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{{Short description|Species of sunflower}}
{{taxobox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Eggert's Sunflower.jpg
|image = Eggert's Sunflower.jpg
|image_caption =
|image_caption =
|status = G3
|status = G3
|status_system = TNC
|status_system = TNC
|status_ref =<ref name=natureserve>[http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Helianthus+eggertii ''Helianthus eggertii''] [[NatureServe]]</ref>
|status_ref = <ref name=natureserve>[http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Helianthus+eggertii ''Helianthus eggertii''] [[NatureServe]]</ref>
⚫
|genus = Helianthus
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
⚫
|species = eggertii
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
⚫
|authority = [[John Kunkel Small|Small]]<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN|name=''Helianthus eggertii'' Small|id=104295|accessdate=31 March 2015}}</ref>
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|ordo = [[Asterales]]
|familia = [[Asteraceae]]
⚫
|genus = ''[[Helianthus]]''
⚫
|species = '''''H. eggertii'''''
|binomial = ''Helianthus eggertii''
⚫
|binomial_authority = [[John Kunkel Small|Small]]<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN|name=''Helianthus eggertii'' Small|id=104295|accessdate=31 March 2015}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Helianthus eggertii''''', known as '''Eggert's sunflower''', is a North American species of flowering plants in the [[Asteraceae|sunflower family]]. It is native to [[Tennessee]], [[Kentucky]], [[South Carolina]], and [[Alabama]]. It is best known as one of the few plants to have been delisted under the [[Endangered Species Act]] because of the species' recovery.<ref name="FWS">{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/reports/delisting-report |title=Delisting report |author=[[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] |accessdate=6 April 2015}}</ref> It was described by [[John Kunkel Small]] in 1903.
'''''Helianthus eggertii''''', known as '''Eggert's sunflower''', is a North American species of flowering plants in the family [[Asteraceae]]. It is native to [[Tennessee]], [[Kentucky]], [[South Carolina]], and [[Alabama]]. It is best known as one of the few plants to have been delisted under the [[Endangered Species Act]] because of the species' recovery.<ref name="FWS">{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/reports/delisting-report |title=Delisting report |author=United States Fish and Wildlife Service |author-link=United States Fish and Wildlife Service |accessdate=6 April 2015}}</ref> It was described by [[John Kunkel Small]] in 1903.


==Description==
==Description==
''Helianthus eggertii'' may grow to over {{convert|2|m|abbr=on}} tall, with erect, hairless stems. The leaves are borne on the stem, mostly in opposite pairs. These leaves are [[lanceolate]] to [[ovate]], {{convert|70|-|165|mm|abbr=on}} long by {{convert|15|-|35|mm|abbr=on}} wide, narrowing towards the base. Each stem carries 1–5 [[flower head]]s, each on a [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] {{convert|1|-|4|cm|abbr=on}} long. Each flower head is {{convert|10|-|25|mm|abbr=on}} in diameter, with 30–38 lanceolate [[phyllary|phyllaries]] around the base. The flower head is hemispherical, and contains 10–18 yellow [[ray floret]]s surrounding over 70 [[disc floret]]s.<ref name="FNA"/>
''Helianthus eggertii'' may grow to over {{convert|2|m|abbr=on}} tall, with erect, hairless stems. The leaves are borne on the stem, mostly in opposite pairs. These leaves are [[lanceolate]] to [[ovate (leaf)|ovate]], {{convert|70|-|165|mm|abbr=on}} long by {{convert|15|-|35|mm|abbr=on}} wide, narrowing towards the base. Each stem carries 1–5 [[flower head]]s, each on a [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] {{convert|1|-|4|cm|abbr=on}} long. Each flower head is {{convert|10|-|25|mm|abbr=on}} in diameter, with 30–38 lanceolate [[phyllary|phyllaries]] around the base. The flower head is hemispherical, and contains 10–18 yellow [[ray floret]]s surrounding over 70 [[disc floret]]s.<ref name="FNA"/>


