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{{Short description|Species of eucalyptus}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
|name = Oil mallee
|name = Oil mallee
|image =
|image = Eucalyptus kochii.jpg
|image_caption = ''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''kochii'' near [[Dalwallinu, Western Australia|Dalwallinu]]
|status =
|status =
|status_system =
|status_system =
|genus = Eucalyptus
|genus = Eucalyptus
|species = kochii
|species = kochii
|authority = [[Joseph Maiden|Maiden]] & [[William Blakely|Blakely]]<ref name=florabase>{{FloraBase | name = ''Eucalyptus kochii'' Maiden & Blakely | id = 5685}}</ref>
|authority = [[Joseph Maiden|Maiden]] & [[William Blakely|Blakely]]<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus kochii''|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/85202|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809204025/https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/85202|url-status=live}}</ref>
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" />
⚫
|}}
|synonyms = ''Eucalyptus oleosa'' var. ''kochii'' <small>(Maiden & Blakely) [[C.A.Gardner]]</small>
'''''Eucalyptus kochii''''', commonly known as '''oil mallee''',<ref name=florabase/> is a native tree of [[Western Australia]].
⚫
}}


'''''Eucalyptus kochii''''', commonly known as '''oil mallee''',<ref name=florabase>{{FloraBase | name = ''Eucalyptus kochii'' Maiden & Blakely | id = 5685}}</ref> is a species of [[Mallee (habit)|mallee]], sometimes a tree, and is [[Endemism|endemic]] to Western Australia. It has rough, flaky or fibrous bark on the trunk, smooth grey bark above, linear to narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of nine to fifteen, white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.[[File:Eucalyptus kochii buds.jpg|thumb|right|flower buds of subsp. ''kochii'']][[File:Eucalyptus kochii fruit.jpg|thumb|right|fruit of subsp. ''kochii'']]
The [[mallee (habit)|mallee]] typically grows to a height of {{convert|3|to|12|m|ft|0}} and has rough bark that is grey to branchlets and a pink-cream colour above. It blooms between October and February producing white flowers.


==Description==
⚫
The species is found on flates, depressions, rises and along roadsides in the [[Mid West (Western Australia)|Mid West]] and [[Wheatbelt (Western Australia)|Wheatbelt]] regions of Western Australia where it grows in sandy-loamy-clay soils over [[laterite]] or [[granite]].
''Eucalyptus kochii'' is a mallee that typically grows to a height of {{cvt|8|m}}, rarely a tree to {{cvt|12|m}}, and forms a [[lignotuber]]. It has rough, flaky or fibrous, light grey to brown bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth grey to pink bark on the thinner branches. The adult leaves are arranged alternately, linear to narrow lance-shaped, the same shade of green on both sides, {{cvt|55-115|mm}} long and {{cvt|5-13|mm}} wide tapering to a [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] {{cvt|5-12|mm}} long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils, usually in groups of seven, nine or eleven on an unbranched [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] {{cvt|6-8|mm}} long, the individual buds on [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicels]] {{cvt|2-3|mm}} long. Mature buds are cylindrical to spindle-shaped, the [[Hypanthium|floral cup]] {{cvt|4-5|mm}} long and about {{cvt|3-4|mm}} wide with a conical to horn-shaped [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]] of similar dimensions. Flowering occurs between October and February and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, oval to urn-shaped [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]] {{cvt|6-7|mm}} long and {{cvt|5-6|mm}} wide with the valves protruding above rim level.<ref name=florabase/><ref name="ABRS">{{cite web |last1=Chippendale |first1=George M. |title=''Eucalyptus kochii'' |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Eucalyptus%20kochii |publisher=Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra |access-date=9 August 2019 |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331170605/https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Eucalyptus%20kochii |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CANBR">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''kochii'' |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/euclid/text/entities/eucalyptus_kochii_subsp._kochii.htm |publisher=Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=1 June 2020 |archive-date=20 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620212420/https://apps.lucidcentral.org/euclid/text/entities/eucalyptus_kochii_subsp._kochii.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Taxonomy==
There are two subspecies:
The species was formally described in 1929 by the [[botanist]]s [[Joseph Maiden]] and [[William Blakely]] in Maiden's book, '' A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus kochii''|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/455289|publisher=APNI|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331172040/https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/instance/apni/455289|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Botanic name|specific epithet]] (''kochii'') honours [[Max Koch]] for his "very keen interest in the flora of South and Western Australia".<ref name="Maiden">{{cite book |last1=Maiden |first1=Joseph |title=A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus (Volume 8) |date=1929 |publisher=New South Wales Government Printer |location=Sydney |page=41 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123314#page/71/mode/1up |access-date=9 August 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306045034/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123314#page/71/mode/1up |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''kochii''
* ''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''plenissima''


