Contour crafting: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Technology for 3D printing of buildings}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2011}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2011}}


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|accessdate=May 8, 2012
|accessdate=May 8, 2012
|date=November 14, 2005
|date=November 14, 2005
|publisher=University of Souther California School of Engineering
|publisher=University of Southern California School of Engineering
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Using a quick-setting, concrete-like material, contour crafting forms the house's walls layer by layer until topped off by floors and ceilings set in place by the crane. The notional concept<!-- there is little, if any, in the sources to show this is a developed operable system; it is however a notional concept, that with a lot of development work, might offer some improvements over existing construction technologies. --> calls for the insertion of structural components, plumbing, wiring, utilities, and even consumer devices like audiovisual systems as the layers are built.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build02/PDF/b02105.pdf |title=Automated Construction using Contour Crafting – Applications on Earth and Beyond }}</ref>
Using a quick-setting, concrete-like material, contour crafting forms the house's walls layer by layer until topped off by floors and ceilings set in place by the crane. The notional concept<!-- there is little, if any, in the sources to show this is a developed operable system; it is however a notional concept, that with a lot of development work, might offer some improvements over existing construction technologies. --> calls for the insertion of structural components, plumbing, wiring, utilities, and even consumer devices like audiovisual systems as the layers are built.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build02/PDF/b02105.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021092630/http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build02/PDF/b02105.pdf |archive-date=2014-10-21 |title=Automated Construction using Contour Crafting – Applications on Earth and Beyond }}</ref>


==History==
==History==
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|date=August 28, 2008
|date=August 28, 2008
|publisher=USC – Viterbi School of Engineering
|publisher=USC – Viterbi School of Engineering
|archive-date=October 10, 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010034302/https://viterbi.usc.edu/news/news/2008/caterpillar-inc-funds.htm
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


In 2009, [[Singularity University]] graduate students established the ACASA{{clarify|date=August 2013}} project with Khoshnevis as the [[Chief Technical Officer|CTO]] to commercialize Contour Crafting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nextbigfuture.com/2009/08/singularity-university-semester.html|title=Singularity University Semester Completion and Projects|accessdate=October 21, 2014|date=August 28, 2009|publisher=NextBigFuture}}</ref>
In 2009, [[Singularity University]] graduate students established a project with Khoshnevis as the [[Chief Technical Officer|CTO]] to commercialize Contour Crafting. The project was named "ACASA".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nextbigfuture.com/2009/08/singularity-university-semester.html|title=Singularity University Semester Completion and Projects|accessdate=October 21, 2014|date=August 28, 2009|publisher=NextBigFuture}}</ref>


In 2010, Khoshnevis claimed that his system could build a complete home in a single day,<ref>{{cite web
In 2010, Khoshnevis claimed that his system could build a complete home in a single day,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/10009.html
|url = http://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/10009.html
|title=Home, Sweet Home
|title = Home, Sweet Home
|accessdate=January 13, 2010
|accessdate = January 13, 2010
|date=March 24, 2004
|date = March 24, 2004
|publisher=University of Southern California
|publisher = University of Southern California
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> and its electrically powered crane would produce very little construction material waste. [[Science (TV network)|The Science Channel]]'s ''Discoveries This Week'' program in 2005 reported that, given 3–7 tons of material waste and the exhaust fumes from construction vehicles during standard home construction, contour crafting could significantly reduce environmental impact.<ref>{{cite web
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100225032636/http://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/10009.html
|title=House-Bot
|archivedate = February 25, 2010
|date=December 30, 2005
|df = mdy-all
|publisher=The Science Channel
}}</ref> and its electrically powered crane would produce very little construction material waste.
}}</ref>{{update after|2013|9|23}}<!-- Sep 2013: so 3 1/2 years later, what's up with the claim? has it been demonstrated? -->

Construction of a standard wood-framed house is estimated to create an average of 3-7 tons of waste.<ref>{{cite web|title=Green Building and Development|url=https://aaec.vt.edu/content/dam/aaec_vt_edu/extension/cee/files/green-building-worksheet.pdf|publisher=Virginia Tech University|access-date=May 2, 2023}}</ref> Use of contour crafting could significantly reduce environmental impact as it wastes no material at all. In addition, contour crafting does not generate noise, dust or make harmful emissions to the environment given the equipment that is used.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Impact of Contour Crafting on Civil Engineering
|author1=Gabriel Fernandes|author2=Lucas Feitosa|date=August 26, 2015|url=https://www.ijert.org/impact-of-contour-crafting-on-civil-engineering|journal=International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)|volume=4|number=8|access-date=May 2, 2023}}</ref>


