British Rail Class 156 and Clan Kincaid: Difference between pages

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'''Clan Kincaid''' is a member of the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs as a Lowland [[Scottish clan]].
{{Infobox DMU
|name = <font color="#FFFFFF">British Rail Class 156 "Super-Sprinter"</font>
|image = 156419 at Sudbury 1.jpg
|imagesize = 300px
|background = #012545
|caption = Class 156419 at [[Sudbury railway station|Sudbury station]], newly repainted into the [[National Express East Anglia]] livery, with a service to [[Marks Tey railway station|Marks Tey]].
|Manufacturer = [[Metro-Cammell]]
|Family = [[Sprinter (train)|Sprinter]]
|Operator = [[East Midlands Trains]]<br>[[First ScotRail]]<br>[[National Express East Anglia]]<br>[[Northern Rail]]
|Formation = 2 car
|Built = 114, from 1987 - 1989
|LinesServed =
|InService = 1987 - present
|Refurbishment =
|CarLength = 23m
|CarWidth =
|CarHeight =
|Weight =
|Capacity =
|MaxSpeed = 75mph
|Gauge = [[Standard gauge|Standard gauge: 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in)]]
|Traction =
|Power = 285 [[horsepower|hp]]
|Engine = [[Cummins|Cummins NT855-R5]]
|SafetySystem = [[Automatic Warning System#British Rail AWS|AWS]], [[Train Protection & Warning System|TPWS]]
}}
The [[British Rail]] '''Class 156''' "Super-[[Sprinter (train)|Sprinter]]" is a [[diesel multiple unit]] (DMU). 114 of these units were built from 1987-89 by [[Metro-Cammell]] (now owned by [[Alstom]]) at their [[Washwood Heath]] Works in [[Birmingham]]. They were built to replace elderly [[List of British Rail classes#First Generation "Heritage" DMUs|First Generation "Heritage" DMUs]] and locomotive-hauled passenger trains.


==Description==
== History ==
These units were all built as two-car sets, numbered 156401-514. Each unit was formed of two driving motors, one of which contained a toilet. Individual carriages numbered as follows:
*52401-52514 - Driving Motor Standard Lavatory (DMSL)
*57401-57514 - Driving Motor Standard (DMS)


The Kincaid surname is of territorial origin being taken from the former lands of Kincaid in the Parish of Campsie, [[Stirlingshire]], [[Scotland]]. The lands are located just north of [[Kirkintilloch]], in the north-west angle formed by the River Kelvin and its tributary the Glazert. The topography of the area is hilly, being on the northern edges of the Scottish Lowlands. Prominent hills in the area are called the Campsie Fells. The nearest city of some size is Glasgow. <br />
The vehicles are based on the [[British Rail Mark 3|Mark 3]] bodyshell, and are powered by 6-cylinder [[Cummins]] NT855-R5 diesel engines through [[Voith]] T211r [[hydraulic]] automatic transmissions and [[Gmeinder]] final drive units.<ref>{{cite book |last= |first= |title=The Railway Data File |origyear=1999 |language=English |isbn=9781856054997}}</ref> Unlike the [[British Rail Class 150|Class 150]] units, the 156s have a single leaf sliding door at either end of each coach - this feature reflected the anticipated longer journeys with fewer stops that the Class 156 was supposed to operate. They have a top speed of 75[[mph]], although in practice speeds of around 85 - 90[[mph]] have been observed on level track, though not in regular service.


It had been thought that the placename is [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]] in origin with suggested meanings of ''ceann càidhe'', meaning "at the head of the quagmire", ''ceann cadha'', meaning "at the head of the pass," and ''ceann cath'' meaning "head of the battle." However, it is now believed that the placename is [[P Celtic]] in origin. It may have originally been Neo-Brittonic ''Pen ced''. In 1238/9, it appeared in Latin charters in 1238/9 as Kyncaith and soon thereafter took on its current form.[http://home.primus.ca/~7kincaids/name.htm]<br />
The first 100 units were all ordered by the [[Regional Railways|Provincial]] sector of [[British Rail]], and therefore carried Provincial livery. Twenty units, nos. 156401-419/422, all based at [[Tyseley]] depot, were later repainted into [[Regional Railways|''Express'' Regional Railways]] livery.


