Alto Hospicio: Difference between revisions

Alto Hospicio
Alto Hospicio
Commune
	Panoramic view of Alto Hospicio
	Flag Coat of arms Map of Alto Hospicio commune in Tarapacá Region Alto Hospicio Location in Chile
	Coordinates: 20°15′S 70°07′W / 20.250°S 70.117°W
Country	Chile
Region	Tarapacá
Province	Iquique Province
Government
• Type	Municipal council
• Alcalde	Patricio Ferreira (PDC)
Area
• Total	593.2 km2 (229.0 sq mi)
Elevation	600 m (2,000 ft)
Population (2012 Census)
• Total	94,441
• Density	160/km2 (410/sq mi)
Demonym	Hospiciano
Time zone	UTC−4 (CLT)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−3 (CLST)
Postal code	1130000
Area code	(+56) 5
Website	Official website (in Spanish)

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Alto Hospicio is a Chilean municipality and commune located next to Iquique, in the Iquique Province, I Region. It is a fast-growing popular area in the heights of Iquique and has a population of 94,254 according to the preliminary result of the 2012 census. It is the second largest commune of the Greater Iquique urbanization with a total population of 275,000 in 2012.

History[edit]

The first inhabitants of Alto Hospicio were the Chango indigenous group, that arrived from the coast. They climbed 550 meters from the cove of Ique Ique during the so-called Festival of the Mule (Bajo Molle), and stopped to rest on the pampa.

During reign of Tupac Inca Yupanqui (1380 - 1410 CE), the exploitation of the silver deposits of Huantajaya, located about 3 km (1.9 mi) northeast of the site of Alto Hospicio Central Prison, began. Exploitation of silver continued until the end of the eighteenth century when Basilio de la Fuente, a prominent resident of the town of San Lorenzo de Tarapacá, made a fortune with the mineral and funded major irrigation works.

After the War of the Pacific, Alto Hospicio was little more than a desolate train station (specifically the area of Alto Molle), where no more than 100 people lived. By the 1950s, groups of Aymara farmers settled in the area, bringing agricultural products from the inland altiplano. They constructed modest plots for small-scale horticulture and agriculture (both crops and livestock).

The economic boom experienced by Iquique in the mid-1990s brought about a population explosion in Alto Hospicio. It was transformed from a small town of about 2,000 inhabitants in the early nineties to a huge city with over 100,000 inhabitants. Alto Hospicio is 10 km (6.2 mi) away and 600 m (2,000 ft) above Bajo Iquique.

In August 2007 the Alto Hospicio Basic Emergency Hospital opened in La Pampa area of the city. Though originally part of Iquique, Alto Hospicio was incorporated as its own municipality on 12 April 2004, when Law No. 19943 was approved under President Ricardo Lagos Escobar.

Alto Hospicio hosts a large open-air market, La Quebradilla, which is open six days a week. The market trades in used clothing from around the world.^[3]^[4]

Demographics[edit]

Preliminary results of the 2012 census indicate a population of 94,254 inhabitants of Alto Hospicio. According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Alto Hospicio had 50,215 inhabitants. Of these, the vasy majority lived in urban areas outside Iquique, and only a tiny minority in rural areas due to its desert like surrounding. The population grew by nearly 900% (44,627 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses^[2] and similar (90.7%) between 2002 and 2012 by about 44,000 inhabitants.

The commune of Alto Hospicio is composed of 4 census districts.

Census district			2002 Census			1992 Census
#	District	Area (km²)	Total	Urban	Rural	Total	Urban	Rural
1	Autódromo	435.0	1,844	1,843	1	505	501	4
2	Alto Hospicio	4.1	31,687	31,687	0	8,915	8,915	0
3	Santa Rosa	118.6	7,352	7,328	24	2,564	2,553	11
4	Pampa del Molle	35.5	9,332	9,332	0	3,068	3,068	0
	Total	593.2	50,215	50,190	25	15,052	15,037	15

Source: INE 2007 report, "Territorial division of Chile"^[2]

Climate[edit]

