Huara

Huara
Coordinates: 20 ° 0 ′ S , 69 ° 46 ′ W Huara on the map of Tarapacá	Huara
	Huara
Basic data
Country	Chile
region	Tarapacá region
Residents	3510 (2013)
	City insignia
Detailed data
surface	10,475 km 2
Population density	0.34 inhabitants / km 2
City structure	Huara, Pisagua , San Lorenzo de Tarapacá , Pachica, Sibaya-Limaxiña, Chiapa and others
Waters	Quebrada de Tarapacá, Quebrada de Aroma, Quebrada de Tana, Quebrada de Chiza
City Presidency	José Andrés Bartolo Vinaya
Website	www.imhuara.cl

Huara ( Aymara for star) is a municipality in the Región de Tarapacá in northern Chile . Located in the middle of the Atacama Desert , the administrative unit encompasses an area of 10,475 km², which is characterized by extreme drought and extends in a west-east direction from the Pacific coast to the Andes Cordillera. Numerous smaller villages with a total of 3510 inhabitants belong to it. Main industries are agriculture and mining.

description

Numerous small oasis villages are grouped together in the commune of Huara due to their transport links. Just six of these localities are managed with the help of an intermunicipal development plan. These are the transport hub and administrative center of Huara, the fishing port of Pisagua , and the villages in the precordillera of San Lorenzo de Tarapacá , Pichagua, Sibaya-Limaxiña and Chiapa. Only 63 km², that is 0.6% of the communal area, is used for agriculture, the rest is largely desert without vegetation.

Topographic map with Huara commune

Geographically, four zones can be distinguished in the municipality: First, the coastal zone in the west, which is mostly characterized by high cliffs and a few coastal plains that reach up to 100 meters above sea level. With the exception of a few oases of fog, where the coastal fog is captured at the foot of the mountains of the coastal cordillera, the coast is practically devoid of vegetation. Second, the pampas in the valley between the coastal cordillera and the Andes. Lying 1000 m to 1500 m above sea level, it makes up a little more than half of the municipal area. In the south is the Pampa del Tamarugal and in the north the Pampa de Tana . The pampas are extremely dry with high temperatures during the day. The average annual rainfall is only 2 mm. Watercourses from the Andes end in this depression, which has led to saltpeter deposits, which were mainly degraded in the 19th century. At Negreira and Tana, saltpetre is still mined and iodine is produced. Third, the Andean Precordillera, which joins the pampas to the east and rises to 3300 m. There is an isolated zone with xerophyte vegetation and woody hard- leaved plants that belong to the Volcán Isluga National Park . Fourth, the Andes Cordillera with heights from 3300 m. The prevailing steppe climate there is characterized by low, strongly fluctuating temperatures that do not exceed 5 ° C.

Huara village

The Huara settlement is the administrative center, about 75 km northeast of the port city of Iquique in the Pampa del Tamarugal . In the less than 1 km² large town there were 956 inhabitants in 2002. That was around a third of all residents of the municipality. Huara is a settlement that only emerged with the advent of the saltpetre industry in the region around the middle of the 19th century, when the area was still part of Peru. At first it was just a precarious camp for donkey drivers and miners. With the construction of a railway line for saltpeter transport, a village was created in the vicinity of the train station. During the Saltpeter War (1879–1883) the region around Huara was fiercely fought over. From 1885 the place came under Chilean administration and prospered as a traffic junction in the boom with the saltpetre industry. Together with the surrounding saltpeter works, there were more than 6000 inhabitants in Huara around 1890. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were important shops in Huara and many immigrants from Asia, Yugoslavia, Italy, Peru and Bolivia, among others. The cemetery was the largest of its kind in the Pampas. On December 20, 1927, Huara became a commune. In 1970 the areas of Negreiros and 1979 of Pisagua were annexed. Huara was badly damaged in an earthquake on June 13, 2005.