In 1950, [[Charles Gardner (botanist)|Charles Gardner]] changed the name to ''E. oleosa'' var. ''kochii'' in the ''[[Royal Society of Western Australia|Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia]]'', but the change has not been accepted by the [[Australian Plant Census]].<ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus oleosa'' var. ''kochii''|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/456127|publisher=APNI|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331170602/https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/instance/apni/456127|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="C.A.Gardner">{{cite journal |last1=Gardner |first1=Charles A. |title=The Western Australian Varieties of ''Eucalyptus oleosa'' F.Muell. ex Miq. and their essential oils |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia |date=1950 |volume=34 |pages=78–79 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151108#page/88/mode/1up |access-date=9 August 2019 |archive-date=24 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524151756/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151108#page/88/mode/1up |url-status=live }}</ref> In the same journal, Gardner described ''E. oleosa'' var. ''borealis'', the name of which has subsequently been changed to ''E. kochii'' subsp. ''borealis'' by [[Dean Nicolle]],<ref name=APNI2>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''borealis''|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/601207|publisher=APNI|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331170447/https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/instance/apni/601207|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''E. oleosa'' var. ''plenissima'', changed to ''E. kochii'' subsp. ''plenissima'' by [[Ian Brooker]].<ref name=APNI3>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''plenissima''|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/455291|publisher=APNI|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331170454/https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/instance/apni/455291|url-status=live}}</ref>
⚫
It is cultivated in plantations for the production of [[eucalyptus oil]]. The distilled oil has a very high content of [[cineole]] (83-94%).<ref>Boland, D.J., Brophy, J.J., and A.P.N. House, ''Eucalyptus Leaf Oils'', 1991, {{ISBN|0-909605-69-6}}</ref>
In 2005, Dean Nicolle also described ''E. kochii'' subsp. ''amaryssia'' and subsp. ''yellowdinensis'', publishing the names in the journal, ''[[Australian Systematic Botany]]''.<ref name=APNI4>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''amaryssia''|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/601208|publisher=APNI|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331170512/https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/instance/apni/601208|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=APNI5>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''yellowdinensis''|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/601209|publisher=APNI|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331170457/https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/instance/apni/601209|url-status=live}}</ref>

The five subspecies names recognised by the Australian Plant Census are:
* ''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''amaryssia'' <small>D.Nicolle</small><ref name=APC1>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''amaryssia''|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/196861|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809204020/https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/196861|url-status=live}}</ref> has fruit with a rounded operculum and very glossy adult leaves with a high oil content;<ref name="CANBR" />
* ''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''borealis'' <small>(C.A.Gardner) D.Nicolle</small><ref name=APC2>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''borealis''|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/177763|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809204022/https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/177763|url-status=live}}</ref> has fruit with a conical operculum and very glossy adult leaves;<ref name="CANBR" />
* ''Eucalyptus kochii'' <small>Maiden & Blakely</small> subsp. ''kochii''<ref name=APC3>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''kochii''|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/85207|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809204018/https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/85207|url-status=live}}</ref> has dull green adult leaves;<ref name="CANBR" />
* ''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''plenissima'' <small>(C.A.Gardner) [[Ian Brooker|Brooker]]</small><ref name=APC4>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''plenissima''|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/85214|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809035435/https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/85214|url-status=live}}</ref> has fruit with a rounded operculum and very glossy adult leaves but with a very low oil content;<ref name="CANBR" />
* ''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''yellowdinensis'' <small>D.Nicolle</small><ref name=APC5>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus kochii'' subsp. ''yellowdinensis''|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/196671|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809035437/https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/196671|url-status=live}}</ref> has unusually narrow, glossy green adult leaves but with a low oil content.<ref name="CANBR" />