The origins of the family is obscure. Kincaids were in Scotland at the time of the [[Wars of Scottish Independence]]. In a 1646 birth brieve in the ''Register of the Great Seal of Scotland'', it is recorded that the head of the Kincaid family, in the time of King [[Edward I of England]], was made Constable of [[Edinburgh Castle]] for his valiant service in recovering of the Castle of Edinburgh from the English and his posterity carry the castle in their coat of arms in memory of this deed. The family's coat of arms can be seen today in one of the Edinburgh Castle's buildings, painted on one of the ceiling supports in the "Armory". <ref>Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum: The Register of the Great Seal of Scotland A.D. 1634-1651. Ed. John Maitland Thomson. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1897. 644-646.</ref><br />
The last fourteen units, nos. 156501-514 were ordered by [[Strathclyde Passenger Transport|Strathclyde PTE]], and carried a distinctive orange black livery. This was later replaced by an attractive carmine and cream livery, reminiscent of the 1950s livery carried by [[British Rail Mark 1|Mk.1 coaching stock]].


The earliest mention of a Kincaid is Robert of Kincade who served on an inquest held at Stirling on 2 October 1425 which found Sir John of Halden, knight, heir to the deceased Sir Bernard of Halden, knight, his father, in the 10 merk lands of Kepdowry and Ardas in the sheriffdom of Stirling and earldom of Lennox.<ref>National Archives of Scotland. Haldane of Gleneagles Papers. GD198/9.</ref> He is perhaps the Robert of Kincaide who was noted as squire to the powerful Patrick Lyon, Lord Glamis in a charter dated April 12, 1447.<ref>Glasgow City Archives. Lennox of Woodhead Papers. T-LX 1/12/1.</ref>
In the summer of 1989, in connection with celebrations marking the 150th anniversary of [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]] (NS, the Dutch Railways), British Rail was invited to send a representative example of their most modern train to be exhibited at [[Utrecht]] for two weeks in the summer. Class 156 unit number 156 502 from Glasgow was finally selected - unusual as it was in the Strathclyde Passenger Executive (SPE) livery of orange and black. On 16th June 1989, the unit was driven under its own power from the [[Railway Technical Centre]] by a Derby train crew all the way to [[Netherlands|Holland]]. In those far off days the [[Channel Tunnel]] was just a dream so the [[SNCF]] train ferry was utilised to cross from [[Dover Western Docks]] to [[Dunkirk]] from where the unit was driven through [[France]] and [[Belgium]] to the Dutch border at [[Essen]] and on to Utrecht with help from SNCF, [[SNCB]] and NS train crews. The unit was exhibited along with various items of rolling stock from across [[Europe]] for around two weeks after which it returned to the UK.


== Current operations ==
=== 15th century ===
After privatisation, the Class 156 fleet was split between several franchises, which are described below.


The family quickly obtained favourable positions about the royal family. John of Kyncade's wife, Jonet, received payments for nursing the Earl of March, the 2nd son of King [[James II of Scotland|James II]], in 1456 and 1457. This John of Kyncade was likely the John of Kyncade who was keeper of [[Linlithgow Palace]] in 1461 and the John of Kincade who was receiver of Crown fermes near Linlithgowshire from June 22, 1464 to July 3, 1466.<ref>Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum: The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland. Ed. George Burnett. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1883. VI. (A.D. 1455-1460): 232-234, 286 & 321-322; VII. (A.D. 1460-1469): 47-49, 319-321 & 402-405.</ref> Patrick Kincaid of that Ilk was a favoured squire to King [[James IV of Scotland|James IV]].<ref>Historical Manuscripts Commission. Report on Manuscripts in Various Collections, Vol. 5: The Manuscripts of Col. Mordaunt-Hay, of Duns Castle; Sir Archibald Edmonstone, of Duntreath; Sir John James Graham, of Fintry, K.C.M.G., etc. Hereford: Printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office by Anthony Brothers Limited, 1909. Series 55: 84-85.</ref><br />
===East Midlands Trains===
[[Image:EMT 156405 Lincoln.jpg|thumb|right|250px|East Midlands Trains 156405 at Lincoln in April 2008]]
[[East Midlands Trains]] has a fleet 11 units, based across the network. These units were transferred from [[Central Trains]], and are used on slower medium-distance trains. The fleet is used on a services such as [[Newark Northgate]] to [[Grimsby Town]], [[Peterborough]] to [[Doncaster]] via Lincoln Central, [[Nottingham]] to [[Skegness]], [[Leicester]] to [[Lincoln]] or [[Nottingham]] to [[Worksop]]. However, recently they have been seen working the 5 hour semi-fast journey between [[Liverpool]] and [[Norwich]].


