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{{Short description|Species of soil centipede}}
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'''''Geophilus electricus''''' is a [[species]] of [[Geophilomorpha|soil centipede]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Geophilidae]]. Originally discovered and named ''Scolopendra electrica'' in 1758, it was later moved to its own genus, [[Geophilus]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Linnaeus |first1=Carl |title=Caroli Linnaei...Systema naturae per regna tria naturae :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. |journal=Systema Naturae |date=1758 |volume=1 |issue=10 |page=638 |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.542 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727551 |access-date=16 December 2021}}</ref> As the first species described in this genus, it is considered by some to be the [[type species]] (along with ''[[Geophilus carpophagus]]'').<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crabill |first1=Ralph E. |title=A conspectus of the northeastern North American species of Geophilus (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha Geophilidae) |journal=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |date=1954 |volume=56 |pages=172-188 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16179236}}</ref> It is found in gardens and churchyards across temperate Europe, especially Britain and Ireland. It is yellowish-orange in color and can grow up to 40 millimeters, with between 65-73 leg pairs (more than other similar ''Geophilus'' species), a distinct carpophagus fossae on the anterior sternites, and a distinctive arrangement of the coxal pores of the last leg pair.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geophilus electricus (Linné, 1758) |url=https://www.bmig.org.uk/species/geophilus-electricus#tabs-0-tabs-1 |website=British Myriapod and Isopod Group |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> Like many [[geophilomorpha|geophilomorphans]], ''G. electricus'' has been known to glow in the dark, most likely as a defensive maneuver.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rosenberg |first1=Jörg |last2=Meyer-Rochow |first2=Victor B. |title=BIOLUMINESCENCE IN FOCUS - a collection of illuminating essays |date=2009 |publisher=Research Signpost |isbn=978-81-308-0357-9 |pages=139-146 |edition=1st |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262686079_Luminescent_myriapoda_a_brief_review |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ridley |first1=H.N |title=THE LUMINOUS SECRETION OF THE CENTIPEDE GEOPHILUS ELECTRICUS (L.) AS A DEFENCE AGAINST THE ATTACK OF BEETLES, ETC. |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London |date=1936 |volume=11 |issue=3-5 |page=48 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3032.1936.tb00861.x |url=https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1936.tb00861.x |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref>
'''''Geophilus electricus''''' is a [[species]] of [[Geophilomorpha|soil centipede]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Geophilidae]] found across temperate Europe, especially Britain and Ireland.<ref name="bmig"/> Originally discovered and named ''Scolopendra electrica'' in 1758, it was later moved to its own genus, ''[[Geophilus]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Linnaeus |first1=Carl |title=Caroli Linnaei...Systema naturae per regna tria naturae :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. |journal=Systema Naturae |date=1758 |volume=1 |issue=10 |page=638 |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.542 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727551 |access-date=16 December 2021|hdl=10366/131929 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> As the first species described in this genus, it is considered by some to be the [[type species]] (along with ''[[Geophilus carpophagus]]'').<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crabill |first1=Ralph E. |title=A conspectus of the northeastern North American species of Geophilus (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha Geophilidae) |journal=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |date=1954 |volume=56 |pages=172–188 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16179236}}</ref> It is yellowish-orange in color and can grow up to 45 millimeters, with 55 to 75 leg pairs<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Bonato |first1=Lucio |last2=Zapparoli |first2=Marzio |last3=Drago |first3=Leandro |last4=Minelli |first4=Alessandro |date=2016 |title=An unusually elongate endogeic centipede from Sardinia (Chilopoda: Geophilidae) |journal=European Journal of Taxonomy |issue=231 |pages=1–19|doi=10.5852/EJT.2016.231 |s2cid=58911978 |doi-access=free |hdl=11577/3189380 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> (more than other similar ''Geophilus'' species), a distinct carpophagus fossae on the anterior sternites, and a distinctive arrangement of the coxal pores of the last leg pair.<ref name="bmig">{{cite web |title=Geophilus electricus (Linné, 1758) |url=https://www.bmig.org.uk/species/geophilus-electricus#tabs-0-tabs-1 |website=British Myriapod and Isopod Group |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> Like many [[geophilomorpha|geophilomorphans]], ''G. electricus'' has been known to glow in the dark, most likely as a defensive maneuver.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rosenberg |first1=Jörg |last2=Meyer-Rochow |first2=Victor B. |title=BIOLUMINESCENCE IN FOCUS - a collection of illuminating essays |date=2009 |publisher=Research Signpost |isbn=978-81-308-0357-9 |pages=139–146 |edition=1st |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262686079 |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ridley |first1=H.N |title=The Luminous Secretion of the Centipede Geophilus Electricus (L.) as a Defence Against the Attack of Beetles, Etc |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London |date=1936 |volume=11 |issue=3–5 |page=48 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3032.1936.tb00861.x |url=https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1936.tb00861.x |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The name comes from Latin 'electricus', meaning 'electric', most likely referring to its ability to glow in the dark.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}
The name comes from Latin 'electricus', meaning 'electric', most likely referring to its ability to glow in the dark.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

