Eucalyptus arborella: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of eucalyptus}} |
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{{speciesbox |
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|name = Twertup mallee |
|name = Twertup mallee |
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|genus = Eucalyptus |
|genus = Eucalyptus |
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|species = arborella |
|species = arborella |
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| status = P3 |
| status = P3 |
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|authority = [[Ian Brooker|Brooker]] & [[Stephen Hopper|Hopper]] |
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|authority = [[Ian Brooker|Brooker]] & [[Stephen Hopper|Hopper]]<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus arborella''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/152132|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref> |
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'''''Eucalyptus arborella''''', commonly known as '''Twertup mallet''',<ref name="FloraBase" /> is a [[Mallet (habit)|mallet]] or small tree that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to a small area in the [[Southwest Australia|south-west]] of [[Western Australia]]. It has smooth greyish bark, narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of thirteen to twenty fused together, yellowish green flowers, and fruits fused together in a woody mass. |
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==Description== |
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''Eucalyptus arborella'' is a mallet that typically grows to a height of {{convert|5|m|ft|0}} and does not form a [[lignotuber]]. The bark is a whitish-grey colour, sometimes becoming a coppery-pink and smooth over the length of the tree. The leaves on young plants and on [[coppice]] regrowth are egg-shaped and up to {{convert|60|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|28|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The adult leaves are elliptic to lance-shaped, the same glossy dark green on both sides, {{convert|60-80|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|12-19|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide on a [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] {{convert|5-10|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long. The flower buds are borne in groups of thirteen to twenty and are fused together in leaf [[wikt:axil|axil]]s on a flattened [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] {{convert|12|to|35|mm|1|abbr=on}} long. The cluster of buds is {{convert|45-65|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long at maturity with each bud is {{convert|7-12|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide at the base of the [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]]. The operculum is {{convert|38-50|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, between five and eight times as long as the [[Hypanthium|floral cup]], and curved. Flowering occurs from March to May and the flowers are greenish. The fruit are fused in a woody mass {{convert|9-15|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide on a down-turned peduncle.<ref name="FloraBase" /><ref name="CANBR">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus arborella'' |url=http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org:8080/euclid/data/02050e02-0108-490e-8900-0e0601070d00/media/Html/Eucalyptus_arborella.htm |publisher=Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Nuytsia">{{cite journal |last1=Nicolle |first1=Dean |last2=French |first2=Malcolm |last3=McQuoid |first3=Nathan |title=A revision of ''Eucalyptus'' ser. ''Cornutae'' subser. ''Conjunctae'' (Myrtaceae) from the south coast of Western Australia, including the description of four new taxa and comments on the hybrid origin of ''E. benettiae'' |journal=Nuytsia |date=2008 |volume=18 |pages=206–207 |url=https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/science/nuytsia/531.pdf |access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref> |
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==Taxonomy and naming== |
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The small tree typically grows to a height of {{convert|5|m|ft|0}} and does not form a [[lignotuber]]. The bark is a white-grey colour, sometimes becoming a coppery-pink and smooth over the length of the tree.<ref name=csi>{{cite web|url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/Euclid/sample/html/ARBORE.htm|title=Twertup mallet - Eucalyptus arborella Brooker & Hopper, Nuytsia 14: 336 (2002).|accessdate=11 June 2017|work=Euclid|publisher=[[CSIRO]]}}</ref> |
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''Eucalyptus arborella'' was first formally described in 2002 by [[Ian Brooker]] and [[Stephen Hopper]] from a specimen collected near the Twertup field studies centre in the [[Fitzgerald River National Park]]. The description was published in the journal ''[[Nuytsia (journal)|Nuytsia]]''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus arborella''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/564026|publisher=APNI|access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Nuytsia1">{{cite journal |last1=Brooker |first1=M. Ian |last2=Hopper |first2=Stephen D. |title=Taxonomy of species deriving from the publication of ''Eucalyptus'' subseries ''Cornutae'' (Myrtaceae) |journal=Nuytsia |date=2002 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=336–338 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223971#page/23/mode/1up |access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref> The [[Botanical name|specific epithet]] (''arborella'') is derived from the [[Latin]] word ''arbor'' meaning "tree", with the [[wikt:diminutive#Adjective|diminutive]] [[wikt:suffix|suffix]] ''-ellus'', hence "little tree".