The climate of the area is coastal desert, similar to La Pampa, which is influenced by the dry climate and the Humboldt Current. It is characterized by abundant cloudiness, and low oscillation amplitude from autumn throughout the winter to the early part of spring. But this changes in summer when temperatures double and the oscillation increases, and temperature can vary considerably throughout the day. In the morning it may be sunny, but be very cloudy or rainy in the afternoon. The community receives some rainfall in summer, especially between January and February due to high air pressure fronts commonly called "Bolivia," negatively referring to cold Bolivian or Altiplano winters. Alto Hospicio also receives some rainfall in winter but not every year. Chile's climate is changing due to global warming. Alto Hospicio is a place where temperatures are not incredibly high, but sun rays can be very damaging. Average high in summer is 24 °C (75.2 °F) and 9.4 °C (48.92 °F) to 15 °C (59 °F) in winter.

Climate data for Alto Hospicio
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	34.4 (93.9)	30.2 (86.4)	26 (79)	27.2 (81.0)	28.4 (83.1)	25 (77)	22.9 (73.2)	21.7 (71.1)	25 (77)	28 (82)	29.9 (85.8)	31.2 (88.2)	34.4 (93.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	21.3 (70.3)	23.1 (73.6)	20.7 (69.3)	19.6 (67.3)	16 (61)	15.2 (59.4)	12.3 (54.1)	14.4 (57.9)	15.7 (60.3)	16.2 (61.2)	17.5 (63.5)	20.3 (68.5)	17.6 (63.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	18.6 (65.5)	15.3 (59.5)	13.8 (56.8)	13 (55)	12 (54)	10.6 (51.1)	8.7 (47.7)	7.4 (45.3)	12.1 (53.8)	14 (57)	15.7 (60.3)	16 (61)	13.1 (55.6)
Record low °C (°F)	11 (52)	14 (57)	12 (54)	8 (46)	3 (37)	0 (32)	−1 (30)	3 (37)	6 (43)	3 (37)	7 (45)	9 (48)	−1 (30)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	0.6 (0.02)	0.6 (0.02)	0 (0)	0.2 (0.01)	0.2 (0.01)	0.1 (0.00)	2.6 (0.10)	1.3 (0.05)	0.3 (0.01)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.1 (0.00)	6 (0.2)
Source: Weather Underground^[5]

Administration[edit]

As a commune, Alto Hospicio is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Ramón Galleguillos Castillo.^[1]

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Alto Hospicio is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Marta Isasi (Ind.) and Hugo Gutiérrez (PC) as part of the 2nd electoral district, which includes the entire Tarapacá Region. The commune is represented in the Senate by José Miguel Insulza (PS, 2018–2026) and José Durana (UDI, 2018–2026) as part of the 1st senatorial constituency (Arica and Parinacota Region and Tarapacá Region).

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b "Municipality of Alto Hospicio" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 29, 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Territorial division of Chile" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
^ "Orion Magazine - This Is Where Your Old Clothes Go". Orion Magazine. Retrieved 2024-04-28.
^ Shipley, Julia; Alarcón, Muriel (2024-01-04). "The world's fashion waste ended up in Chile's Atacama Desert". Grist. Retrieved 2024-04-28.
^ "Promedios meteorólogicos en Alto Hospicio". MSN. 2010. Archived from the original on 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2011-12-31.

External links[edit]

(in Spanish) Municipality of Alto Hospicio

[Official-1] "Municipality of Alto Hospicio" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 29, 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2010.

[2007INE-2] "Territorial division of Chile" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2010.

[3] "Orion Magazine - This Is Where Your Old Clothes Go". Orion Magazine. Retrieved 2024-04-28.

[4] Shipley, Julia; Alarcón, Muriel (2024-01-04). "The world's fashion waste ended up in Chile's Atacama Desert". Grist. Retrieved 2024-04-28.

