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{{short description|Experimental two-seat naval biplane fighter}} |
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{{Distinguish|text = XFD-1, the 1945 jet fighter prototype of [[McDonnell FH Phantom]]}} |
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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin |
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin |
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|name=XFD |
|name= XFD |
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|image=File:Douglas XFD-1.jpg |
|image= File:Douglas XFD-1.jpg |
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|caption= |
|caption= |
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}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |
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|type=[[Fighter aircraft|Fighter]] |
|type= [[Fighter aircraft|Fighter]] |
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|national origin= |
|national origin= United States |
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|manufacturer=[[Douglas Aircraft Company]] |
|manufacturer= [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] |
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|first flight= January 1933 |
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|designer=[[James H. Kindelberger]], [[Arthur Emmons Raymond]] |
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|primary user= [[United States Navy]] |
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|first flight=January {{avyear|1933}}<ref name="Angel">Angelucci, 1987. pp. 182-183.</ref> |
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|number built=1 |
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|introduced= |
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|retired= |
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|status=Abandoned project |
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|primary user= |
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|number built=1 |
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|developed from= |
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|variants with their own articles= |
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}} |
}} |
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|} |
|} |
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The '''Douglas XFD''' was a [[ |
The '''Douglas XFD''' was a [[Carrier-based aircraft|carrier-based]] biplane [[fighter aircraft]] designed for the [[United States Navy]], and the first fighter to be built by the [[Douglas Aircraft Company]]. A victim of changing requirements, no production was undertaken. |
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==Design and development== |
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==Development== |
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The XFD was designed to the [[Bureau of Aeronautics]] |
The XFD was designed to the U.S. Navy's [[Bureau of Aeronautics]] (BuAer) Specification No. 311, requesting a carrier-based two-seater biplane fighter.<ref>Yenne 1985, p. 64.</ref> On June 30, 1932, the Navy ordered the XFD, [[Vought XF3U]], and [[Curtiss XF12C]] for testing.<ref name="Angel">Angelucci, 1987. pp. 182-183.</ref> |
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The first naval fighter designed by Douglas Aircraft,<ref>Pattillo 2001, p. 111.</ref> the XFD was constructed of metal, with a fabric outer covering. The crew sat in tandem in a single bay, enclosed by a long canopy. The aircraft had fixed [[conventional landing gear]], and was designed to be armed with two {{convert|.30|in|abbr=on}} [[machine gun]]s, one fixed in the [[cowling]] and the other on a flexible mount for the observer. A {{convert|500|lb|adj=on}} bomb load could be carried.<ref name="John">Johnson 2011, p. 84.</ref> Powered was supplied by a [[Pratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Junior]] [[radial engine]].<ref name="John"/> |
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==Operational history== |
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The XFD-1{{#tag:ref|The XFD-1 designation was later reused by the U.S. Navy for the prototype of the [[McDonnell FH Phantom]] [[jet fighter]].|group=N}} prototype first flew in January 1933;<ref name="Angel"/> it was delivered to the U.S. Navy for trials at [[Naval Air Station Anacostia]] in June 1933, within four days of the delivery of the Vought XF3U-1;<ref name="John"/> evaluations of the types were undertaken between June 18, 1933 and August 14, 1934.<ref name="Angel"/> While the XFD-1's performance was considered to be acceptable, the U.S. Navy's operational requirements were already changing to see the two-seat fighter concept falling out of favor, the [[scout bomber]] being considered more useful for the Navy's needs, and accordingly after the end of the XFD-1's flight trials no further orders were placed for the type.<ref name="John"/> |
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==Specifications== |
==Specifications== |
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[[File:Douglas XFD-1 running up on 26 June 1933.jpg|thumb|right|The XFD-1 in June 1933]] |
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{{aerospecs |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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|ref=Angelucci, 1987. pp. 182-183<ref name="Angel"/> |
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|ref=Angelucci 1987,<ref name="Angel"/> Johnson 2011<ref name="John"/> |
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|met or eng?=eng |
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|prime units?=imp |
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|crew=2 |
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|crew=Two (pilot and observer) |
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|capacity= |
|capacity= |
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|length m= |
|length m= |
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|length ft=25 |
|length ft=25 |
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|length in=4 |
|length in=4 |
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|length note= |
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|span m=9.60 |
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|span m= |
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|span ft=31 |
|span ft=31 |
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|span in=6 |
|span in=6 |
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|span note= |
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|height m=3.37 |
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|height |
|height m= |
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|height |
|height ft=25 |
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|height in=4 |
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|wing area sqm=27.40 |
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|height note= |
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|wing area sqm= |
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|wing area sqft=295 |
|wing area sqft=295 |
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|wing area note= |
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|empty weight kg=1,464 |
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|aspect ratio= |
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|empty weight lb=3,227 |