Khoshnevis stated in 2010 that [[NASA]] was evaluating Contour Crafting for its application in the construction of bases on [[Colonization of Mars|Mars]] and the [[Colonization of the Moon|Moon]].<ref>{{cite web
Khoshnevis stated in 2010 that [[NASA]] was evaluating Contour Crafting for its application in the construction of bases on [[Colonization of Mars|Mars]] and the [[Colonization of the Moon|Moon]].<ref>{{cite web
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|accessdate=January 13, 2010
|accessdate=January 13, 2010
|publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718193555/http://www.media.mit.edu/node/2277
|archive-date=July 18, 2013
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
After three years, in 2013, [[NASA]] funded a small study at the [[University of Southern California]] to further develop the ''Contour Crafting'' 3D printing technique. Potential applications of this technology include constructing [[Moon|lunar]] structures of a material that could be built of 90-percent [[Lunar regolith|lunar material]] with only ten percent of the material [[space transport|transported]] from Earth.<ref name=tf20140115>
After three years, in 2013, [[NASA]] funded a small study at the [[University of Southern California]] to further develop the ''Contour Crafting'' 3D printing technique. Potential applications of this technology include constructing [[Moon|lunar]] structures of a material that could be built of 90-percent [[Lunar regolith|lunar material]] with only ten percent of the material [[space transport|transported]] from Earth.<ref name=tf20140115>{{cite news |title=NASA's plan to build homes on the Moon: Space agency backs 3D print technology which could build base |url=http://techflesh.com/nasas-plan-to-build-homes-on-the-moon-space-agency-backs-3d-print-technology-which-could-build-base/ |accessdate=2014-01-16 |newspaper=TechFlesh |date=2014-01-15 |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116195122/http://techflesh.com/nasas-plan-to-build-homes-on-the-moon-space-agency-backs-3d-print-technology-which-could-build-base/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{cite news |title=NASA’s plan to build homes on the Moon: Space agency backs 3D print technology which could build base |url=http://techflesh.com/nasas-plan-to-build-homes-on-the-moon-space-agency-backs-3d-print-technology-which-could-build-base/ |accessdate=2014-01-16 |newspaper=TechFlesh |date=2014-01-15 }}</ref>
In 2017 the Contour Crafting Corporation (of which Khoshnevis is the CEO) announced a partnership with and investment from Doka Ventures. In the press release, they claim that they "''will start delivery of the first printers early next year"''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://contourcrafting.com/press-release/|title=New Press Release - CC-Corp|date=2017-06-08|work=CC-Corp|access-date=2017-09-14|language=en-US|archive-date=February 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203081615/http://contourcrafting.com/press-release/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[D-Shape]]
*[[D-Shape]]
*[[3D printing]]
*[[3D printing]]
*[[Broad Sustainable Building]]


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.contourcrafting.org/ Contour Crafting website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120422134904/http://www.contourcrafting.org/ Contour Crafting website]
* [http://www.weareacasa.com/ ACASA website]
{{3d printing}}
{{3d printing}}
{{Emerging technologies}}
{{emerging technologies|topics=yes|architect=yes}}


[[Category:Building engineering]]
[[Category:Building engineering]]

Latest revision as of 10:56, 22 December 2023

Contour crafting is a building printing technology being researched by Behrokh Khoshnevis of the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute (in the Viterbi School of Engineering) that uses a computer-controlled crane or gantry to build edifices rapidly and efficiently with substantially less manual labor. It was originally conceived as a method to construct molds for industrial parts. Khoshnevis decided to adapt the technology for rapid home construction as a way to rebuild after natural disasters, like the devastating earthquakes that have plagued his native Iran.[1]

Using a quick-setting, concrete-like material, contour crafting forms the house's walls layer by layer until topped off by floors and ceilings set in place by the crane. The notional concept calls for the insertion of structural components, plumbing, wiring, utilities, and even consumer devices like audiovisual systems as the layers are built.[2]

History[edit]

Caterpillar Inc. provided funding to help support Viterbi project research in the summer of 2008.[3]

In 2009, Singularity University graduate students established a project with Khoshnevis as the CTO to commercialize Contour Crafting. The project was named "ACASA".[4]

In 2010, Khoshnevis claimed that his system could build a complete home in a single day,[5] and its electrically powered crane would produce very little construction material waste.

Construction of a standard wood-framed house is estimated to create an average of 3-7 tons of waste.[6] Use of contour crafting could significantly reduce environmental impact as it wastes no material at all. In addition, contour crafting does not generate noise, dust or make harmful emissions to the environment given the equipment that is used.[7]

Khoshnevis stated in 2010 that NASA was evaluating Contour Crafting for its application in the construction of bases on Mars and the Moon.[8] After three years, in 2013, NASA funded a small study at the University of Southern California to further develop the Contour Crafting 3D printing technique. Potential applications of this technology include constructing lunar structures of a material that could be built of 90-percent lunar material with only ten percent of the material transported from Earth.[9]

In 2017 the Contour Crafting Corporation (of which Khoshnevis is the CEO) announced a partnership with and investment from Doka Ventures. In the press release, they claim that they "will start delivery of the first printers early next year".[10]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Annenberg Foundation Puts Robotic Disaster Rebuilding Technology on Fast Track". University of Southern California School of Engineering. November 14, 2005. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
  2. ^ "Automated Construction using Contour Crafting – Applications on Earth and Beyond" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2014.
  3. ^ "Caterpillar Inc. Funds Viterbi 'Print-a-House' Construction Technology". USC – Viterbi School of Engineering. August 28, 2008. Archived from the original on October 10, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  4. ^ "Singularity University Semester Completion and Projects". NextBigFuture. August 28, 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
  5. ^ "Home, Sweet Home". University of Southern California. March 24, 2004. Archived from the original on February 25, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  6. ^ "Green Building and Development" (PDF). Virginia Tech University. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  7. ^ Gabriel Fernandes; Lucas Feitosa (August 26, 2015). "Impact of Contour Crafting on Civil Engineering". International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT). 4 (8). Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  8. ^ "Colloquium with Behrokh Khoshnevis". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  9. ^ "NASA's plan to build homes on the Moon: Space agency backs 3D print technology which could build base". TechFlesh. January 15, 2014. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
  10. ^ "New Press Release - CC-Corp". CC-Corp. June 8, 2017. Archived from the original on February 3, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2017.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Contour_crafting&oldid=1191245309"