==Distribution==
⚫
Oil mallee is found on flats, depressions, rises and along roadsides from [[Kondut, Western Australia|Kondut]] to near [[Pindar, Western Australia|Pindar]] in the [[Avon Wheatbelt]] and [[Yalgoo (biogeographic region)|Yalgoo]] [[IBRA|biogeographic regions]] of Western Australia where it grows in sandy-loamy-clay soils over [[laterite]] or [[granite]].<ref name="florabase" /><ref name="ABRS" />

==Cultivation==
⚫
This eucalypt is cultivated in plantations for the production of [[eucalyptus oil]]. The distilled oil has a very high content of [[cineole]] (83-94%).<ref>Boland, D.J., Brophy, J.J., and A.P.N. House, ''Eucalyptus Leaf Oils'', 1991, {{ISBN|0-909605-69-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kochiioil.com.au/|title=100% Australian Eucalyptus Oil|access-date=21 October 2017|publisher=Kochii Australian Eucalyptus Oil|archive-date=21 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021164326/https://kochiioil.com.au/|url-status=live}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 25: Line 42:
==External links==
==External links==
* Byrne, M., "High genetic identities between three oil mallee taxa, Eucalyptus kochii ssp. kochii, ssp. plenissima and E. horistes, based on nuclear RFLP analysis", ''Heredity'', 1999, 82, pp205–211 [http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v82/n2/full/6884740a.html]
* Byrne, M., "High genetic identities between three oil mallee taxa, Eucalyptus kochii ssp. kochii, ssp. plenissima and E. horistes, based on nuclear RFLP analysis", ''Heredity'', 1999, 82, pp205–211 [http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v82/n2/full/6884740a.html]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5227129}}


[[Category:Eucalyptus|kochii]]
[[Category:Eucalyptus|kochii]]
[[Category:Rosids of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Eucalypts of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
[[Category:Crops originating from Australia]]
[[Category:Crops originating from Australia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1929]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1929]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Joseph Maiden]]

{{Eucalyptus-stub}}
{{WesternAustralia-plant-stub}}
{{Australia-rosid-stub}}

Latest revision as of 17:21, 31 March 2023

Oil mallee
Eucalyptus kochii subsp. kochii near Dalwallinu
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. kochii
Binomial name
Eucalyptus kochii
Synonyms[1]

Eucalyptus oleosa var. kochii (Maiden & Blakely) C.A.Gardner

Eucalyptus kochii, commonly known as oil mallee,[2] is a species of mallee, sometimes a tree, and is endemic to Western Australia. It has rough, flaky or fibrous bark on the trunk, smooth grey bark above, linear to narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of nine to fifteen, white flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

flower buds of subsp. kochii
fruit of subsp. kochii

Description[edit]

Eucalyptus kochii is a mallee that typically grows to a height of 8 m (26 ft), rarely a tree to 12 m (39 ft), and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, flaky or fibrous, light grey to brown bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth grey to pink bark on the thinner branches. The adult leaves are arranged alternately, linear to narrow lance-shaped, the same shade of green on both sides, 55–115 mm (2.2–4.5 in) long and 5–13 mm (0.20–0.51 in) wide tapering to a petiole 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils, usually in groups of seven, nine or eleven on an unbranched peduncle 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long. Mature buds are cylindrical to spindle-shaped, the floral cup 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and about 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide with a conical to horn-shaped operculum of similar dimensions. Flowering occurs between October and February and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, oval to urn-shaped capsule 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) long and 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide with the valves protruding above rim level.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy[edit]