<ref name="Sharr">{{cite book |author=Francis Aubie Sharr |author-link=Francis Aubie Sharr |title=Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings |date=2019 |publisher=Four Gables Press |location=Kardinya, Western Australia |isbn=9780958034180 |page=136}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | ''Eucalyptus arborella'' belongs in Eucalyptus subgenus ''Symphyomyrtus'' section ''Bisectae'' subsection ''Hadrotes'' because of its coarsely bisected cotyledons, erect stamens and larger, thick rimmed fruits. The subsection ''Hadrotes'' contains ten species of which eight do not have oil glands in the branchlet pith. Together these eight species form series ''Lehmannianae'', a group that have fruit with exserted valves that have fused tips even after the seeds are lost, a feature also shared with the distantly related ''[[Eucalyptus cornuta]]''.<ref name="CANBR"/> |
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The adult leaves have a concolorous, green, and glossy appearance. the leaves are alternate on petioles that are {{convert|0.5|to|1|cm|in|2}} in length. The blade has a narrowly elliptical to narrowly [[oblanceolate]] shape with a length of {{convert|4|to|7|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} and a width of {{convert|0.7|to|1.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} with the base tapering to the petiole and a pointed apex. The [[inflorescence]]s are unbranched and axillary forming 11 to 15 or more buds that form a tight cluster.<ref name=csi/> |
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| ⚫ | Of the eight species in series ''Lehmannianae'' four species; ''[[Eucalyptus conferruminata|E. conferruminata]]'', ''[[Eucalyptus lehmannii|E. lehmannii]]'', ''[[Eucalyptus mcquoidii|E. mcquoidii]]'' and ''E. arborella'' all have the buds in each an axillary cluster that is fused basally.<ref name="CANBR" /> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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| ⚫ | Of the eight species in series ''Lehmannianae'' four species; ''[[Eucalyptus conferruminata|E. conferruminata]]'', ''[[Eucalyptus lehmannii|E. lehmannii]]'', ''[[Eucalyptus mcquoidii|E. mcquoidii]]'' and ''E. arborella'' all have the buds in each an axillary cluster that is fused basally.<ref name= |
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The Twertup mallet grows in rocky places in the Fitzgerald River National Park and near Corackerup in the [[Esperance Plains]] [[IBRA|biogeographic region]].<ref name="FloraBase"/><ref name="CANBR"/> |
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==Conservation== |
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It produces yellow-green flowers between March and May. It is found on breakaways, creeklines and slopes in a small area along the south coast in the [[Great Southern (Western Australia)|Great Southern]] and [[Goldfields-Esperance]] regions of Western Australia between [[Ravensthorpe, Western Australia|Ravensthorpe]], [[Jerramungup, Western Australia|Jerramungup]] and [[Gnowangerup, Western Australia|Gnowangerup]] where it grows in stony soils.<ref name=FloraBase/> The bulk of the population is confined to the [[Fitzgerald River National Park]].<ref name=csi/> |
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This eucalypt is classified as "[[Declared Rare and Priority Flora List|Priority Three]]" by the Western Australian Government [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Department of Parks and Wildlife]]<ref name="FloraBase" /> meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.<ref name=codes>{{cite web|title=Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna|url=https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/threatened-species/Listings/Conservation%20code%20definitions.pdf|publisher=Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife|access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Portal|Trees}} |
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*[[List of Eucalyptus species|List of ''Eucalyptus'' species]] |
*[[List of Eucalyptus species|List of ''Eucalyptus'' species]] |
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[[Category:Eucalyptus|arborella]] |
[[Category:Eucalyptus|arborella]] |
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[[Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia]] |
[[Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia]] |
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[[Category:Mallees (habit)]] |
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[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]] |
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Eucalypts of Western Australia]] |
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[[Category:Trees of Australia]] |
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[[Category:Plants described in 2002]] |
[[Category:Plants described in 2002]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Ian Brooker]] |
[[Category:Taxa named by Ian Brooker]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Stephen Hopper]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:00, 13 December 2023
| Twertup mallee | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | Eucalyptus |
| Species: | E. arborella
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| Binomial name | |
| Eucalyptus arborella | |
Eucalyptus arborella, commonly known as Twertup mallet,[1] is a mallet or small tree that is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It has smooth greyish bark, narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of thirteen to twenty fused together, yellowish green flowers, and fruits fused together in a woody mass.
