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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|image = Lauraceae_Enlidcheria_paniculata.jpg
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperm]]s
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|image_caption = ''Endlicheria paniculata''
|unranked_classis = [[Magnoliid]]s
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|taxon = Endlicheria
|ordo = [[Laurales]]
|familia = [[Lauraceae]]
|authority = [[Nees]]
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|subdivision_ranks = Species
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| genus = '''''Endlicheria'''''
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|subdivision = See text
| genus_authority = [[Nees]]
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|synonyms =
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| subdivision_ranks = Especies
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* ''Ampelodaphne'' <small>[[Meisn.]]</small>
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| subdivision = See text
* ''Goeppertia'' <small>[[Nees]] (1836), ''nom. illeg.'', not Nees (1831)</small><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=21417-1&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditAdvPlantNameSearch.do%3Ffind_infragenus%3D%26find_isAPNIRecord%3Dtrue%26find_geoUnit%3D%26find_includePublicationAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_addedSince%3D%26find_family%3D%26find_genus%3Dgoeppertia%26find_sortByFamily%3Dtrue%26find_isGCIRecord%3Dtrue%26find_infrafamily%3D%26find_rankToReturn%3Dall%26find_publicationTitle%3D%26find_authorAbbrev%3D%26find_infraspecies%3D%26find_includeBasionymAuthors%3Dtrue%26find_modifiedSince%3D%26find_isIKRecord%3Dtrue%26find_species%3D%26output_format%3Dnormal|title=International Plant Names Index, entry for the ''Goeppertia'' Nees of 1836}}</ref>
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| synonyms =
* ''Huberodaphne'' <small>[[Adolpho Ducke|Ducke]]</small>
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* ''Ampelodaphne'' [[Meisn.]]
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/genera/lauraceaegen.html|title=Vascular Plant Families And Genera: List Of Genera In Lauraceae}}</ref>
* ''Brassiodendron'' [[C.K.Allen]]
* ''Goeppertia'' [[Nees]]
* ''Huberodaphne'' [[Adolpho Ducke|Ducke]]<ref>[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/genera/lauraceaegen.html Sinonimia en APWeb]</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Endlicheria''''' is a genus of [[plant]] in family [[Lauraceae]]. Endlicheria is a neotropical genus consisting of approximately 60 species occurring mostly in the norther South America and Amazon region.
'''''Endlicheria''''' is a neotropical plant genus consisting of approximately 60 species, occurring mostly in northern South America and the Amazon region. Most species are medium-sized trees, sometime up to 40 metres in height, but a few species are shrubs.<ref name=Chanderbali>{{cite book|title=''Endlicheria'' (Lauraceae)|author=André S. Chanderbali|series=Flora Neotropica|volume=91|year=2004|pages=1–141|jstor=4393929|publisher=New York Botanical Garden Press}}</ref> DNA molecular data shows that it is closely related to ''[[Rhodostemonodaphne]]'' and ''[[Ocotea]]''.


This genus has many species of high commercial value to the wood industry.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}
== Overview ==
''Endlicheria'' is a neotropical botanical genus with 60 [[species]] of [[flowering plant]]s, shrubs and trees, mostly hardwood evergreen trees belonging to the family [[Lauraceae]].
''Endlicheria'', a South America-centered genus of the Ocotea complex. DNA molecular data showing that its members are nested within [[Rhodostemonodaphne]] and [[Ocotea]] clade forming three genera closely related. Sixty species of Endlicheria are recognized. Two species are transferred to Rhodostemonodaphne. Nine infrageneric species groups are informally recognized in ''Endlicheria''. Of these, the ''[[Endlicheria punctulata]]'' species group is closer to species of the ''[[Ocotea cernua]]'' species group than to its congeners, in both molecular and morphological aspects. Representatives of each of the eight remaining species groups are united with a diverse representation of Rhodostemonodaphne in a well-supported but unresolved clade. The Endlicheria-Rhodostemonodaphne relation is manifested. It is suggested that the two-locellate anthers that distinguish Endlicheria from Rhodostemonodaphne evolved repeatedly.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/4393929</ref>
This genus have many high commercial value plant species were supplied by wood industry, be cause there are many more studies on its distribution, biology and ecology to looking for timber.


''Endlicheria'' species are extended mostly in the drainage area of the [[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] from [[South America]], and low coast rainforest and mountain tropical forest in Guianian, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Ecuador. Also in Andean [[Cloud forest]] in tropical America. The species of Endlicheria occurs in moist forest habitats from elevations of around sea level to 2.500 meters in the Andean and Guianian highlands. At least two species are present in mountain cloud forest and Atlantic forest of south east of Brazil and other tw species in caribean lesser Antillas mountain cloud forest.
''Endlicheria'' species occur mostly in the drainage area of the [[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] from [[South America]], and low coast rainforest and mountain tropical forest in the Greater Antilles, Guianas, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, to the south of Brazil, and in the Andean [[cloud forest]] in tropical America.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} The species of ''Endlicheria'' occur in moist forest habitats from elevations of around sea level to 2.500 meters in the Andean and Guianian highlands.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} At least two species are present in mountain cloud forest and Atlantic forest of south east Brazil, and two other species in Caribbean Lesser Antilles mountain cloud forest.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}
The species classified now in Endlicheria were previously spread over the lauraceae genera of ''[[Ampelodaphne]]'', ''[[Brassiodendron]]'', ''[[Goeppertia]]'', and ''[[Huberodaphne]]''. Traditionally, ''Endlicheria'' was placed near ''[[Aniba]]'' and the other of the Lauraceae with two locellate anthers.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/4393929</ref>


