conservation[edit]
In Poland, Aconitum firmum is a protected species, along with all other monkshood species in Poland. The subspecies A. firmum subsp. moravicum is recognized as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List,[4] although A. firmum itself has not been evaluated by the IUCN.[5]
Taxonomy[edit]
Name[edit]
Aconitum firmum was named by Ludwig Reichenbach. The species name firmum comes from the inflection of the Latin word firmus, meaning stable and firm.[6] The Czech, Polish, and Ukrainian common names reflect on this and can be literally translated to "strong aconite".
Subspecies[edit]
Aconitum firmum is divided into 6 subspecies and 1 variety[7] which are:
- Aconitum firmum subsp. bucovinense (Zapal.) Aschers. & Graebn.
- Aconitum firmum subsp. firmum
- Aconitum firmum subsp. maninense (Skalický) Starm.
- Aconitum firmum subsp. moravicum V.Skalick
- Aconitum firmum subsp. paxii Starm.
- Aconitum firmum subsp. zapalowiczii Starm.
- Aconitum firmum var. portae-ferratae Starm. & Mitka
References[edit]
- ^ "Search". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
- ^ "Aconitum firmum Rchb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
- ^ "Occurrence Detail 1933386570". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
- ^ Sciences), Viera Ferakova (Slovak Academy of; Agriculture), Pavol Eliáš (Slovak University of; Iva Hodálová (Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences); List), Pavol Mereďa (Slovak Plant Red; Zbigniew Mirek (W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Poland); Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa (W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Poland) (2011-03-28). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Moravian monkshood". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2020-05-19.
- ^ "Aconitum firmum - Rchb". eunis.eea.europa.eu. Retrieved 2020-05-19.
- ^ Stearn, William (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Oregon, US: Timber Press. p. 412. ISBN 978-08819-26279.
- ^ "Catalogue of Life : Aconitum firmum Rchb". www.catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 2020-05-06.