The species was formally described in 1929 by the botanists Joseph Maiden and William Blakely in Maiden's book, A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus.[5] The specific epithet (kochii) honours Max Koch for his "very keen interest in the flora of South and Western Australia".[6]

In 1950, Charles Gardner changed the name to E. oleosa var. kochii in the Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, but the change has not been accepted by the Australian Plant Census.[7][8] In the same journal, Gardner described E. oleosa var. borealis, the name of which has subsequently been changed to E. kochii subsp. borealis by Dean Nicolle,[9] and E. oleosa var. plenissima, changed to E. kochii subsp. plenissima by Ian Brooker.[10] In 2005, Dean Nicolle also described E. kochii subsp. amaryssia and subsp. yellowdinensis, publishing the names in the journal, Australian Systematic Botany.[11][12]

The five subspecies names recognised by the Australian Plant Census are:

  • Eucalyptus kochii subsp. amaryssia D.Nicolle[13] has fruit with a rounded operculum and very glossy adult leaves with a high oil content;[4]
  • Eucalyptus kochii subsp. borealis (C.A.Gardner) D.Nicolle[14] has fruit with a conical operculum and very glossy adult leaves;[4]
  • Eucalyptus kochii Maiden & Blakely subsp. kochii[15] has dull green adult leaves;[4]
  • Eucalyptus kochii subsp. plenissima (C.A.Gardner) Brooker[16] has fruit with a rounded operculum and very glossy adult leaves but with a very low oil content;[4]
  • Eucalyptus kochii subsp. yellowdinensis D.Nicolle[17] has unusually narrow, glossy green adult leaves but with a low oil content.[4]

Distribution[edit]

Oil mallee is found on flats, depressions, rises and along roadsides from Kondut to near Pindar in the Avon Wheatbelt and Yalgoo biogeographic regions of Western Australia where it grows in sandy-loamy-clay soils over laterite or granite.[2][3]

Cultivation[edit]

This eucalypt is cultivated in plantations for the production of eucalyptus oil. The distilled oil has a very high content of cineole (83-94%).[18][19]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Eucalyptus kochii". Australian Plant Census. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "Eucalyptus kochii Maiden & Blakely". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. ^ a b Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus kochii". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Eucalyptus kochii subsp. kochii". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  5. ^ "Eucalyptus kochii". APNI. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  6. ^ Maiden, Joseph (1929). A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus (Volume 8). Sydney: New South Wales Government Printer. p. 41. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  7. ^ "Eucalyptus oleosa var. kochii". APNI. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  8. ^ Gardner, Charles A. (1950). "The Western Australian Varieties of Eucalyptus oleosa F.Muell. ex Miq. and their essential oils". Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia. 34: 78–79. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  9. ^ "Eucalyptus kochii subsp. borealis". APNI. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  10. ^ "Eucalyptus kochii subsp. plenissima". APNI. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  11. ^ "Eucalyptus kochii subsp. amaryssia". APNI. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  12. ^ "Eucalyptus kochii subsp. yellowdinensis". APNI. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  13. ^ "Eucalyptus kochii subsp. amaryssia". Australian Plant Census. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  14. ^ "Eucalyptus kochii subsp. borealis". Australian Plant Census. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  15. ^ "Eucalyptus kochii subsp. kochii". Australian Plant Census. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  16. ^ "Eucalyptus kochii subsp. plenissima". Australian Plant Census. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  17. ^ "Eucalyptus kochii subsp. yellowdinensis". Australian Plant Census. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  18. ^ Boland, D.J., Brophy, J.J., and A.P.N. House, Eucalyptus Leaf Oils, 1991, ISBN 0-909605-69-6
  19. ^ "100% Australian Eucalyptus Oil". Kochii Australian Eucalyptus Oil. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.

External links[edit]

  • Byrne, M., "High genetic identities between three oil mallee taxa, Eucalyptus kochii ssp. kochii, ssp. plenissima and E. horistes, based on nuclear RFLP analysis", Heredity, 1999, 82, pp205–211 [1]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eucalyptus_kochii&oldid=1147546312"