The family estates grew in the 15th and 16th century. The Kincaids gained the estates of Craiglockhart, Coates and Warriston about [[Edinburgh]]; the lands of Inchbreck, Inchbelly and Auchenreoch near their ancestral lands; and lands about [[Falkirk]] and [[Linlithgow]].
The fleet has been re-painted by [[East Midlands Trains]] at [[Derby]] Works. All units will be refurbished internally by the end of the franchise in 2015.


=== First ScotRail===
=== 16th century ===
[[First ScotRail]] operates the largest fleet of Class 156 units. They operate on both short distance commuter routes and services of up to five and a half hours ([[Glasgow]] to [[Fort William]] and [[Mallaig]]). Their initial introduction was controversial as they replaced locomotive hauled stock (particularly [[Class 37]] hauled) on these longer routes. Various issues such as limited toilet facilities were cited as criticisms, but they proved to have much lower operating costs. They currently can be seen on many core routes including:
*[[Glasgow South Western Line|Glasgow to Stranraer / Carlisle via Kilmarnock]]
*[[West Highland Line|Glasgow to Oban and Mallaig]]
[[Image:156457 at Oban.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Class 156 no. 156457 at [[Oban railway station|Oban]] on 25 June 2005. This unit is painted in [[ScotRail]] livery, but with [[First Group]] branding.]]
*[[Shotts Line|Glasgow Central to Edinburgh Waverley]] via [[Cambuslang railway station|Cambuslang]], [[Bellshill railway station|Bellshill]] and [[Shotts railway station|Shotts]].
They are also used on Glasgow local services. These services are worked by units nos. 156500-514, which are operated by [[Strathclyde Partnership for Transport]] and are currently painted in their carmine and cream livery. These units in particular are often seen working through to [[Newcastle]] on two services per day (from [[Girvan]] and [[Stranraer]]) as these services are jointly operated by First ScotRail and Northern Rail.
*Glasgow to [[Paisley Canal]]
*Glasgow to [[Whifflet]]
*Glasgow to [[Anniesland]] via [[Maryhill]]
*Glasgow to [[East Kilbride]]


Thomas Kincaid of Coates was Constable of Edinburgh Castle from at least 1508 to March 1, 1512/1548 and was Master of Works for King James IV at least in 1511.<ref>"Protocol Book of James Young 1485-1515." Ed. Henry M. Paton and Gordon Donaldson. Edinburgh: Printed for the Society by J. Skinner & Company, Ltd., 1941-52. The Scottish Record Society. 74 (December 1940): 398-399 & Compota Thesaurariorum Regum Scotorum: Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Ed. Sir James Balfour Paul. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1901. Vol. IV (A.D. 1507-1513):445-446.</ref> He oversaw preparations made at Edinburgh Castle for the invasion of England in 1513, including the casting of some of the great cannons used in the [[Battle of Flodden Field]], and obtaining metal for the building of ''The Michael'', the largest and most powerful ship of its day.<ref>Compota Thesaurariorum Regum Scotorum: Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Ed. Sir James Balfour Paul. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1901. Vol. IV (A.D. 1507-1513): 278-279; 276-277; 278-279; 399; 445-446; & Appendix IV, 531.</ref> His son Thomas Kincaid of that Ilk, was a Deputy-Constable in Parliament on 11 December 1534, and a special sheriff of Dumbarton on 25 September 1549.<ref>"Acta Parliamentorum Jacobi V." The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland. Vol. 3 (1567-1592): 338. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum: The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland. Ed. George Powell McNeill. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1898. XVIII. (A.D. 1543-1556): Appendix, 480.</ref> Edward Kincaid was Sheriff-Depute of Edinburgh in 1521, at the time of the battle there referred to as the "Cleansing of the Causeway," and likely the Edward Kincaid who was a Sheriff of Peebles shortly thereafter.<ref>Laing, Henry. Supplemental Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Scottish Seals: royal, baronial, ecclesiastical, and municipal: embracing the period from A.D. 1150 to the eighteenth century: taken from original charters and other deeds preserved in public and private archives. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1866. 97. "Calendar of Writs preserved at Yester House 1166-1625." Ed. Charles C. H. Harvey and John MacLeod. Edinburgh: Printed for the Society by J. Skinner & Company, Ltd., 1930. Scottish Record Society. 127-129.</ref><br />
In reality, both fleets are entirely interchangeable (except only [[Radio Electronic Token Block]] (RETB) fitted units can operate the West Highland Line) and both liveries can be seen on any 156 route.


