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[[File:BnF ms. 854 fol. 124 - Montaigna Çot (1).jpg|thumb|left|Miniature of Montanhagol playing a harp from a 13th-century chansonnier]]
[[File:BnF ms. 854 fol. 124 - Montaigna Çot (1).jpg|thumb|left|Miniature of Montanhagol playing a harp from a 13th-century chansonnier]]
'''Guilhem''' ('''de''') '''Montanhagol'''<ref>Other spellings include ''Guillem'' and ''Guilhèm'' ([[Frédéric Mistral|Mistralian]] norm), and for his surname ''Montaignagol'' or the corrupted ''Montaigacot''.</ref> ([[floruit|fl.]] 1233&ndash;1268) was a [[Provence|Provençal]] [[troubadour]], most likely active in [[Toulouse]], but known in the courts of [[Provence]], [[County of Toulouse|Toulouse]], [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], and [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]].<ref name=gk>Gaunt and Kay, appendix.</ref><ref name=paden>Paden, "Guilhem de Montanhagol".</ref> Guilhem left behind seven ''[[Canso (song)|cansos]]'' and six ''[[sirventes]]''.<ref name=paden/> He also left behind one ''[[tenso]]'' (specifically, a ''[[partimen]]'') with [[Sordello]] (perhaps suggesting a brief sojourn in [[Lombardy]]) and his total surviving output comes to fourteen pieces.<ref name=gk/><ref name=paden/>
'''Guilhem de Montanhagol'''<ref>Other spellings include ''Guillem'' and ''Guilhèm'' ([[Frédéric Mistral|Mistralian]] norm), and for his surname ''Montaignagol'' or the corrupted ''Montaigacot''.</ref> ([[floruit|fl.]] 1233&ndash;1268) was a [[Provence|Provençal]] [[troubadour]], most likely active in [[Toulouse]], but known in the courts of [[Provence]], [[County of Toulouse|Toulouse]], [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], and [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]].<ref name=gk>Gaunt and Kay, appendix.</ref><ref name=paden>Paden, "Guilhem de Montanhagol".</ref> Guilhem left behind seven ''[[Canso (song)|cansos]]'' and six ''[[sirventes]]''.<ref name=paden/> He also left behind one ''[[tenso]]'' (specifically, a ''[[partimen]]'') with [[Sordello]] (perhaps suggesting a brief sojourn in [[Lombardy]]) and his total surviving output comes to fourteen pieces.<ref name=gk/><ref name=paden/>


The meaning of Guilhem's name has been debated. "Montanhagol" means "from [[Montanhac]]", but it is not known which Montanhac that could be.<ref name=egan>Egan, 57.</ref> For a long time it was thought that the correct form of the troubadour's name was simply "Guilhem Montanhagol", since the "de" (of) would be redundant.<ref name=riquer>Riquer.</ref> Contemporary documents, however, clearly use "de".<ref name=riquer/>
The meaning of Guilhem's name has been debated. "Montanhagol" means "from Montanhac", but it is not known which of the several places named [[Montagnac (disambiguation)|Montanhac]]<!--intentional link to DAB page--> that could be.<ref name=egan>Egan, 57.</ref> For a long time it was thought that the correct form of the troubadour's name was simply "Guilhem Montanhagol", since the "de" (of) would be redundant.<ref name=riquer>Riquer.</ref> Contemporary documents, however, clearly use "de".<ref name=riquer/>