[5] "Promedios meteorólogicos en Alto Hospicio". MSN. 2010. Archived from the original on 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2011-12-31.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 | other_name              =
 | settlement_type         = [[Communes of Chile|Commune]]
-| image_skyline           =
+| image_skyline           = Desde el aire, Alto Hospicio. Iquique. I región..jpg
 | image_alt               =
-| image_caption           =
+| image_caption           = Panoramic view of Alto Hospicio
 | image_flag              = Bandera de Alto Hospicio.svg
 | flag_alt                = Flag
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 | pushpin_map_alt         = Location in Chile
 | pushpin_map_caption     =  Location in Chile
+| coordinates             = {{coord|20|15|S|70|07|W|region:CL-TA|display=inline,title}}
-| latd  = 20 |latm  = 15 |lats  =  |latNS  = S
-| longd = 70 |longm = 07 |longs =  |longEW = W
 | coor_pinpoint           =
-| coordinates_region      = CL-TA
-| coordinates_display     = inline,title
 | coordinates_footnotes   =
 | subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
@@ Line 33: / Line 30: @@
 | subdivision_name2       = [[Iquique Province]]
 | established_title       =
-| established_date        =
+| established_date        = April 17, 2004
 | founder                 =
 | named_for               =
-| government_footnotes    = <ref name="Official">{{cite web |url=http://www.maho.cl/ |title=Municipality of Alto Hospicio |accessdate=7 September 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071229142220/http://www.maho.cl/| archivedate=December 29, 2007<!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no|language=es}}</ref>
+| government_footnotes    = <ref name="Official">{{cite web |url=http://www.maho.cl/ |title=Municipality of Alto Hospicio |accessdate=7 September 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071229142220/http://www.maho.cl/| archivedate=December 29, 2007| url-status= live|language=es}}</ref>
 | government_type         = [[Municipal council]]
 | leader_party            =
 | leader_title            = [[Alcalde]]
-| leader_name             = Ramón Galleguillos Castillo
+| leader_name             = Patricio Ferreira ([[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|PDC]])
-| area_footnotes          = <ref name="2007INE">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/territorio/division_politico_administrativa/pdf/DPA_COMPLETA.pdf |format=PDF |title=Territorial division of Chile |accessdate=4 November 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101114052159/http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/territorio/division_politico_administrativa/pdf/DPA_COMPLETA.pdf| archivedate= 14 November 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
+| area_footnotes          = <ref name="2007INE">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/territorio/division_politico_administrativa/pdf/DPA_COMPLETA.pdf |format=PDF |title=Territorial division of Chile |accessdate=4 November 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114052159/http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/territorio/division_politico_administrativa/pdf/DPA_COMPLETA.pdf |archivedate=14 November 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 | area_total_km2          = 593.2
 | area_rank               =
@@ Line 62: / Line 59: @@
 | area_code_type          =
 | area_code               = (+56) 5
-| website                 = [http://www.maho.cl/ Official website] {{es icon}}
+| website                 = [http://www.maho.cl/ Official website] {{in lang|es}}
 | footnotes               =
 }}
-'''Alto Hospicio''' is a [[Chile]]an municipality and commune located next to [[Iquique]], in the [[Iquique Province]], [[Tarapacá Region|I Region]]. It is a fast-growing popular area in the heights of [[Iquique]] and has a population of 94,254 according to the prelimanry result of the 2012 census. It is the second largest commune of the [[Greater Iquique]] urbanization with a total population of 275,000 in 2012.
+'''Alto Hospicio''' is a [[Chile]]an municipality and commune located next to [[Iquique]], in the [[Iquique Province]], [[Tarapacá Region|I Region]]. It is a fast-growing popular area in the heights of [[Iquique]] and has a population of 94,254 according to the preliminary result of the 2012 census. It is the second largest commune of the [[Greater Iquique]] urbanization with a total population of 275,000 in 2012.
 ==History==