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|airfoil= |
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|gross weight kg=2,119 |
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| |
|empty weight kg= |
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|empty weight lb=3227 |
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|empty weight note= |
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|gross weight kg= |
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|gross weight lb=5000 |
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|gross weight note= |
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|max takeoff weight kg= |
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|max takeoff weight lb= |
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|max takeoff weight note= |
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|fuel capacity= |
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|more general= |
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|eng1 number=1 |
|eng1 number=1 |
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|eng1 |
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Junior|Pratt & Whitney R-1535-64]] |
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|eng1 type=14-cylinder air-cooled [[radial engine]] |
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|eng1 kw= |
|eng1 kw= |
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|eng1 hp=700 |
|eng1 hp=700 |
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|eng1 note= |
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|max speed kmh=335 |
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|power original= |
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|max speed mph=208 |
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|cruise speed kmh=274 |
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|more power= |
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|prop blade number=2 |
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|prop name=Hamilton Standard |
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|prop dia m= |
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|prop dia ft= |
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|prop dia in= |
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|prop note= |
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|max speed kmh= |
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|max speed mph=204 |
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|max speed kts= |
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|max speed note= |
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|max speed mach= |
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|cruise speed kmh= |
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|cruise speed mph=170 |
|cruise speed mph=170 |
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|cruise speed kts= |
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|cruise speed note= |
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|stall speed kmh= |
|stall speed kmh= |
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|stall speed mph= |
|stall speed mph= |
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|stall speed kts= |
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|range km=927 |
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|stall speed note= |
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|range miles=576 |
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|never exceed speed kmh= |
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|endurance h= |
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|never exceed speed mph= |
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|endurance min= |
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|never exceed speed kts= |
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|ceiling m=7,224 |
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|never exceed speed note= |
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|ceiling ft=23,700 |
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|range km= |
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|climb rate ms=8.48 |
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|range miles= |
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|climb rate ftmin=1,670 |
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|range nmi= |
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|armament1=3 × {{convert|.30|in|mm|2|abbr=on}} [[machine gun]]s |
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|range note= |
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|armament2={{convert|500|lb|kg|abbr=on}} bombs |
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|combat range km= |
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|combat range miles=576 |
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|combat range nmi= |
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|combat range note= |
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|ferry range km= |
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|ferry range miles= |
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|ferry range nmi= |
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|ferry range note= |
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|endurance= |
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|ceiling m= |
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|ceiling ft=23700 |
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|ceiling note= |
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|g limits= |
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|roll rate= |
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|glide ratio= |
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|climb rate ms= |
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|climb rate ftmin=1670 |
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|climb rate note= |
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|time to altitude= |
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|lift to drag= |
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|wing loading kg/m2= |
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|wing loading lb/sqft= |
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|wing loading note= |
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|disk loading kg/m2= |
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|disk loading lb/sqft= |
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|disk loading note= |
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|fuel consumption kg/km= |
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|fuel consumption lb/mi= |
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|power/mass= |
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|thrust/weight= |
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|more performance= |
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|guns=1 x [[.30-caliber]] [[machine gun]], fixed forwards-firing cowl mounting<br>1 x .30-caliber machine gun, flexible mounting in rear cockpit |
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|bombs={{convert|500|lb}} external |
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|rockets= |
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|missiles= |
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|hardpoints= |