The commune villages

Huara commune and its villages
( map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap ) f1
photo	Name (location)	population	Remarks
in the Pampa del Tamarugal
	Huara 1110 m above sea level d. M. 20 ° 0 ′ S, 69 ° 46 ′ W.	`956`	Administrative headquarters 421 residential buildings 85 ha settlement size 1.0 mm / a precipitation
	Mapocho 20 ° 5 ′ S, 69 ° 45 ′ W.	`0`	Haunted place near Huara 3 residential houses
Image wanted BW	Colonos Rurales 1160 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 52 ′ S, 69 ° 48 ′ W.	`1`	11 residential buildings
	Cappta Coordinates are missing! Help.	`11`	16 residential buildings
Image wanted BW	Vista Hermosa 1160 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 50 ′ S, 69 ° 49 ′ W.	`0`	15 residential buildings
	Algarrobal Coordinates are missing! Help.	`3`	13 residential buildings
Image wanted BW	Bajo Soga 1160 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 45 ′ S, 69 ° 48 ′ W.	`75`	43 residential buildings Quebrada de Soga
Image wanted BW	Cruce Zapiga 1140 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 36 ′ S, 69 ° 56 ′ W.	`8th`	5 residential houses
on the coast
	Pisagua 30 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 36 ′ S, 70 ° 13 ′ W.	`260`	Fishing village, former saltpetre port 125 residential buildings 152 ha settlement size Pisagua Viejo, 17th century harbor ruins 19 ° 34 ′ S, 70 ° 12 ′ W
in the Precordillera, Quebrada de Tarapacá
Image wanted BW	Huarasiña (San Joseph de Huarasiña) (also: Guarasiña) 1370 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 57 ′ S, 69 ° 32 ′ W.	`20th`	59 residential buildings 49.29 hectares of cultivated land
Image wanted BW	Amalo 1365 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 56 ′ S, 69 ° 32 ′ W.	`0`	4 residential buildings
	San Lorenzo de Tarapacá 1410 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 55 ′ S, 69 ° 31 ′ W.	`135`	Aymara village 142 residential buildings 14 ha settlement size 41 hectares of cultivated land Ruins: Tarapacá Viejo (16th century) see also
Image wanted BW	Quillaguasa caigua 1460 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 55 ′ S, 69 ° 30 ′ W.	`22nd`	25 residential buildings 48 hectares of cultivated land
	Pachica (from “pä chika” in Aymara “two units”) 1620 m above sea level. d. M. 19 ° 52 ′ S, 69 ° 26 ′ W	`304`	Aymara village 71 residential buildings 72 hectares of cultivated land
Image wanted BW	Laonzana 1820 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 51 ′ S, 69 ° 21 ′ W.	`31`	46 houses
	Catiña Coordinates are missing! Help.	`10`	3 residential houses
	Mocha 2150 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 49 ′ S, 69 ° 17 ′ W.	`17th`	Aymara village 44 residential buildings 15.4 mm / a (median) precipitation
	Huaviña (also: Guaviña) 2390 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 48 ′ S, 69 ° 14 ′ W.	`62`	Aymara village 103 residential buildings 1 school
	Sibaya-Limaxiña 2750 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 47 ′ S, 69 ° 10 ′ W.	`223` `64` in Limaxiña `62` in Sibaya	Aymara village 42 houses in Limaxiña 72 houses in Sibaya 48.5 mm / a (median) precipitation
Image wanted BW	Achacagua 2760 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 47 ′ S, 69 ° 10 ′ W.	`64`	23 residential buildings
	Ococo Coordinates are missing! Help.	`11`	4 residential buildings
	Cruzane Coordinates are missing! Help.	`6th`	6 residential buildings
Image wanted BW	Cultans 3945 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 45 ′ S, 68 ° 59 ′ W.	`0`	Ghost place 30 houses
in the Precordillera, Quebrada de Cusmiza (right tributary to the Quebrada de Tarapacá)
Image wanted BW	Usmagama 2870 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 45 ′ S, 69 ° 13 ′ W.	`3`	36 residential buildings
	Khuzmitsa 3370 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 41 ′ S, 69 ° 11 ′ W.	`15th`	Aymara village 90.0 mm / a (median) precipitation Thermal springs: Baños de Chusmiza 19 ° 41 ′ S, 69 ° 11 ′ W Pukarás nearby (6 km)
	Chusmiza Oriente Coordinates are missing! Help.	`35`	29 residential buildings
in the Precordillera, Quebrada de Coscaya (left tributary to Quebrada de Tarapacá)
Image wanted BW	Poroma 2875 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 52 ′ S, 69 ° 11 ′ W.	`10`	25 residential buildings
Image wanted	Cunina Coordinates are missing! Help.	`0`	3 residential houses
Image wanted BW	Coscaya 2930 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 52 ′ S, 69 ° 8 ′ W.	`7th`	Aymara village 29 residential buildings 91 hectares of cultivated land 34.8 mm / a (median) precipitation
in the Precordillera, Quebrada de Aroma
	Calacala (Aymara: scree field) 1800 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 36 ′ S, 69 ° 26 ′ W.	0	7 houses
Image wanted BW	Jaiña 2850 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 33 ′ S, 69 ° 17 ′ W.	66	Aymara village 59 residential buildings Made between 1000 and 1450
Image wanted BW	Illalla 2970 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 33 ′ S, 69 ° 14 ′ W.	2	24 residential buildings
Image wanted BW	Chiapa 3120 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 32 ′ S, 69 ° 12 ′ W.	`78` `75`	Aymara village 118 residential buildings Founded in the middle of the 19th century
	Sotoca 3140 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 36 ′ S, 69 ° 14 ′ W.	13	23 residential buildings
in the Precordillera, Quebrada de Soga
Image wanted BW	Soga 2730 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 29 ′ S, 69 ° 20 ′ W.	31	21 residential buildings
in the Pampa de Tana, Quebrada de Suca
Image wanted BW	Suca 921 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 16 ′ S, 69 ° 48 ′ W.	`8th`	12 residential buildings
in the Precordillera, Quebrada de Chiza
Image wanted BW	Miñi Miñe (Quechua: Andean blackberry home) 1620 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 11 ′ S, 69 ° 41 ′ W.	`33`	Quechua village 38 residential buildings Wooden church (only in northern Chile) website
	Champaja 2850 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 7 ′ S, 69 ° 33 ′ W.	`1`	4 residential buildings
Image wanted BW	Quipinta 2260 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 9 ′ S, 69 ° 35 ′ W.	`2`	5 residential houses
	Pampa de Quipinta coordinates are missing! Help.	3	4 residential buildings
	Cuanalla (or Cuanaya) 2840 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 8 ′ S, 69 ° 32 ′ W.	31	Aymara village 3 residential houses
Image wanted BW	Miñita 2400 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 5 ′ S, 69 ° 36 ′ W.	`0`	24 residential buildings
Image wanted BW	Cutijmaya (also Cutigmaña) 1960 m above sea level d. M. 19 ° 5 ′ S, 69 ° 40 ′ W.	`8th`	3 residential houses
other
	Huasquiña (also Guasquiña) 19 ° 45 ′ S, 69 ° 24 ′ W	6th	26 residential buildings
	Colorado Coordinates are missing! Help.	2	4 residential buildings
	Ancocala coordinates are missing! Help.	0	7 houses
	Sipiza 19 ° 38 ′ S, 69 ° 15 ′ W	8th	16 residential buildings accessible by road since 2010
	Pampa de Betel coordinates are missing! Help.	0	8 residential buildings
	Pasagua coordinates are missing! Help.	0	9 residential buildings