''Helianthus eggertii'' is very similar to the related species ''[[Helianthus strumosus|H.&nbsp;strumosus]]'' and ''[[Helianthus laevigatus|H.&nbsp;laevigatus]]''. It differs from those species in that its stems are distinctively blue-colored, and its leaves have only one vein, rather than three veins, as is typical for the genus.<ref name="FNA">{{cite book |author=Edward E. Schilling |year=2006 |chapter=''Helianthus eggertii'' Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1267, 1340. 1903 |series=[[Flora of North America]] |volume=21 |title=Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, Part 8: Asteraceae, Part 3 |page=159 |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066879 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-530565-4}}</ref>
''Helianthus eggertii'' is very similar to the related species ''[[Helianthus strumosus|H.&nbsp;strumosus]]'' and ''[[Helianthus laevigatus|H.&nbsp;laevigatus]]''. It differs from those species in that its stems are distinctively blue-colored, and its leaves have only one vein, rather than three veins, as is typical for the genus.<ref name="FNA">{{cite book |author=Edward E. Schilling |year=2006 |chapter=''Helianthus eggertii'' Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1267, 1340. 1903 |series=[[Flora of North America]] |volume=21 |title=Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, Part 8: Asteraceae, Part 3 |page=159 |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066879 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-530565-4}}</ref>
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==Conservation==
==Conservation==
''Helianthus eggertii'' was originally listed as an [[endangered species]] by the US federal government in 1997 under the [[Endangered Species Act]]. A number of conservation measures were therefore instituted to protect the species. The mowing of roadside verges that contain ''H.&nbsp;eggertii'' is delayed until after November 15 each year to allow the plant to set seed before it is mown. Utility companies manage the woody brush under their power lines by mechanical pruning, rather than using [[herbicide]]s, and this is also carried out late in the season.<ref name="Gulya">{{cite journal|author1=T. J. Gulya |author2=G. J. Seiler |author3=G. Kong |author4=L. F. Marek |year=2007 |title=Exploration and collection of rare ''Helianthus'' species from Southeastern United States |journal=[[Helia (journal)|Helia]] |volume=30 |issue=46 |pages=13–24 |doi=10.2298/HEL0746013G |url=http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1018-1806/2007/1018-18060746013G.pdf |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411170657/http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1018-1806/2007/1018-18060746013G.pdf |archivedate=2015-04-11 |df= }}</ref> In 2005, ''H&nbsp;eggertii'' was delisted after research showed that although there were few populations of ''H.&nbsp;eggertii'', they were increasing in size.<ref name="Conserving">{{cite book |chapter=Eggert's sunflower: an Endangered Species Act success story |title=Conserving Biodiversity on Military Lands: a Guide for Natural Resource Managers |url=http://www.dodbiodiversity.org/ch6/index_9.html |author1=John Lamb |author2=Kevin Willis |author3=George R. Wyckoff |editor1=Nancy Benton|editor2=J.D. Ripley |editor3=F. Powledge |year=2008 |publisher=Nature Conservancy |isbn=9780971105386}}</ref> {{As of|April 2015}}, ''H.&nbsp;eggertii'' is one of only four plant species to have been delisted under the Endangered Species Act as a result of the species' recovery; the others are ''[[Potentilla robbinsiana]]'' (Robbins' cinquefoil), ''[[Erigeron maguirei]]'' (Maguire daisy), and ''[[Echinacea tennesseensis]]'' (Tennessee purple coneflower).<ref name="FWS"/>