He was of humble birth.<ref name=gk/> According to his ''[[Vida (Occitan literary form)|vida]]'' he was from Provence, though some modern scholars suspect he was a Toulousain.<ref name=gk/><ref name=egan/> His ''vida'' records that he was "a good inventor (''trobaire'') of poetry, and a great lover."<ref name=egan/> His lover was a lady named Jauseranda from [[Lunel]], the lord of which castle, Raymond Gaucelm V, Guilhem probably knew.<ref name=egan/>
He was of humble birth.<ref name=gk/> According to his ''[[Vida (Occitan literary form)|vida]]'' he was from Provence, though some modern scholars suspect he was a Toulousain.<ref name=gk/><ref name=egan/> His ''vida'' records that he was "a good inventor (''trobaire'') of poetry, and a great lover."<ref name=egan/> His lover was a lady named Jauseranda from [[Lunel, Hérault|Lunel]], the lord of which castle, Raymond Gaucelm V, Guilhem probably knew.<ref name=egan/>


His ''cansos'' are awkward, and he emulated the earlier troubadours, praising ''mezura'' (moderation) among all the virtues.<ref name=gk/> He stated that "from love proceeds chastity" (''d'amor mou castitatz''), which may mean no more than that love is necessary for fidelity.<ref name=paden/><ref name=topsfield127>Topsfield, 127.</ref> He has been viewed, most ardently by [[Cesare de Lollis]], as a precursor of the ''[[Dolce Stil Novo]]'' and as an important link between [[Occitan literature|Occitan]] and [[Italian literature]] through his work with Sordello.<ref name=topsfield127/><ref>Boase, 33, credits Montanhagol with inventing the term ''dolce stil novo''.</ref> He has been credited with an innovative picture of [[courtly love]] blended with Christian morality,<ref name=topsfield127/> and indeed he refers to ''noel dig de maestria'' ("a new saying of mastery"), though this is probably not an indication of any conscious reformation.<ref>Spiers, "''Vita Nuova'' and ''Dolce Stil Nuovo''", 39.</ref>
His ''cansos'' are awkward, and he emulated the earlier troubadours, praising ''mezura'' (moderation) among all the virtues.<ref name=gk/> He stated that "from love proceeds chastity" (''d'amor mou castitatz''), which may mean no more than that love is necessary for fidelity.<ref name=paden/><ref name=topsfield127>Topsfield, 127.</ref> He has been viewed, most ardently by [[Cesare de Lollis]], as a precursor of the ''[[Dolce Stil Novo]]'' and as an important link between [[Occitan literature|Occitan]] and [[Italian literature]] through his work with Sordello.<ref name=topsfield127/><ref>Boase, 33, credits Montanhagol with inventing the term ''dolce stil novo''.</ref> He has been credited with an innovative picture of [[courtly love]] blended with Christian morality,<ref name=topsfield127/> and indeed he refers to ''noel dig de maestria'' ("a new saying of mastery"), though this is probably not an indication of any conscious reformation.<ref>Spiers, "''Vita Nuova'' and ''Dolce Stil Nuovo''", 39.</ref>
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==Works==
==Works==
*''A Lunel lutz una luna luzens
*''A Lunel lutz una luna luzens''
*''Ar ab lo coinde pascor
*''Ar ab lo coinde pascor''
*''Del tot vey remaner valor
*''Del tot vey remaner valor''
*''Bel m'es quan d'armatz aug refrim
*''Bel m'es quan d'armatz aug refrim''
*''Ges, per malvastat qu'er veya
*''Ges, per malvastat qu'er veya''
*''Leu chansoneta m'er a far
*''Leu chansoneta m'er a far''
*''No sap per que va son joy pus tarzan
*''No sap per que va son joy pus tarzan''
*''Non an tan dig li primier trobador
*''Non an tan dig li primier trobador''
*''Non estarai, per ome qe-m casti
*''Non estarai, per ome qe-m casti''
*''Nulhs hom no val ni deu esser prezatz
*''Nulhs hom no val ni deu esser prezatz''
*''On mais a hom de valensa
*''On mais a hom de valensa''
*''Per lo mon fan li un dels autres rancura
*''Per lo mon fan li un dels autres rancura ''
*''Qui vol esser agradans e plazens
*''Qui vol esser agradans e plazens''
*''Senh'En Sordel, mandamen
*''Senh'En Sordel, mandamen''