==Habitat==
''G. electricus'' is found at altitudes below 400ft, and is partially a soil-dwelling species, living within 10 cm below the ground or in the layer of leaf litter on top. It prefers gardens and arable land, making it mostly [[synanthrope|synanthropic]], but has no bias toward inland or coastal sites. Its preferred soil types are clay, loam, and sandy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Keay |first1=A.N |last2=Barber |first2=A.D |title=Provisional atlas of the centipedes of the British Isles |date=1988 |publisher=Biological Records Centre |location=Huntingdon |isbn=1870393082 |pages=127 |url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/7275/1/Centipedes.pdf}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Geophilomorpha]]
[[Category:Geophilus|electricus]]

{{Improve categories|date=February 2022}}

Latest revision as of 22:59, 5 January 2024

Geophilus electricus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Chilopoda
Order: Geophilomorpha
Family: Geophilidae
Genus: Geophilus
Species:
G. electricus
Binomial name
Geophilus electricus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
  • Scolopendra electrica Linnaeus, 1758

Geophilus electricus is a species of soil centipede in the family Geophilidae found across temperate Europe, especially Britain and Ireland.[1] Originally discovered and named Scolopendra electrica in 1758, it was later moved to its own genus, Geophilus.[2] As the first species described in this genus, it is considered by some to be the type species (along with Geophilus carpophagus).[3] It is yellowish-orange in color and can grow up to 45 millimeters, with 55 to 75 leg pairs[4] (more than other similar Geophilus species), a distinct carpophagus fossae on the anterior sternites, and a distinctive arrangement of the coxal pores of the last leg pair.[1] Like many geophilomorphans, G. electricus has been known to glow in the dark, most likely as a defensive maneuver.[5][6]

Etymology[edit]

The name comes from Latin 'electricus', meaning 'electric', most likely referring to its ability to glow in the dark.[citation needed]

Habitat[edit]

G. electricus is found at altitudes below 400ft, and is partially a soil-dwelling species, living within 10 cm below the ground or in the layer of leaf litter on top. It prefers gardens and arable land, making it mostly synanthropic, but has no bias toward inland or coastal sites. Its preferred soil types are clay, loam, and sandy.[7]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Geophilus electricus (Linné, 1758)". British Myriapod and Isopod Group. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  2. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). "Caroli Linnaei...Systema naturae per regna tria naturae :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis". Systema Naturae. 1 (10): 638. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542. hdl:10366/131929. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  3. ^ Crabill, Ralph E. (1954). "A conspectus of the northeastern North American species of Geophilus (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha Geophilidae)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 56: 172–188.
  4. ^ Bonato, Lucio; Zapparoli, Marzio; Drago, Leandro; Minelli, Alessandro (2016). "An unusually elongate endogeic centipede from Sardinia (Chilopoda: Geophilidae)". European Journal of Taxonomy (231): 1–19. doi:10.5852/EJT.2016.231. hdl:11577/3189380. S2CID 58911978.
  5. ^ Rosenberg, Jörg; Meyer-Rochow, Victor B. (2009). BIOLUMINESCENCE IN FOCUS - a collection of illuminating essays (1st ed.). Research Signpost. pp. 139–146. ISBN 978-81-308-0357-9. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  6. ^ Ridley, H.N (1936). "The Luminous Secretion of the Centipede Geophilus Electricus (L.) as a Defence Against the Attack of Beetles, Etc". Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 11 (3–5): 48. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1936.tb00861.x. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  7. ^ Keay, A.N; Barber, A.D (1988). Provisional atlas of the centipedes of the British Isles (PDF). Huntingdon: Biological Records Centre. p. 127. ISBN 1870393082.
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