''Helianthus eggertii'' was originally listed as an [[endangered species]] by the US federal government in 1997 under the [[Endangered Species Act]]. A number of conservation measures were therefore instituted to protect the species. The mowing of roadside verges that contain ''H.&nbsp;eggertii'' is delayed until after November 15 each year to allow the plant to set seed before it is mown. Utility companies manage the woody brush under their power lines by mechanical pruning, rather than using [[herbicide]]s, and this is also carried out late in the season.<ref name="Gulya">{{cite journal|author1=T. J. Gulya |author2=G. J. Seiler |author3=G. Kong |author4=L. F. Marek |year=2007 |title=Exploration and collection of rare ''Helianthus'' species from Southeastern United States |journal=[[Helia (journal)|Helia]] |volume=30 |issue=46 |pages=13–24 |doi=10.2298/HEL0746013G |url=http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1018-1806/2007/1018-18060746013G.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411170657/http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1018-1806/2007/1018-18060746013G.pdf |archivedate=2015-04-11 }}</ref> In 2005, ''H&nbsp;eggertii'' was delisted after research showed that although there were few populations of ''H.&nbsp;eggertii'', they were increasing in size.<ref name="Conserving">{{cite book |chapter=Eggert's sunflower: an Endangered Species Act success story |title=Conserving Biodiversity on Military Lands: a Guide for Natural Resource Managers |url=http://www.dodbiodiversity.org/ch6/index_9.html |author1=John Lamb |author2=Kevin Willis |author3=George R. Wyckoff |editor1=Nancy Benton|editor2=J.D. Ripley |editor3=F. Powledge |year=2008 |publisher=Nature Conservancy |isbn=9780971105386}}</ref> {{As of|April 2015}}, ''H.&nbsp;eggertii'' is one of only four plant species to have been delisted under the Endangered Species Act as a result of the species' recovery; the others are ''[[Potentilla robbinsiana]]'' (Robbins' cinquefoil), ''[[Erigeron maguirei]]'' (Maguire daisy), and ''[[Echinacea tennesseensis]]'' (Tennessee purple coneflower).<ref name="FWS"/>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
''Helianthus eggertii'' was [[species description|first described]] by [[John Kunkel Small]] in 1903 in his ''Flora of the Southeastern United States''.<ref name="GRIN" /> The [[type locality (biology)|type locality]] was given as "On rocky hills, Dickson County, Tennessee",<ref>{{cite book |author=[[John Kunkel Small]] |year=1903 |title=Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one hundredth meridian |publisher=Self-published |location=New York |page=1267 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2141946#page/1283/mode/1up}}</ref> and the [[specific name (botany)|specific epithet]] commemorated [[Henry Eggert]], who had collected the plant in 1897.<ref name="Jones">{{cite journal |author=Ronald L. Jones |year=1994 |title=The status of ''Helianthus eggertii'' Small in the Southeastern United States |journal=[[Castanea (journal)|Castanea]] |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=319–330 |jstor=4033784}}</ref>
''Helianthus eggertii'' was [[species description|first described]] by [[John Kunkel Small]] in 1903 in his ''Flora of the Southeastern United States''.<ref name="GRIN" /> The [[type locality (biology)|type locality]] was given as "On rocky hills, Dickson County, Tennessee",<ref>{{cite book |author=John Kunkel Small |author-link=John Kunkel Small |year=1903 |title=Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one hundredth meridian |publisher=Self-published |location=New York |page=1267 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2141946#page/1283/mode/1up}}</ref> and the [[specific name (botany)|specific epithet]] commemorated [[Henry Eggert]], who had collected the plant in 1897.<ref name="Jones">{{cite journal |author=Ronald L. Jones |year=1994 |title=The status of ''Helianthus eggertii'' Small in the Southeastern United States |journal=[[Castanea (journal)|Castanea]] |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=319–330 |jstor=4033784}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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*[http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=HEEG United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile for ''Helianthus eggertii''], including detailed distribution map
*[http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=HEEG United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile for ''Helianthus eggertii''], including detailed distribution map
*[http://www.tropicos.org/ImageFullView.aspx?imageid=45471 Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Tennessee in 1897, isotype of ''Helianthus eggertii'']
*[http://www.tropicos.org/ImageFullView.aspx?imageid=45471 Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Tennessee in 1897, isotype of ''Helianthus eggertii'']