==References==
==References==
Line 34: Line 34:
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
*Boase, Roger. ''The Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love: A Critical Study of European Scholarship''. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1977. <small>ISBN 0-87471-950-X.</small>
*Boase, Roger. ''The Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love: A Critical Study of European Scholarship''. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1977. <small>{{ISBN|0-87471-950-X}}.</small>
*Egan, Margarita, ed. ''The Vidas of the Troubadours''. New York: Garland, 1984. ISBN 0-8240-9437-9.
*Egan, Margarita, ed. ''The Vidas of the Troubadours''. New York: Garland, 1984. <small>{{ISBN|0-8240-9437-9}}.</small>
*Gaunt, Simon, and Kay, Sarah. "Appendix I: Major Troubadours" (pp.&nbsp;279&ndash;291). ''The Troubadours: An Introduction''. Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-521-57473-0.
*Gaunt, Simon, and Kay, Sarah. "Appendix I: Major Troubadours" (pp.&nbsp;279&ndash;291). ''The Troubadours: An Introduction''. Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. <small>{{ISBN|0-521-57473-0}}.</small>
*Paden, William D. "Guilhem de Montanhagol" (p.&nbsp;425). ''Medieval France: An Encyclopedia'', ed. William W. Kibler. New Jersey: Routledge University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-8240-4444-4.
*Paden, William D. "Guilhem de Montanhagol" (p.&nbsp;425). ''Medieval France: An Encyclopedia'', ed. William W. Kibler. New Jersey: Routledge University Press, 1995. <small>{{ISBN|0-8240-4444-4}}.</small>
*Ricketts, Peter T. ''Les poésies de Guilhem de Montanhagol: troubadour provençal du XIII<sup>e</sup> siècle''. Pontifical Institute for Medieval Studies, 2000.
*[[Riquer, Martín de]]. ''Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos''. 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.
*[[Riquer, Martín de]]. ''Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos''. 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.
*Spiers, A. G. H. "''Vita Nuova'' and ''Dolce Stil Nuovo''." ''Modern Language Notes'', '''25''':2 (Feb., 1910), pp.&nbsp;37&ndash;39.
*Spiers, A. G. H. "''Vita Nuova'' and ''Dolce Stil Nuovo''." ''Modern Language Notes'', '''25''':2 (Feb., 1910), pp.&nbsp;37&ndash;39.
Line 45: Line 46:


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.trobar.org/troubadours/guilhem_de_montanhagol/ Complete works] at Trobar.org
*[http://trobar.org/troubadours/guilhem_de_montanhagol/ Complete works] at Trobar.org


{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Montanhagol, Guilhem De}}

[[Category:Medieval poets]]
[[Category:Occitan poets]]
[[Category:13th-century French troubadours]]
[[Category:Troubadours]]
[[Category:People from Provence]]
[[Category:13th-century French people]]

Latest revision as of 17:47, 10 June 2023

Miniature of Montanhagol playing a harp from a 13th-century chansonnier

Guilhem de Montanhagol[1] (fl. 1233–1268) was a Provençal troubadour, most likely active in Toulouse, but known in the courts of Provence, Toulouse, Castile, and Aragon.[2][3] Guilhem left behind seven cansos and six sirventes.[3] He also left behind one tenso (specifically, a partimen) with Sordello (perhaps suggesting a brief sojourn in Lombardy) and his total surviving output comes to fourteen pieces.[2][3]

The meaning of Guilhem's name has been debated. "Montanhagol" means "from Montanhac", but it is not known which of the several places named Montanhac that could be.[4] For a long time it was thought that the correct form of the troubadour's name was simply "Guilhem Montanhagol", since the "de" (of) would be redundant.[5] Contemporary documents, however, clearly use "de".[5]

