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{{Short description|Police investigation department}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2016}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{more cn|date=December 2022}}
In the [[United Kingdom]] and many [[Commonwealth of Nations|former British colonies]], '''Criminal Investigation Department''' ('''CID''') is the generic name for the branch of a police force to which most plainclothes [[criminal investigation|detectives]] belong. A force's CID is distinct from its [[Special Branch]] (though officers of both are entitled to the rank prefix "Detective").
The '''Criminal Investigation Department''' ('''CID''') is the branch of a police force to which most plainclothes [[criminal investigation|detectives]] belong in the [[United Kingdom]] and many [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] nations. A force's CID is distinct from its [[Special Branch]] (though officers of both are entitled to the rank prefix "Detective"). The name derives from the [[Criminal Investigation Department (Metropolitan Police)|CID of the Metropolitan Police]], formed on 8 April 1878 by [[C. E. Howard Vincent]] as a re-formation of its [[Detective Branch (Metropolitan Police)|Detective Branch]].<ref>{{cite web |title= History of the Metropolitan Police – CID – Criminal Investigations Department |url= http://www.met.police.uk/history/cid.htm |website=Metropolitan Police |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120606042534/http://www.met.police.uk/history/cid.htm |archive-date=6 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Policesleuths">{{cite book |last1= Shpayer-Makov |first1=Haia |title=The Ascent of the Detective: Police Sleuths in Victorian and Edwardian England|year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn= 9780199577408}}</ref> British colonial police forces all over the world adopted the terminology developed in the UK in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and later the police forces of those countries often retained it after independence. English-language media often use "CID" as a translation to refer to comparable organisations in other countries.


==By country==
The [[History of the Metropolitan Police Service| Metropolitan Police]] set up a detective branch with eight plainclothes detectives in 1842, thirteen years after it was established in 1829.<ref name="Policesleuths" /> Detective units were established in the [[City of London Police]] and in other major cities and towns from the mid-nineteenth century onwards.<ref name="Policesleuths">{{cite book |last1= Shpayer-Makov |first1=Haia |title=The Ascent of the Detective: Police Sleuths in Victorian and Edwardian England|year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn= 9780199577408}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Our history |url= http://www.nottinghamshire.police.uk/site-page/history |website=Nottinghamshire Police |access-date=16 July 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170710002947/http://nottinghamshire.police.uk/site-page/history |archive-date=10 July 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>


===Afghanistan===
On 8 April 1878 [[C. E. Howard Vincent]] re-formed the Metropolitan Police Detective Branch into the CID.<ref>{{cite web |title= History of the Metropolitan Police – CID – Criminal Investigations Department – |url= http://www.met.police.uk/history/cid.htm |website=Metropolitan Police |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120606042534/http://www.met.police.uk/history/cid.htm |archive-date=6 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Policesleuths" /> Originally, Vincent's CID was under the direct command of the [[Home Secretary]], but since 1888 it has reported to the [[Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis| Commissioner of Police]].
The ''Criminal Investigation Department'' is under the [[Afghan National Police]].<ref>https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/10/AAAN-2011-Police_and_Paramilitarisation.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bmi.bund.de/EN/topics/security/international-cooperation/afghanistan/afghanistan.html|title = The German Police Project Team in Afghanistan}}</ref>

British colonial police forces all over the world adopted the terminology developed in the UK in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and later the police forces of those countries often retained it after independence. English-language media often use "CID" as a translation to refer to comparable organisations in other countries.

==By country==


===Bangladesh===
===Bangladesh===
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===France===
===France===
{{main|Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire}}
{{main|Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire}}
{{further|Judicial police (France)}}
The Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire (DCPJ) is the national authority of the criminal division of the French [[National Police (France)|National Police]]. Its function is to lead and co-ordinate the action of the [[Law enforcement agency|law enforcement]] forces against organised crime.
The Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire (DCPJ) is the national authority of the criminal division of the French [[National Police (France)|National Police]]. Its function is to lead and co-ordinate the action of the [[Law enforcement agency|law enforcement]] forces against crime.