Web links

Commons : Huara - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

^ Ministerio de Desarrollo Social. "Estadísticas Comunales: Tercera Publicación 2014" ( Online )
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Pinto, Bernardo Breton. "PROPUESTA DE ZONIFICACIÓN PARA LA COMUNA DE HUARA-PRIMERA REGIÓN." Revista LIDER 24 (2014). ( Online PDF)
↑ Aguirre Munizaga, Claudio, and Alberto Díaz Araya. "El espejismo de los lugares: La construcción del espacio en el desierto tarapaqueño. Huara, siglos XIX-XX." Revista de Geografía Norte Grande 44 (2009): 29-48. ( Online )
^ Huara, la comuna más pujante de la Región de Tarapacá. (No longer available online.) In: El Longino. October 25, 2015, archived from the original on September 20, 2017 ; Retrieved September 19, 2017 (Spanish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Coordinates and altitude information determined with the help of Google Earth, 2016
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (Ed.): Chile . Ciudades, Pueblos, Aldeas y Caseríos. Santiago de Chile 2005 ( online [accessed September 19, 2017]).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Vivienda y Urbanismo Región de Tarapacá (ed.): Plan Regulador Intercomunal Costero Región de Tarapacá, Comunas de Iquique, Alto Hospicio y Huara . Memoria Explicativa. Party 1. Iquique 2011.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Dirección General de Aguas (ed.): Análisis de los Recursos Hídricos de la Quebrada de Aroma Región de Tarapacá . Informe Final. Santiago de Chile December 2013 ( online [PDF; accessed September 19, 2017]).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Rodríguez, Fernando Dougnac. "La tenencia de la tierra en la Quebrada de Tarapacá." Revista Chilena de Historia del Derecho 10 (1984): Pág-249. ( PDF )
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Ministerio de Agricultura, Comisión Nacional de Riego y Fundación Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas de la Universidad de Chile "Diagnostico y propuestas de fomento al riego y drenaje para la pequeña agricultura y etnias originales, Agricultura de pu Agricultura originarios, Informe Final. " Diciembre 2008 ( Online PDF)
↑ Zori, Colleen. "ARCHITECTURE AND EMPIRE AT LATE PREHISPANIC TARAPACÁ VIEJO, NORTHERN CHILE / ARQUITECTURA E IMPERIO EN TARAPACÁ VIEJO, UN SITIO PREHISPÁNICO TARDÍO EN EL NORTE DE CHILE." Chungara 46.2 (2014): 211-232. ( Online PDF)
↑ http://eco-antropologia.blogspot.cl/2009/04/figuras-rupestres-de-la-quebrada-de.html
↑ http://www.dices.net/mapas/chile/mapa.php?nombre=Calacala&id=4461
↑ Jorge Enrique García Alberca "Toponimias de la provincia de Loja" Graficplus 2015 ( Online ) p. 274
↑ http://mini-mine.blogspot.cl/
↑ https://diarioiquique.wordpress.com/2009/10/06/comunidad-indigena-aymara-de-cuanalla-fortalece-su-cultura/
↑ http://www.estrellaiquique.cl/prontus4_nots/site/artic/20100827/pags/20100827175008.html