No less than seven Kincaids accompanied King [[James V of Scotland]] to France on September 1, 1536 for the King's marriage to King Francis I's daughter Madeleine de Valois. Thomas Kincaid, Edward Kincaid, David Kincaid, James Kincaid, Robert Kincaid, Thomas Kincaid, and John Kincaid were all listed as being in Lord Fleming's entourage for this great occasion.<ref>Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum: The Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland. Ed. David Hay Fleming. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House, 1921. Vol. 2 (A.D. 1529-1542): 326-327.</ref> Patrick Kincaid of Leith, was Master Brewer to King James V in the 1530s and 1540s.<ref>Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum: The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland. Ed. George Powell McNeill. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1897. XVI. (A.D. 1529-1536): 468.
Class 156s also operate out of [[Glasgow Queen Street]] to [[Stirling]], [[Dunblane]], [[Cumbernauld]] and [[Falkirk]]. These services are worked by both First ScotRail and [[SPT]] liveried Units. 156s are also often seen working out of [[Edinburgh Waverley]] to [[West Calder]], [[Newcraighall]], [[Bathgate]], [[Dunblane]], [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], [[Kirkaldy]] and [[Fife Circle]] services. Again, both liveries can be seen.
Compota Thesaurariorum Regum Scotorum: Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Ed. Sir James Balfour Paul. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1908. Vol. VIII (A.D. 1541-1546): 441.</ref> David Kincaid of Coates was Constable of Edinburgh Castle from as early as 1541.<ref>Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum: The Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland. Ed. David Hay Fleming. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House, 1921. Vol. 2 (A.D. 1529-1542): 616.</ref><br />


A number of the Kincaids adhered to the royal family and got caught up in the intrigues surrounding Queen [[Mary I of Scotland]]. John Kincaid of Warriston was a relative and intended protégé of Bishop Bothwell while Alexander Kincaid, originally a servant to Adam Bothwell, was one of the Queen's half-brother's, Robert Stewart's, closest servants.<ref>Anderson, Peter D. Robert Stewart: Earl of Orkney, Lord of Shetland 1533-1593. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd, 1982. 37-38, 137, 178-179.</ref> William Kincaid was one of the Queen's most trusted couriers and was sent to France with her letters and directions of the Queen's party.<ref>Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547-1603. Ed. William K. Boyd. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1910. Vol VI (A.D. 1581-1583): 175-177 & Calendar of the State Papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547-1603. Ed. Joseph Bain. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1900. Vol II (A.D. 1563-1569): 642-644.</ref> Edward Kincaid, maltman, was a significant supplier of William Kirkcaldy of Grange's forces in the defense of Edinburgh Castle against the forces of Regent Morton in 1573.<ref>Lynch, Michael. Edinburgh and the Reformation. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd, 1981. 337.</ref>
In September 2008 the [[Scottish Government]]'s agency [[Transport Scotland]] announced that all ''ScotRail'' trains (including from the [[Strathclyde Partnership for Transport]]) would be eventually repainted in a new, blue livery with white [[Saltire]] markings on the carriage ends. This will be applied to all Class 156s operating in Scotland. [http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ScotRail-25th-anniversary]


=== 17th century ===
156450, in [[Regional Railways]] ScotRail livery, was bought by Tickford and was refurbished with four different seating arrangements.