===Germany, Austria and Switzerland===
===Germany, Austria and Switzerland===
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Many [[State police#India|state police]] forces in India possess a CID (sometimes known as the ''investigation branch'') as a specialised wing.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/150541.cms HC issues notice to crime branch-CID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607130805/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/150541.cms |date=7 June 2011 }} ''[[The Times of India]]'', 28 August 2003. "crime branch-CID of Tamil Nadu Police"</ref> Personnel attached to this wing work in plain clothes, or ''mufti''. A CID may contain sub-branches, for instance the CID in Uttar Pradesh includes the state crime investigation bureau, finger print bureau and scientific section.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uppolice.gov.in/article/en/about-us-cid|title=CID|publisher=uppolice.gov.in}}</ref>
Many [[State police#India|state police]] forces in India possess a CID (sometimes known as the ''investigation branch'') as a specialised wing.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/150541.cms HC issues notice to crime branch-CID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607130805/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/150541.cms |date=7 June 2011 }} ''[[The Times of India]]'', 28 August 2003. "crime branch-CID of Tamil Nadu Police"</ref> Personnel attached to this wing work in plain clothes, or ''mufti''. A CID may contain sub-branches, for instance the CID in Uttar Pradesh includes the state crime investigation bureau, finger print bureau and scientific section.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uppolice.gov.in/article/en/about-us-cid|title=CID|publisher=uppolice.gov.in}}</ref>


Like their counterparts in the law and order police, the crime branch has its own ranks up to the level of [[Additional Director General of Police|additional director general of police]] or special [[commissioner of police]].<ref name="ke">[http://www.keralapolice.org/newsite/cbcid.html Crime Branch CID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404041914/http://keralapolice.org/newsite/cbcid.html |date=4 April 2013 }} [[Kerala Police]], Official website.</ref> The crime branch has senior officers like superintendents, [[Inspector#India|inspector]]s and [[sub-inspector]]s. Officers and men attached to this wing generally add the prefix ''detective'' before their regular [[police rank]].
Like their counterparts in the law and order police (''local police''), the crime branch has its own ranks up to the level of [[Additional Director General of Police|additional director general of police]] or special [[commissioner of police]].<ref name="ke">[http://www.keralapolice.org/newsite/cbcid.html Crime Branch CID] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404041914/http://keralapolice.org/newsite/cbcid.html |date=4 April 2013 }} [[Kerala Police]], Official website.</ref> The crime branch has senior officers like superintendents, [[Inspector#India|inspector]]s and [[sub-inspector]]s. Officers and men attached to this wing generally add the prefix ''detective'' before their regular [[police rank]].

While the name "CID" is used in several states, some states use different names for their CID units. In Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and , the CID is known as the Crime Investigation Department. In Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajastan, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Jammu and Kashmir, it is known as the Criminal Investigation Department. In Delhi and Kerala, the CID is referred to as the Crime Branch, and in Tamilnadu, it is known as the Crime Branch - Criminal Investigation Department (CB-CID).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official website of Crime Branch, Kerala Police |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/page/crime-branch |website=Crime Branch - Kerala Police}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} Criminal Investigation Department Maharashtra State |url=https://mahacid.gov.in/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=mahacid.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2022-11-15 |title=Delhi Crime Branch busts gang manufacturing fake cancer drugs |url=https://theprint.in/india/delhi-crime-branch-busts-gang-manufacturing-fake-cancer-drugs/1217794/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=uppolice.gov.in{{!}} Official Website of Uttar Pradesh Police {{!}} Criminal Investigation Dept. (CB CID) |url=https://uppolice.gov.in/article/en/about-us-cid |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=uppolice.gov.in}}</ref>


The crime branch's tasks are to investigate [[Criminal law|criminal]] cases, which span across multiple districts or states. The CID may also take up complicated cases like communal riot cases, circulation of counterfeit currency or very complicated murder cases.<ref name="ke" /> A crime branch investigation is ordered either by a [[judiciary|judicial]] court, by the director-general of police, or the government.
The crime branch's tasks are to investigate [[Criminal law|criminal]] cases, which span across multiple districts or states. The CID may also take up complicated cases like communal riot cases, circulation of counterfeit currency or very complicated murder cases.<ref name="ke" /> A crime branch investigation is ordered either by a [[judiciary|judicial]] court, by the director-general of police, or the government.