Description[edit]
Eucalyptus arborella is a mallet that typically grows to a height of 5 metres (16 ft) and does not form a lignotuber. The bark is a whitish-grey colour, sometimes becoming a coppery-pink and smooth over the length of the tree. The leaves on young plants and on coppice regrowth are egg-shaped and up to 60 mm (2 in) long and 28 mm (1 in) wide. The adult leaves are elliptic to lance-shaped, the same glossy dark green on both sides, 60–80 mm (2–3 in) long and 12–19 mm (0.5–0.7 in) wide on a petiole 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long. The flower buds are borne in groups of thirteen to twenty and are fused together in leaf axils on a flattened peduncle 12 to 35 mm (0.5 to 1.4 in) long. The cluster of buds is 45–65 mm (2–3 in) long at maturity with each bud is 7–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) wide at the base of the operculum. The operculum is 38–50 mm (1–2 in) long, between five and eight times as long as the floral cup, and curved. Flowering occurs from March to May and the flowers are greenish. The fruit are fused in a woody mass 9–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) wide on a down-turned peduncle.[1][3][4]
Taxonomy and naming[edit]
Eucalyptus arborella was first formally described in 2002 by Ian Brooker and Stephen Hopper from a specimen collected near the Twertup field studies centre in the Fitzgerald River National Park. The description was published in the journal Nuytsia.[5][6] The specific epithet (arborella) is derived from the Latin word arbor meaning "tree", with the diminutive suffix -ellus, hence "little tree".[7]
Eucalyptus arborella belongs in Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus section Bisectae subsection Hadrotes because of its coarsely bisected cotyledons, erect stamens and larger, thick rimmed fruits. The subsection Hadrotes contains ten species of which eight do not have oil glands in the branchlet pith. Together these eight species form series Lehmannianae, a group that have fruit with exserted valves that have fused tips even after the seeds are lost, a feature also shared with the distantly related Eucalyptus cornuta.[3]
Of the eight species in series Lehmannianae four species; E. conferruminata, E. lehmannii, E. mcquoidii and E. arborella all have the buds in each an axillary cluster that is fused basally.[3]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
The Twertup mallet grows in rocky places in the Fitzgerald River National Park and near Corackerup in the Esperance Plains biogeographic region.[1][3]
Conservation[edit]
This eucalypt is classified as "Priority Three" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife[1] meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.[8]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e "Eucalyptus arborella". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ "Eucalyptus arborella". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Eucalyptus arborella". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ Nicolle, Dean; French, Malcolm; McQuoid, Nathan (2008). "A revision of Eucalyptus ser. Cornutae subser. Conjunctae (Myrtaceae) from the south coast of Western Australia, including the description of four new taxa and comments on the hybrid origin of E. benettiae" (PDF). Nuytsia. 18: 206–207. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ "Eucalyptus arborella". APNI. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ Brooker, M. Ian; Hopper, Stephen D. (2002). "Taxonomy of species deriving from the publication of Eucalyptus subseries Cornutae (Myrtaceae)". Nuytsia. 14 (3): 336–338. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ Francis Aubie Sharr (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. Kardinya, Western Australia: Four Gables Press. p. 136. ISBN 9780958034180.
- ^ "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 2 March 2019.