[MDS_2014-1] Ministerio de Desarrollo Social. "Estadísticas Comunales: Tercera Publicación 2014" ( Online )

[Breton_2014-2] Pinto, Bernardo Breton. "PROPUESTA DE ZONIFICACIÓN PARA LA COMUNA DE HUARA-PRIMERA REGIÓN." Revista LIDER 24 (2014). ( Online PDF)

[Aguirre_2009-3] Aguirre Munizaga, Claudio, and Alberto Díaz Araya. "El espejismo de los lugares: La construcción del espacio en el desierto tarapaqueño. Huara, siglos XIX-XX." Revista de Geografía Norte Grande 44 (2009): 29-48. ( Online )

[EL_2015-4] Huara, la comuna más pujante de la Región de Tarapacá. (No longer available online.) In: El Longino. October 25, 2015, archived from the original on September 20, 2017 ; Retrieved September 19, 2017 (Spanish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[GE_2016-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Coordinates and altitude information determined with the help of Google Earth, 2016

[INE_2005-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (Ed.): Chile . Ciudades, Pueblos, Aldeas y Caseríos. Santiago de Chile 2005 ( online [accessed September 19, 2017]).

[PRI_Memoria1_2011-7] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Vivienda y Urbanismo Región de Tarapacá (ed.): Plan Regulador Intercomunal Costero Región de Tarapacá, Comunas de Iquique, Alto Hospicio y Huara . Memoria Explicativa. Party 1. Iquique 2011.

[DGA_2013-8] Dirección General de Aguas (ed.): Análisis de los Recursos Hídricos de la Quebrada de Aroma Región de Tarapacá . Informe Final. Santiago de Chile December 2013 ( online [PDF; accessed September 19, 2017]).

[Dougnac_1984-9] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Rodríguez, Fernando Dougnac. "La tenencia de la tierra en la Quebrada de Tarapacá." Revista Chilena de Historia del Derecho 10 (1984): Pág-249. ( PDF )

[MA_2008-10] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Ministerio de Agricultura, Comisión Nacional de Riego y Fundación Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas de la Universidad de Chile "Diagnostico y propuestas de fomento al riego y drenaje para la pequeña agricultura y etnias originales, Agricultura de pu Agricultura originarios, Informe Final. " Diciembre 2008 ( Online PDF)

[Zori_2014-11] Zori, Colleen. "ARCHITECTURE AND EMPIRE AT LATE PREHISPANIC TARAPACÁ VIEJO, NORTHERN CHILE / ARQUITECTURA E IMPERIO EN TARAPACÁ VIEJO, UN SITIO PREHISPÁNICO TARDÍO EN EL NORTE DE CHILE." Chungara 46.2 (2014): 211-232. ( Online PDF)

[12] ttp://eco-antropologia.blogspot.cl/2009/04/figuras-rupestres-de-la-quebrada-de.html

[13] ttp://www.dices.net/mapas/chile/mapa.php?nombre=Calacala&id=4461

[Garcia_2015-14] Jorge Enrique García Alberca "Toponimias de la provincia de Loja" Graficplus 2015 ( Online ) p. 274

[15] ttp://mini-mine.blogspot.cl/

[16] ttps://diarioiquique.wordpress.com/2009/10/06/comunidad-indigena-aymara-de-cuanalla-fortalece-su-cultura/

[17] ttp://www.estrellaiquique.cl/prontus4_nots/site/artic/20100827/pags/20100827175008.html