He was of humble birth.[2] According to his vida he was from Provence, though some modern scholars suspect he was a Toulousain.[2][4] His vida records that he was "a good inventor (trobaire) of poetry, and a great lover."[4] His lover was a lady named Jauseranda from Lunel, the lord of which castle, Raymond Gaucelm V, Guilhem probably knew.[4]

His cansos are awkward, and he emulated the earlier troubadours, praising mezura (moderation) among all the virtues.[2] He stated that "from love proceeds chastity" (d'amor mou castitatz), which may mean no more than that love is necessary for fidelity.[3][6] He has been viewed, most ardently by Cesare de Lollis, as a precursor of the Dolce Stil Novo and as an important link between Occitan and Italian literature through his work with Sordello.[6][7] He has been credited with an innovative picture of courtly love blended with Christian morality,[6] and indeed he refers to noel dig de maestria ("a new saying of mastery"), though this is probably not an indication of any conscious reformation.[8]

Guilhem's political sirventes concern Toulousain and Spanish politics.[2] Writing in the aftermath of the Albigensian Crusade which devastated Languedoc, Guilhem was an opponent of the Papal Inquisition, though not of the Church itself.[2] He encouraged the gentle correction of the Cathars, but not their violent suppression by means of war.[3]

Guilhem was grieved in a planh written by his brother-in-law Pons Santolh.[3]


Works[edit]

  • A Lunel lutz una luna luzens
  • Ar ab lo coinde pascor
  • Del tot vey remaner valor
  • Bel m'es quan d'armatz aug refrim
  • Ges, per malvastat qu'er veya
  • Leu chansoneta m'er a far
  • No sap per que va son joy pus tarzan
  • Non an tan dig li primier trobador
  • Non estarai, per ome qe-m casti
  • Nulhs hom no val ni deu esser prezatz
  • On mais a hom de valensa
  • Per lo mon fan li un dels autres rancura
  • Qui vol esser agradans e plazens
  • Senh'En Sordel, mandamen

References[edit]

  1. ^ Other spellings include Guillem and Guilhèm (Mistralian norm), and for his surname Montaignagol or the corrupted Montaigacot.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Gaunt and Kay, appendix.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Paden, "Guilhem de Montanhagol".
  4. ^ a b c d Egan, 57.
  5. ^ a b Riquer.
  6. ^ a b c Topsfield, 127.
  7. ^ Boase, 33, credits Montanhagol with inventing the term dolce stil novo.
  8. ^ Spiers, "Vita Nuova and Dolce Stil Nuovo", 39.

Further reading[edit]

  • Boase, Roger. The Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love: A Critical Study of European Scholarship. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1977. ISBN 0-87471-950-X.
  • Egan, Margarita, ed. The Vidas of the Troubadours. New York: Garland, 1984. ISBN 0-8240-9437-9.
  • Gaunt, Simon, and Kay, Sarah. "Appendix I: Major Troubadours" (pp. 279–291). The Troubadours: An Introduction. Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-521-57473-0.
  • Paden, William D. "Guilhem de Montanhagol" (p. 425). Medieval France: An Encyclopedia, ed. William W. Kibler. New Jersey: Routledge University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-8240-4444-4.
  • Ricketts, Peter T. Les poésies de Guilhem de Montanhagol: troubadour provençal du XIIIe siècle. Pontifical Institute for Medieval Studies, 2000.
  • Riquer, Martín de. Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos. 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.
  • Spiers, A. G. H. "Vita Nuova and Dolce Stil Nuovo." Modern Language Notes, 25:2 (Feb., 1910), pp. 37–39.
  • Spiers, A. G. H. "Dolce Stil Nuovo—The Case of the Opposition." Periodical of the Modern Language Association, 25:4 (1910), pp. 657–675.
  • Topsfield, L. T. "The Theme of Courtly Love in the Poems of Guilhem de Montanhagol." French Studies, 11 (1957), 127–34.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guilhem_de_Montanhagol&oldid=1159494622"