{{Taxonbar|from=Q19848865}}


[[Category:Helianthus|eggertii]]
[[Category:Helianthus|eggertii]]
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[[Category:Flora of South Carolina]]
[[Category:Flora of South Carolina]]
[[Category:Flora of Tennessee]]
[[Category:Flora of Tennessee]]
[[Category:Vulnerable flora of the United States]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1903]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1903]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Kunkel Small]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Kunkel Small]]

Latest revision as of 01:49, 30 May 2022

Helianthus eggertii

Vulnerable  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Helianthus
Species:
H. eggertii
Binomial name
Helianthus eggertii

Helianthus eggertii, known as Eggert's sunflower, is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Tennessee, Kentucky, South Carolina, and Alabama. It is best known as one of the few plants to have been delisted under the Endangered Species Act because of the species' recovery.[3] It was described by John Kunkel Small in 1903.

Description[edit]

Helianthus eggertii may grow to over 2 m (6 ft 7 in) tall, with erect, hairless stems. The leaves are borne on the stem, mostly in opposite pairs. These leaves are lanceolate to ovate, 70–165 mm (2.8–6.5 in) long by 15–35 mm (0.59–1.38 in) wide, narrowing towards the base. Each stem carries 1–5 flower heads, each on a peduncle 1–4 cm (0.39–1.57 in) long. Each flower head is 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in) in diameter, with 30–38 lanceolate phyllaries around the base. The flower head is hemispherical, and contains 10–18 yellow ray florets surrounding over 70 disc florets.[4]

Helianthus eggertii is very similar to the related species H. strumosus and H. laevigatus. It differs from those species in that its stems are distinctively blue-colored, and its leaves have only one vein, rather than three veins, as is typical for the genus.[4]

Distribution and ecology[edit]

Helianthus eggertii is only found in the Interior Low Plateaus area of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alabama,[5] where it lives in barren forest openings.[6]

Conservation[edit]

Helianthus eggertii was originally listed as an endangered species by the US federal government in 1997 under the Endangered Species Act. A number of conservation measures were therefore instituted to protect the species. The mowing of roadside verges that contain H. eggertii is delayed until after November 15 each year to allow the plant to set seed before it is mown. Utility companies manage the woody brush under their power lines by mechanical pruning, rather than using herbicides, and this is also carried out late in the season.[5] In 2005, H eggertii was delisted after research showed that although there were few populations of H. eggertii, they were increasing in size.[7] As of April 2015, H. eggertii is one of only four plant species to have been delisted under the Endangered Species Act as a result of the species' recovery; the others are Potentilla robbinsiana (Robbins' cinquefoil), Erigeron maguirei (Maguire daisy), and Echinacea tennesseensis (Tennessee purple coneflower).[3]

Taxonomy[edit]

Helianthus eggertii was first described by John Kunkel Small in 1903 in his Flora of the Southeastern United States.[2] The type locality was given as "On rocky hills, Dickson County, Tennessee",[8] and the specific epithet commemorated Henry Eggert, who had collected the plant in 1897.[6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Helianthus eggertii NatureServe
  2. ^ a b "Helianthus eggertii Small". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  3. ^ a b United States Fish and Wildlife Service. "Delisting report". Retrieved 6 April 2015.
  4. ^ a b Edward E. Schilling (2006). "Helianthus eggertii Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1267, 1340. 1903". Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, Part 8: Asteraceae, Part 3. Flora of North America. Vol. 21. Oxford University Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-19-530565-4.
  5. ^ a b T. J. Gulya; G. J. Seiler; G. Kong; L. F. Marek (2007). "Exploration and collection of rare Helianthus species from Southeastern United States" (PDF). Helia. 30 (46): 13–24. doi:10.2298/HEL0746013G. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-11.
  6. ^ a b Ronald L. Jones (1994). "The status of Helianthus eggertii Small in the Southeastern United States". Castanea. 59 (4): 319–330. JSTOR 4033784.
  7. ^ John Lamb; Kevin Willis; George R. Wyckoff (2008). "Eggert's sunflower: an Endangered Species Act success story". In Nancy Benton; J.D. Ripley; F. Powledge (eds.). Conserving Biodiversity on Military Lands: a Guide for Natural Resource Managers. Nature Conservancy. ISBN 9780971105386.
  8. ^ John Kunkel Small (1903). Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahoma and Texas east of the one hundredth meridian. New York: Self-published. p. 1267.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helianthus_eggertii&oldid=1090542770"