==Taxonomy==
''[[Rhodostemonodaphne]]'', with four-locellate anthers was classified with ''[[Nectandra]]'', but form a monophylogenetic genus close to ''Endlicheria''. The two genera form a group of approximately 100 known species.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/4393929</ref>
Traditionally, ''Endlicheria'' was placed near ''[[Aniba]]'' and the other Lauraceae with two locellate anthers.<ref name=Chanderbali/> However, it has been suggested that the two-locellate anthers that distinguish ''Endlicheria'' from ''Rhodostemonodaphne'' evolved repeatedly.<ref name=Chanderbali/> The two genera form a group of approximately 100 known species.<ref name=Chanderbali/>


== Characteristics ==
== Characteristics ==
Flowers bell-shaped, covered outside with hair-like (pubescent). Flower with 3 fertile stamens. Stamens of the third grade are fertile. Leaves congested at the apex of the branches, flowers in panicles with racemose endings, when present small dome over the fruit and single border. This genus is closely related to [[Licaria]] and [[Aiouea]].
Leaves congested at the apex of the branches, flowers in panicles with racemose endings.


The plants are [[dioecious]], i.e., male and female flowers appear on different trees.<ref name=Chan2>{{cite journal|author=Chanderbali, A.|author2=S.H. van der Werff|author3=S.S. Renner|name-list-style=amp|year=2001|title=Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Lauraceae: evidence from the chloroplast and nuclear genomes|journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden|volume=88|issue=1|pages=104–134|url=http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cfb2/6ac9ac1910c389d4b701cc57dee81b39159f.pdf|doi=10.2307/2666133|jstor=2666133}}</ref>
They are [[dioecious]] Lauraceae trees sometimes over 30 m tall or more, others are shrubs. Some species are tomentoses. Evergreen lauroid leaves alternate with the apical mucro, or 'drip tip'. The leaves are elliptics with recurvated margins or narrow bullated. Some species are having pubescent leaves.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/3392037</ref>
The inflorescence are panicle with racemose terminations. The flowers are male or female.
Androecium with three stamens fertile, thinner fillets or undifferentiated anthers, anthers bilocelares.
Fruit is a berry dark or black, is an important food source for birds, usually this birds are from specialized genus: [[Cotingidae]], [[Columbidae]], [[Rhamphastidae]], [[Trogonidae]], [[Turdidae]], etc. Birds eat the whole fruit and regurgitate seeds intact, expanding the seeds in the best conditions for germination ([[Biological dispersal|ornitochory]]). In some species the [[seed dispersal]] is carried out by [[monkey]]s, [[chipmunk]]s, [[porcupine]]s, [[Opossum]]s or [[fish]]es.


== Species selected ==
== Selected species ==
* ''[[Endlicheria acuminata]]'' [[Kosterm.]]
*''[[Endlicheria acuminata]]'' [[Kosterm.]]
* ''[[Endlicheria anomala]]'' ([[Nees]]) [[Mez]]
*''[[Endlicheria anomala]]'' ([[Nees]]) [[Carl Christian Mez|Mez]]
* ''[[Endlicheria arachnocome]]'' [[Chanderbali]]
*''[[Endlicheria arachnocome]]'' [[Chanderb.]]
* ''[[Endlicheria arenosa]]'' Chanderbali
*''[[Endlicheria arenosa]]'' Chanderb.
* ''[[Endlicheria argentea]]'' Chanderbali
*''[[Endlicheria argentea]]'' Chanderb.
* ''[[Endlicheria bracteolata]]'', (Meissner)
*''[[Endlicheria bracteata]]'' [[Carl Christian Mez|Mez]]
*''[[Endlicheria bracteata]]'' [[Mez]]
*''[[Endlicheria bracteolata]]'' (Meisn.) C.K.Allen
*''[[Endlicheria citriodora]]''[[van der Werff]]
*''[[Endlicheria browniana]]'' (Meisn.) Mez
*''[[Endlicheria chalisea]]'' Chanderbali
*''[[Endlicheria chalisea]]'' Chanderb.
*''[[Endlicheria browniana]]'' Mez
*''[[Endlicheria citriodora]]'' {{ill|Henk van der Werff|nl|lt=van der Werff}}
*''[[Endlicheria chrysovelutina]]'' Chanderbali
*''[[Endlicheria chrysovelutina]]'' Chanderb.
*''[[Endlicheria cocuirey]]'' Kostermans
*''[[Endlicheria cocuirey]]'' Kosterm.
*''[[Endlicheria colombiana]]'' (Meissner) Mez
*''[[Endlicheria columbiana]]'' (Meissner) Mez
*''[[Endlicheria gracilis]]'' Kostermans
*''[[Endlicheria gracilis]]'' Kosterm.
*''[[Endlicheria griseo-sericea]]'' Chanderbali
*''[[Endlicheria griseosericea]]'' Chanderb.
*''[[Endlicheria klugii]]'' O. C. Schmidt
*''[[Endlicheria klugii]]'' O.C.Schmidt
*''[[Endlicheria krukovii]]'' (A. C. Smith) Kostermans
*''[[Endlicheria krukovii]]'' (A.C.Sm.) Kosterm.
*''[[Endlicheria tschudyana]]'' (Lasser) Kostermans
*''[[Endlicheria robusta]]'' (A.C.Sm.) Kosterm.
* ''[[Endlicheria robusta]]'', ([[Elias Magnus Fries|Fr.]] Allem.) Taub.
*''[[Endlicheria tschudyana]]'' (Lasser) Kosterm.
*''[[Endlicheria verticillata]]''
*''[[Endlicheria verticillata]]'' Mez
*''[[Endlicheria vinotincta]]'' C
*''[[Endlicheria vinotincta]]'' C.K.Allen
*''[[Endlicheria williamsii]]'' O. C. Schmidt
*''[[Endlicheria williamsii]]'' O.C.Schmidt
*''[[Endlicheria xerampela]]'' Chanderbali
*''[[Endlicheria xerampela]]'' Chanderb.