Crime branch officers can be transferred to the law and order police, and vice versa. The crime branch is different from the crime detachment or crime squad. Crime Detachment and Crime Squads are a group of regular law and order policemen (who generally wear the uniform specifically detailed by the [[Inspector#India|police inspector]] to work in plain clothes to keep a tab on local criminal elements, prostitutes, petty thieves, and other habitual offenders.
Crime branch officers can be transferred to the law and order police, and vice versa. The crime branch is different from the crime detachment or crime squad. Crime Detachment and Crime Squads are a group of regular law and order policemen (who generally wear the uniform specifically detailed by the [[Inspector#India|police inspector]] to work in plain clothes to keep a tab on local criminal elements, prostitutes, petty thieves, and other habitual offenders.
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===Singapore===
===Singapore===
{{main|Criminal Investigation Department (Singapore)}}
{{main|Criminal Investigation Department (Singapore)}}
The [[Singapore Police Force]]'s CID is the agency for premier investigation and staff authority for criminal investigation matters within the Singapore Police Force.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.police.gov.sg/about/org/cid.html#cid |title=Archived copy |access-date=18 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929141539/http://www.police.gov.sg/about/org/cid.html#cid |archive-date=29 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The [[Singapore Police Force]]'s CID is the agency for premier investigation and staff authority for criminal investigation matters within the Singapore Police Force.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.police.gov.sg/about/org/cid.html#cid |title=Singapore Police Force &#124; About Us &#124; Criminal Investigation Department |access-date=18 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929141539/http://www.police.gov.sg/about/org/cid.html#cid |archive-date=29 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


===Sri Lanka===
===Sri Lanka===
{{main|Criminal Investigation Department (Sri Lanka)}}
{{main|Criminal Investigation Department (Sri Lanka)}}
The [[Criminal Investigation Department (Sri Lanka)|CID]] of the [[Sri Lanka Police Service]] is responsible for carrying out investigations into crimes including murder and organised crime. It was established in 1870.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.police.lk/divisions/history.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-08-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819102740/http://www.police.lk/divisions/history.asp# |archive-date=19 August 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
The [[Criminal Investigation Department (Sri Lanka)|CID]] of the [[Sri Lanka Police Service]] is responsible for carrying out investigations into crimes including murder and organised crime. It was established in 1870.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.police.lk/divisions/history.asp |title=Sri Lanka Police Service - Police History |access-date=2008-08-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819102740/http://www.police.lk/divisions/history.asp |archive-date=19 August 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>


===United Kingdom===
===United Kingdom===
Detectives are usually either assigned to a CID unit within a local policing command, or to a central specialised unit dealing with a specific type of crime, such as fraud or sexual offences.<ref name="ukinfo">{{cite web|url=http://www.police-information.co.uk/Docs/careerinformation/specialistdepts/cid.html|title=www.police-information.co.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012012726/http://www.police-information.co.uk/Docs/careerinformation/specialistdepts/cid.html|archive-date=12 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Most local police stations have more uniformed officers than CID officers; a smaller station might have five DCs with a Detective Sergeant (DS) in command, while a larger station would have more CID officers under a detective of higher rank. A particular case would be assigned to a Senior Investigating Officer (SIO) whose rank would depend on the seriousness of the crime and their force's policy.
Detectives are usually either assigned to a CID unit within a local policing command, or to a central specialised unit dealing with a specific type of crime, such as fraud or sexual offences.<ref name="ukinfo">{{cite web|url=http://www.police-information.co.uk/Docs/careerinformation/specialistdepts/cid.html|title=www.police-information.co.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012012726/http://www.police-information.co.uk/Docs/careerinformation/specialistdepts/cid.html|archive-date=12 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Most local police stations have more uniformed officers than CID officers; a smaller station might have five DCs with a Detective Sergeant (DS) in command, while a larger station would have more CID officers under a detective of higher rank. A particular case would be assigned to a Senior Investigating Officer (SIO) whose rank would depend on the seriousness of the crime and their force's policy.