 The first inhabitants of Alto Hospicio were the [[Chango people|Chango]] indigenous group, that arrived from the coast. They climbed 550 meters from the cove of Ique Ique during the so-called Festival of the Mule (Bajo Molle), and stopped to rest on the pampa.
-During [[Inca]] times of [[Tupac Inca Yupanqui]] (1380 - 1410 CE), Spanish began to exploit the silver deposits of Huantajaya located about three miles northeast of Alto Hospicio Central Prison. Exploitation of silver continued until the end of the eighteenth century when Basilio de la Fuente, a prominent resident of the town of San Lorenzo of Tarapacá, made a fortune with the mineral and funded major irrigation works.
+During reign of [[Tupac Inca Yupanqui]] (1380 - 1410 CE), the exploitation of the silver deposits of Huantajaya, located about {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of the site of Alto Hospicio Central Prison, began. Exploitation of silver continued until the end of the eighteenth century when Basilio de la Fuente, a prominent resident of the town of [[Tarapacá|San Lorenzo de Tarapacá]], made a fortune with the mineral and funded major irrigation works.
-After the [[War of the Pacific]], Alto Hospicio was little more than a desolate train station (specifically the area of High Molle), where no more than 100 people lived. By the 1950s, groups of Aymara farmers settled in the area, bringing agricultural products from the inland altiplano. They constructed modest plots for small-scale horticulture and agriculture (both crops and livestock).
-The economic boom experienced Iquique in the mid-1990s, fomented a population explosion in Alto Hospicio. It was transformed from a small town of about 2,000 inhabitants in the early nineties to a huge city with over 100,000 inhabitants. Alto Hospicio is 10&nbsp;km away and  600 m above Lower Iquique.
+After the [[War of the Pacific]], Alto Hospicio was little more than a desolate train station (specifically the area of Alto Molle), where no more than 100 people lived. By the 1950s, groups of Aymara farmers settled in the area, bringing agricultural products from the inland altiplano. They constructed modest plots for small-scale horticulture and agriculture (both crops and livestock).
-In August 2007 the Alto Hospicio Basic Emergency Hospital opened in La Pampa area of the city. Though originally part of Iquique, Alto Hospicio was incorporated as its own municipality on 12 April 2004, when Law No. 19943 was approved under President Ricardo Lagos Escobar .
+The economic boom experienced by Iquique in the mid-1990s brought about a population explosion in Alto Hospicio. It was transformed from a small town of about 2,000 inhabitants in the early nineties to a huge city with over 100,000 inhabitants. Alto Hospicio is {{Convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} away and {{Convert|600|m|ft|abbr=on}} above Bajo Iquique.
+In August 2007 the Alto Hospicio Basic Emergency Hospital opened in La Pampa area of the city. Though originally part of Iquique, Alto Hospicio was incorporated as its own municipality on 12 April 2004, when Law No. 19943 was approved under President [[Ricardo Lagos|Ricardo Lagos Escobar]].
+Alto Hospicio hosts a large open-air market, La Quebradilla, which is open six days a week. The market trades in [[Vintage clothing|used clothing]] from around the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orion Magazine - This Is Where Your Old Clothes Go |url=https://www.orionmagazine.org/article/chile-fast-fashion-atacama-desert-alto-hospicio/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Orion Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shipley |first=Julia |last2=Alarcón |first2=Muriel |date=2024-01-04 |title=The world's fashion waste ended up in Chile's Atacama Desert |url=https://grist.org/international/burn-after-wearing-fashion-waste-chile/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Grist |language=en-us}}</ref>
 ==Demographics==
-Preliminary results of the 2012 census indicate a population of 94,254 inhabitants of Alto Hospicio. According to the 2002 [[census]] of the [[National Statistics Institute (Chile)|National Statistics Institute]], Alto Hospicio had 50,215 inhabitants. Of these (99.995%) lived in [[urban area]]s outside Iquique, and only 0.0005% in [[rural area]]s due to its desert like surrounding. The population grew by nearly 900% (44,627 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses<ref name="2007INE"/> and similar (90.7%) between 2002 and 2012 by about 44,000 inhabitants.