<!--Bot notice: new species go here-->
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Commons}}
{{cite journal|title=Novelties in Guianian ''Endlicheria'' (Lauraceae)|author=André Chanderbali|journal=Novon|volume=6|issue=4|year=1996|pages=328–334|jstor=3392037|doi=10.2307/3392037|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/28362 }}
* http://lauraceae.myspecies.info/category/lauraceae/lauraceae/endlicheria
* http://lauraceae.myspecies.info/category/lauraceae/lauraceae/endlicheria
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=40&taxon_id=111625 ''Endlicheria'' en eFlora]
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=40&taxon_id=111625 ''Endlicheria'' in Bolivia checklist]
* Chanderbali, A. S. 2004. Endlicheria (Lauraceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 91. The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, New York.
{{wikispecies|Lauraceae}}
{{commonscat|Lauraceae}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q5376202}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Lauraceae]]
[[Category:Endlicheria| ]]
[[Category:Endlicheria]]
[[Category:Dioecious plants]]
[[Category:Laurales genera]]




{{Laurales-stub}}
{{Laurales-stub}}

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[[es:Endlicheria]]
[[pt:Endlicheria]]

Latest revision as of 17:22, 13 January 2024

Endlicheria
Endlicheria paniculata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Endlicheria
Nees
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]
  • Ampelodaphne Meisn.
  • Goeppertia Nees (1836), nom. illeg., not Nees (1831)[2]
  • Huberodaphne Ducke

Endlicheria is a neotropical plant genus consisting of approximately 60 species, occurring mostly in northern South America and the Amazon region. Most species are medium-sized trees, sometime up to 40 metres in height, but a few species are shrubs.[3] DNA molecular data shows that it is closely related to Rhodostemonodaphne and Ocotea.

This genus has many species of high commercial value to the wood industry.[citation needed]

Endlicheria species occur mostly in the drainage area of the Amazon from South America, and low coast rainforest and mountain tropical forest in the Greater Antilles, Guianas, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, to the south of Brazil, and in the Andean cloud forest in tropical America.[citation needed] The species of Endlicheria occur in moist forest habitats from elevations of around sea level to 2.500 meters in the Andean and Guianian highlands.[citation needed] At least two species are present in mountain cloud forest and Atlantic forest of south east Brazil, and two other species in Caribbean Lesser Antilles mountain cloud forest.[citation needed]

Taxonomy[edit]

Traditionally, Endlicheria was placed near Aniba and the other Lauraceae with two locellate anthers.[3] However, it has been suggested that the two-locellate anthers that distinguish Endlicheria from Rhodostemonodaphne evolved repeatedly.[3] The two genera form a group of approximately 100 known species.[3]

Characteristics[edit]

Leaves congested at the apex of the branches, flowers in panicles with racemose endings.

The plants are dioecious, i.e., male and female flowers appear on different trees.[4]

Selected species[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Vascular Plant Families And Genera: List Of Genera In Lauraceae".
  2. ^ International Plant Names Index, entry for the Goeppertia Nees of 1836.
  3. ^ a b c d André S. Chanderbali (2004). Endlicheria (Lauraceae). Flora Neotropica. Vol. 91. New York Botanical Garden Press. pp. 1–141. JSTOR 4393929.
  4. ^ Chanderbali, A.; S.H. van der Werff & S.S. Renner (2001). "Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Lauraceae: evidence from the chloroplast and nuclear genomes" (PDF). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 88 (1): 104–134. doi:10.2307/2666133. JSTOR 2666133.

External links[edit]

Wikispecies has information related to Endlicheria.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Endlicheria.

André Chanderbali (1996). "Novelties in Guianian Endlicheria (Lauraceae)". Novon. 6 (4): 328–334. doi:10.2307/3392037. JSTOR 3392037.


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