Detectives in the United Kingdom do not have a separate rank system and are not senior to uniformed officers who hold the same rank. Before 1999, female detectives' ranks were prefixed with "Woman", [[Women in law enforcement in the United Kingdom|as in other branches of the police]]. The head of the CID in most police forces is a Detective Chief Superintendent. Ranks are abbreviated as follows:
Detectives in the United Kingdom do not have a separate rank system and are not senior to uniformed officers who hold the same rank, however, a senior detective does outrank a uniformed officer of a lower rank. for example a Detective Inspector outranks a uniformed Sergeant. Before 1999, female detectives' ranks were prefixed with "Woman", [[Women in law enforcement in the United Kingdom|as in other branches of the police]]. The head of the CID in most police forces is a Detective Chief Superintendent. Ranks are abbreviated as follows:


*[[Constable#United Kingdom|Detective Constable]] (DC or Det Con)
*[[Constable#United Kingdom|Detective Constable]] (DC or Det Con)
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*[[Inspector#United Kingdom|Detective Inspector]] (DI or Det Insp)
*[[Inspector#United Kingdom|Detective Inspector]] (DI or Det Insp)
*[[Chief Inspector#United Kingdom|Detective Chief Inspector]] (DCI or Det Ch Insp)
*[[Chief Inspector#United Kingdom|Detective Chief Inspector]] (DCI or Det Ch Insp)
*[[Superintendent (police)#United Kingdom|Detective Superintendent]] (DSU<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.met.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/foi-media/metropolitan-police/priorities_and_how_we_are_doing/corporate/operation-herne---report-2-allegations-of-peter-francis-operation-trinity|title=Meterpolitan Police Total Policing|website=met.police.uk|date=March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023160504/https://www.met.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/foi-media/metropolitan-police/priorities_and_how_we_are_doing/corporate/operation-herne---report-2-allegations-of-peter-francis-operation-trinity|archive-date=23 October 2021|access-date=13 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://statewatch.org/news/2016/apr/uk-ipcc-kevin-hutchinson-foster-report-4-16.pdf|title=Alleged MPS failure to investigate an allegation of serious assault on 29 July 2011|website=statewatch.org|date=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725055148/https://www.statewatch.org/media/documents/news/2016/apr/uk-ipcc-kevin-hutchinson-foster-report-4-16.pdf|archive-date=25 July 2021|access-date=13 June 2023}}</ref> or Det Supt)
*[[Superintendent (police)#United Kingdom|Detective Superintendent]] (DSU or Det Supt)
*[[Chief Superintendent|Detective Chief Superintendent]] (DCS or Det Ch Supt)
*[[Chief Superintendent|Detective Chief Superintendent]] (DCS or Det Ch Supt)


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====Military investigations====
====Military investigations====
The [[Royal Military Police]] (RMP), [[Royal Navy Police]] (RNP), and [[RAF Police]] all maintain a [[Special Investigation Branch]] (SIB), fulfilling much the same role as a civilian CID. The [[Ministry of Defence Police]] is a civilian force that provides policing services on military bases, and as such has a CID much like a territorial police force. The RMP SIB has regular sections and one [[Army Reserve(United Kingdom)|Army Reserve]] section. To join the reserve section, a reservist must either have a regular army SIB or civilian CID background.please can you help me don't know what's happening but I'm really upset can you help me I meet this person online 3 years ago hes scammed me out of 5000 pounds over three years he said hes in the army fort bragg north Carolina I'm really worried hes in Georgia somewhere just learnt hes committed suicide shot himself been told hes in a coma and is in a critical condition I'm very upset because I'm in love with this person and I dont want him dead that's the last thing I want I just need the truth hes called William Smith jackson
The [[Royal Military Police]] (RMP), [[Royal Navy Police]] (RNP), and [[RAF Police]] all maintained a [[Special Investigation Branch]] (SIB), fulfilling much the same role as a civilian CID. These Units have all been merged into a tri-service unit called the [[Defence Serious Crime Unit]] (DSCU). The [[Ministry of Defence Police]] is a civilian force that provides policing services on military bases, and as such has a CID much like a territorial police force. The RMP SIB has regular sections and one [[Army Reserve(United Kingdom)|Army Reserve]] section. To join the reserve section, a reservist must either have a regular army SIB or civilian CID background.