+Preliminary results of the 2012 census indicate a population of 94,254 inhabitants of Alto Hospicio. According to the 2002 [[census]] of the [[National Statistics Institute (Chile)|National Statistics Institute]], Alto Hospicio had 50,215 inhabitants. Of these, the vasy majority lived in [[urban area]]s outside Iquique, and only a tiny minority in [[rural area]]s due to its desert like surrounding. The population grew by nearly 900% (44,627 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses<ref name="2007INE"/> and similar (90.7%) between 2002 and 2012 by about 44,000 inhabitants.
 The commune of Alto Hospicio is composed of 4 census districts.
@@ Line 150: / Line 153: @@
 The climate of the area is coastal desert, similar to La Pampa, which is influenced by the dry climate and the Humboldt Current. It is characterized by abundant cloudiness, and low oscillation amplitude from autumn throughout the winter to the early part of spring. But this changes in summer when temperatures double and the oscillation increases, and temperature can vary considerably throughout the day. In the morning it may be sunny, but be very cloudy or rainy in the afternoon. The community receives some rainfall in summer, especially between January and February due to high air pressure fronts commonly called "Bolivia," negatively referring to cold Bolivian or Altiplano winters. Alto Hospicio also receives some rainfall in winter but not every year. Chile's climate is changing due to global warming. Alto Hospicio is a place where temperatures are not incredibly high, but sun rays can be very damaging. Average high in summer is 24&nbsp;°C (75.2&nbsp;°F) and 9.4&nbsp;°C (48.92&nbsp;°F) to 15&nbsp;°C (59&nbsp;°F) in winter.
-<center>
 {{Weather box
 |location = Alto Hospicio
@@ Line 221: / Line 223: @@
 |year precipitation mm = 6
 |precipitation colour = green
+|source =Weather Underground<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.wunderground.com/NORMS/DisplayIntlNORMS.asp?CityCode=85418&Units=metricq=Iquique%2c+CHL+forecast:averagesm| title=Promedios meteorólogicos en Alto Hospicio| publisher=MSN| year=2010| accessdate=2011-12-31| archive-date=2016-12-01| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201162434/https://www.wunderground.com/NORMS/DisplayIntlNORMS.asp?CityCode=85418&Units=metricq=Iquique,+CHL+forecast:averagesm| url-status=dead}}</ref>
-|source =Weather Underground<ref>{{Cite web
-| url=http://www.wunderground.com/NORMS/DisplayIntlNORMS.asp?CityCode=85418&Units=metricq=Iquique%2c+CHL+forecast:averagesm| title  =Promedios meteorólogicos en Alto Hospicio | publisher=MSN | year=2010 | accessdate=2011-12-31}}</ref>
 |date = 2010
-}}<!--Infobox ends--></center>
+}}<!--Infobox ends-->
 ==Administration==
 As a [[Communes of Chile|commune]], Alto Hospicio is a third-level [[administrative division of Chile]] administered by a [[municipal council]], headed by an [[alcalde]] who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Ramón Galleguillos Castillo.<ref name="Official"/>
-Within the [[electoral divisions of Chile]], Alto Hospicio is represented in the [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]] by Mrs. Marta Isasi ([[Independent (politician)|Ind.]]) and Mr. Hugo Gutiérrez ([[Communist Party of Chile|PC]]) as part of the 2nd electoral district, which includes the entire Tarapacá Region.The commune is represented in the [[Senate of Chile|Senate]] by Fulvio Rossi Ciocca ([[Socialist Party of Chile|PS]]) and Jaime Orpis Bouchon ([[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]]) as part of the 1st senatorial constituency ([[Arica and Parinacota Region]] and Tarapacá Region).
+Within the [[electoral divisions of Chile]], Alto Hospicio is represented in the [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]] by Marta Isasi ([[Independent (politician)|Ind.]]) and Hugo Gutiérrez ([[Communist Party of Chile|PC]]) as part of the 2nd electoral district, which includes the entire Tarapacá Region. The commune is represented in the [[Senate of Chile|Senate]] by [[José Miguel Insulza]] (PS, 2018–2026) and José Durana (UDI, 2018–2026) as part of the 1st senatorial constituency ([[Arica and Parinacota Region]] and Tarapacá Region).
 ==References==
@@ Line 235: / Line 236: @@
 ==External links==
-* {{es icon}} [http://www.maho.cl/ Municipality of Alto Hospicio]
+* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.maho.cl/ Municipality of Alto Hospicio]
 {{Communes in Tarapacá Region}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Communes of Chile]]

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Tamarugal	Camiña Colchane Huara Pica Pozo Almonte
Iquique	Alto Hospicio Iquique

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