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|hardpoint capacity= |
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|hardpoint rockets= |
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|hardpoint missiles= |
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|hardpoint bombs= |
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|hardpoint other= |
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}} |
}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{commonscat|Douglas XFD}} |
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{{aircontent |
{{aircontent |
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|see also= |
|see also= |
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|related= |
|related= |
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|similar aircraft=*[[ |
|similar aircraft= |
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*[[Curtiss XF12C]] |
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*[[Vought XF3U]] |
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|lists= |
|lists= |
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*[[List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)]] |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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===Notes=== |
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{{Reflist|group=N}} |
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===Citations=== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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===Bibliography=== |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*{{cite book |last= Angelucci |first= Enzo |title=The American Fighter from 1917 to the present |year=1987 |publisher=Orion Books |location=New York |pages= }} |
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*{{cite book|last=Angelucci|first=Enzo|title=The American Fighter from 1917 to the present|year=1987|publisher=Orion Books|location=New York}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Johnson|first=E.R.|title=United States Naval Aviation, 1919-1941|year=2011|publisher=McFarland & Company|location=Jefferson, NC|ISBN=978-0-7864-4550-9}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{cite book|last=Pattillo|first=Donald|title=Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry|year=2001|publisher=University of Michigan Press|location=Ann Arbor, MI|isbn=0-472-10869-7}} |
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{{commonscat|Douglas XFD}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Yenne|first=Bill|title=McDonnell Douglas: Tale of Two Giants|year=1985|publisher=Crescent Books|location=New York|ISBN=978-0-5174-4287-6}} |
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{{refend}} |
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{{Douglas aircraft}} |
{{Douglas aircraft}} |
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{{USN fighters}} |
{{USN fighters}} |
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{{Aviation lists}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:FD, Douglas}} |
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[[Category:Douglas aircraft|F1D]] |
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[[Category:United States fighter aircraft 1930–1939]] |
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[[Category:Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States]] |
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{{Aero-1930s-stub}} |
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[[Category:Douglas aircraft|F01D]] |
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[[Category:1930s United States fighter aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Biplanes]] |
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[[Category:Carrier-based aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1933]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:20, 20 January 2022
| XFD | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Fighter |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Douglas Aircraft Company |
| First flight | January 1933 |
| Primary user | United States Navy |
| Number built | 1 |
The Douglas XFD was a carrier-based biplane fighter aircraft designed for the United States Navy, and the first fighter to be built by the Douglas Aircraft Company. A victim of changing requirements, no production was undertaken.
Design and development[edit]
The XFD was designed to the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) Specification No. 311, requesting a carrier-based two-seater biplane fighter.[1] On June 30, 1932, the Navy ordered the XFD, Vought XF3U, and Curtiss XF12C for testing.[2]
The first naval fighter designed by Douglas Aircraft,[3] the XFD was constructed of metal, with a fabric outer covering. The crew sat in tandem in a single bay, enclosed by a long canopy. The aircraft had fixed conventional landing gear, and was designed to be armed with two .30 in (7.6 mm) machine guns, one fixed in the cowling and the other on a flexible mount for the observer. A 500-pound (230 kg) bomb load could be carried.[4] Powered was supplied by a Pratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Junior radial engine.[4]
Operational history[edit]
The XFD-1[N 1] prototype first flew in January 1933;[2] it was delivered to the U.S. Navy for trials at Naval Air Station Anacostia in June 1933, within four days of the delivery of the Vought XF3U-1;[4] evaluations of the types were undertaken between June 18, 1933 and August 14, 1934.[2] While the XFD-1's performance was considered to be acceptable, the U.S. Navy's operational requirements were already changing to see the two-seat fighter concept falling out of favor, the scout bomber being considered more useful for the Navy's needs, and accordingly after the end of the XFD-1's flight trials no further orders were placed for the type.[4]
Specifications[edit]
Data from Angelucci 1987,[2] Johnson 2011[4]
General characteristics
- Crew: Two (pilot and observer)
- Length: 25 ft 4 in (7.72 m)
- Wingspan: 31 ft 6 in (9.60 m)
- Height: 25 ft 4 in (7.72 m)
- Wing area: 295 sq ft (27.4 m2)
- Empty weight: 3,227 lb (1,464 kg)
- Gross weight: 5,000 lb (2,268 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney R-1535-64 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 700 hp (520 kW)
- Propellers: 2-bladed Hamilton Standard
Performance
- Maximum speed: 204 mph (328 km/h, 177 kn)
- Cruise speed: 170 mph (270 km/h, 150 kn)
- Combat range: 576 mi (927 km, 501 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 23,700 ft (7,200 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,670 ft/min (8.5 m/s)
Armament
- Guns: 1 x .30-caliber machine gun, fixed forwards-firing cowl mounting
1 x .30-caliber machine gun, flexible mounting in rear cockpit - Bombs: 500 pounds (230 kg) external
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Douglas XFD.
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ The XFD-1 designation was later reused by the U.S. Navy for the prototype of the McDonnell FH Phantom jet fighter.
Citations[edit]
Bibliography[edit]
- Angelucci, Enzo (1987). The American Fighter from 1917 to the present. New York: Orion Books.
- Johnson, E.R. (2011). United States Naval Aviation, 1919-1941. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-4550-9.
- Pattillo, Donald (2001). Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-10869-7.
- Yenne, Bill (1985). McDonnell Douglas: Tale of Two Giants. New York: Crescent Books. ISBN 978-0-5174-4287-6.