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.met.police.uk/history/cid.htm CID page on Metropolitan Police website]
* [http://www.met.police.uk/history/cid.htm CID page on Metropolitan Police website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606042534/http://www.met.police.uk/history/cid.htm |date=6 June 2012 }}
* [http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/ministry/home/mpf/special.htm CID Myanmar Police Force]{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/ministry/home/mpf/special.htm CID Myanmar Police Force]{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101207004143/http://nottinghamshire.police.uk/about/history/ the history of Nottingham police]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101207004143/http://nottinghamshire.police.uk/about/history/ the history of Nottingham police]
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[[Category:Criminal investigation]]
[[Category:Criminal investigation]]
[[Category:Criminology organizations]]
[[Category:Criminology organizations]]
[[category:History of the Metropolitan Police]]
[[Category:History of the Metropolitan Police]]

Latest revision as of 15:16, 14 February 2024

The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is the branch of a police force to which most plainclothes detectives belong in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth nations. A force's CID is distinct from its Special Branch (though officers of both are entitled to the rank prefix "Detective"). The name derives from the CID of the Metropolitan Police, formed on 8 April 1878 by C. E. Howard Vincent as a re-formation of its Detective Branch.[1][2] British colonial police forces all over the world adopted the terminology developed in the UK in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and later the police forces of those countries often retained it after independence. English-language media often use "CID" as a translation to refer to comparable organisations in other countries.

By country[edit]

Afghanistan[edit]

The Criminal Investigation Department is under the Afghan National Police.[3][4]

Bangladesh[edit]

France[edit]

The Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire (DCPJ) is the national authority of the criminal division of the French National Police. Its function is to lead and co-ordinate the action of the law enforcement forces against crime.

Germany, Austria and Switzerland[edit]

Kriminalpolizei is the standard term for the criminal investigation agency within the police forces of Germany, Austria, and the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland.

Hong Kong[edit]

The Hong Kong Police Force's CID is a sub-branch unit within the Criminal Intelligence Bureau under the crime wing of the B department (crime and security).

India[edit]

Many state police forces in India possess a CID (sometimes known as the investigation branch) as a specialised wing.[5] Personnel attached to this wing work in plain clothes, or mufti. A CID may contain sub-branches, for instance the CID in Uttar Pradesh includes the state crime investigation bureau, finger print bureau and scientific section.[6]

Like their counterparts in the law and order police (local police), the crime branch has its own ranks up to the level of additional director general of police or special commissioner of police.[7] The crime branch has senior officers like superintendents, inspectors and sub-inspectors. Officers and men attached to this wing generally add the prefix detective before their regular police rank.

While the name "CID" is used in several states, some states use different names for their CID units. In Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and , the CID is known as the Crime Investigation Department. In Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajastan, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Jammu and Kashmir, it is known as the Criminal Investigation Department. In Delhi and Kerala, the CID is referred to as the Crime Branch, and in Tamilnadu, it is known as the Crime Branch - Criminal Investigation Department (CB-CID).[8][9][10][11]

The crime branch's tasks are to investigate criminal cases, which span across multiple districts or states. The CID may also take up complicated cases like communal riot cases, circulation of counterfeit currency or very complicated murder cases.[7] A crime branch investigation is ordered either by a judicial court, by the director-general of police, or the government.

Crime branch officers can be transferred to the law and order police, and vice versa. The crime branch is different from the crime detachment or crime squad. Crime Detachment and Crime Squads are a group of regular law and order policemen (who generally wear the uniform specifically detailed by the police inspector to work in plain clothes to keep a tab on local criminal elements, prostitutes, petty thieves, and other habitual offenders.

Indonesia[edit]

Indonesian Police investigators from the criminal investigation unit

The criminal investigation units within the Indonesian National Police are called sat-reskrim (satuan reserse kriminal) meaning "criminal investigation unit", it is under the bareskrim (badan reserse kriminal) "criminal investigation agency" which is under the command of the national police headquarters. Every regional police force in Indonesia has this unit; they are concerned with conducting criminal investigations and identification activities.

Ireland[edit]

The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) maintained a CID along British lines before the independence of most of Ireland in December 1922. After the Partition of Ireland and the establishment of the Irish Free State in the early 1920s, the Government of the Irish Free State set up a CID for the purposes of counter-insurgency during the 1922-1923 Irish Civil War. It was separate from the unarmed Civic Guard, which later became the Garda Síochána. The Garda today operates local detective squads and several specialised, national detective units, including the National Bureau of Criminal Investigation.

In Northern Ireland, a region that came into existence in 1921 and which has remained within the United Kingdom, a new police force was formed in June 1922 called the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). This force had its own CID from the start. In November 2001, the RUC was replaced by the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI).

Japan[edit]

Criminal investigation departments or bureaus are set up within each Prefectural police headquarters. They maintain two investigation divisions (捜査課, sousa-ka) (third or even fourth divisions are established in some urban prefecture), a organised crime investigation division (組織犯罪対策課, soshikihanzai-taisaku-ka) (reinforced as an independent department or headquarters in the TMPD and some prefecture), a mobile investigation unit, and a identification division (鑑識課, kanshiki-ka). The mobile investigation units (機動捜査隊, kidō sousa-tai) are first responders for initial criminal investigations, distributed among the region with unmarked cars. The special investigation teams (特殊事件捜査係, tokushu-jiken sousa-kakari) are specialised detective units of the first investigation divisions, well acquainted with new technologies and special tactics including SWAT capabilities.

Kenya[edit]

Malaysia[edit]

The CID of the Royal Malaysian Police is involved with the investigation, arrest, and prosecution of crimes that affect people (e.g. murder, robbery with firearms, rape and injury) and property crime (e.g. theft and house-breaking). Modeled on the British police, this department enforces laws regarding gambling, "sin" and the Triad in Malaysia.

Pakistan[edit]

The CID in Pakistan is a special unit of the provincial and metropolitan police departments, responsible for carrying out investigations into crimes, including terrorism, murders, organised crime and sectarianism. The special branch of the CID in the Asia Division (CIDA) was a division of this department but is currently not operational. It had only 12 members, the names of which are not available because of security issues.

Singapore[edit]

The Singapore Police Force's CID is the agency for premier investigation and staff authority for criminal investigation matters within the Singapore Police Force.[12]

Sri Lanka[edit]

The CID of the Sri Lanka Police Service is responsible for carrying out investigations into crimes including murder and organised crime. It was established in 1870.[13]

United Kingdom[edit]

Detectives are usually either assigned to a CID unit within a local policing command, or to a central specialised unit dealing with a specific type of crime, such as fraud or sexual offences.[14] Most local police stations have more uniformed officers than CID officers; a smaller station might have five DCs with a Detective Sergeant (DS) in command, while a larger station would have more CID officers under a detective of higher rank. A particular case would be assigned to a Senior Investigating Officer (SIO) whose rank would depend on the seriousness of the crime and their force's policy.

Detectives in the United Kingdom do not have a separate rank system and are not senior to uniformed officers who hold the same rank, however, a senior detective does outrank a uniformed officer of a lower rank. for example a Detective Inspector outranks a uniformed Sergeant. Before 1999, female detectives' ranks were prefixed with "Woman", as in other branches of the police. The head of the CID in most police forces is a Detective Chief Superintendent. Ranks are abbreviated as follows:

To join a CID in the United Kingdom, a police officer usually must have served in uniform for at least two years.[14] From 2017 direct entry to the detective branch became possible.[17] While training as a detective they are referred to as a Trainee Detective Constable (TDC)[18] and after completing the national Initial Crime Investigators' Development Programme, typically taking around two years, they become full Detective Constables (DCs).

There is generally no pay increment on obtaining detective status in most forces. Previously paid allowances such as the detective duty allowance (a small payment intended to allow officers to purchase refreshments and other similar petty cash purposes) and the plainclothes allowance (an allowance used to purchase suitable clothing) have all been withdrawn over the past few years.[citation needed]

Military investigations[edit]

The Royal Military Police (RMP), Royal Navy Police (RNP), and RAF Police all maintained a Special Investigation Branch (SIB), fulfilling much the same role as a civilian CID. These Units have all been merged into a tri-service unit called the Defence Serious Crime Unit (DSCU). The Ministry of Defence Police is a civilian force that provides policing services on military bases, and as such has a CID much like a territorial police force. The RMP SIB has regular sections and one Army Reserve section. To join the reserve section, a reservist must either have a regular army SIB or civilian CID background.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "History of the Metropolitan Police – CID – Criminal Investigations Department". Metropolitan Police. Archived from the original on 6 June 2012.
  2. ^ Shpayer-Makov, Haia (2012). The Ascent of the Detective: Police Sleuths in Victorian and Edwardian England. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199577408.
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