John Kincaid of Warriston was murdered by his wife's lover, Robert Weir, on July 1, 1600. Convicted for instigating the murder his wife, Lady Jean Livingstoun of Dunipace, was quickly beheaded on the "Maiden" but the infamy of the murder was to live on in Scottish ballads.<ref>Nimmo, William. The History of Stirlingshire. 3rd edition. Glasgow: Thomas D. Morison, 1880. Vol. 2: 287-288.</ref> Thomas Kincaid was appointed a surgeon in Alexander Leslie's Covenanter army invading England to support the Parliamentarians and he was given command of a brigade of two regiments prior to the [[Battle of Marston Moor]] in 1644.<ref>"Acta Parliamentorum CAROLI I." The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland. Vol. 6 (1643-1651): 74.</ref> Thomas Kincaid of Warriston suffered heavily during the civil war as subsequent invading English armies, particularly by invasions in 1650 and 1651, inflicted damages to his estates of Warriston, Heuch and Overgoger amounting to 37,000 merks Scots.<ref>"Acta Parliamentorum CAROLI II." The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland. Vol. 7 (1661-1669): 479-480.</ref> It was at this time that some Kincaids immigrated to [[Ireland]] in support of the [[Royalists]] cause. Captain Alexander Kinked, Captain Robert Kinkead, Claud Kinkead and Alexander Kinkead were among the '49 officers who received grants in Ireland upon King Charles' return to power.<ref>O'Hart, John. The Irish and Anglo-Irish Landed Gentry, when Cromwell came to Ireland; or A supplement to Irish Pedigrees. Dublin: George Healy Steam Printer, 1884.</ref> During the witch craft paranoia of the 17th century, John Kincaid of Tranent emerged in Scotland as a "pricker of witches" but was ultimately briefly imprisoned by the State for his excesses.<ref>The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland. Ed. P. Hume Brown. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1908. Third Series, Vol. I (A.D. 1661-1664): 132, 187, 210, 226-227.</ref>
===National Express East Anglia===
[[Image:Cambridge-156416-02.jpg|thumb|right|250px|'one' operated Class 156 at Cambridge on 13 May 2006]]
In early 2005, [['one']] started to receive several former [[Central Trains]] Class 156 units, which were exchanged for [[British Rail Class 150|Class 150]] units. The newer Class 156 units are more suitable for several of the longer-distance routes, and also provide extra passenger accommodation and to compliment [[British Rail Class 153|Class 153]] units. The units will be used on [[Bittern Line|Norwich-Cromer-Sheringham]], [[Wherry Lines|Norwich-Great Yarmouth/Lowestoft]], [[East Suffolk Line|Ipswich-Lowestoft/Felixstowe]], [[Sudbury Branch Line|Marks Tey-Sudbury]] local services, as well as longer distance [[Norwich]]-[[Cambridge]] and [[Ipswich]]-[[Cambridge]]/[[Peterborough]] services.


=== 18th century to today ===
The first units to be transferred to 'one'/National Express East Anglia had already been refurbished and were therefore painted in either Central Trains' green livery or white undercoat. However, the later units were repainted into the distinctive 'one' "rainbow" livery as they passed through works for refurbishment. National Express East Anglia now have a fleet of nine 156s, one train (156419) is in the new National Express East Anglia livery, two are in Central Livery, five in 'one' Livery and the unique 156402 currently in White with blue Chapelfield advertising livery. The first unit to be transferred to [[Norwich Crown Point]] [[traction maintenance depot]] (NC TMD) was white 156402 in exchange for 150235.


James Kincaid of Dalgreen was a person of note accused of being active in supporting Bonnie Prince Charlie during the Scottish rebellion of 1745.<ref>A list of persons concerned in the rebellion, transmitted to the commissioners of excise by the several supervisiors in Scotland, in obedience to a general letter of the 7th May 1746, and a supplementary list with evidences to prove the same. With a preface by the Earl of Rosebery, and annotations by Walter Macleod. Edinburgh, 1890. Scottish Record Society. First series, VIII: 56.</ref> Following Bonnie Prince Charlie's defeat, one Dr. Kincade emerged as a notable [[Jacobite]] of concern to the government.<ref>National Archives of the United Kingdom, SP 78/241, SP 78/242.</ref> Following the Scottish rebellions, a number of Kincaids migrated to the United States leaving numerous posterity there today.<br />
=== Northern Rail ===
[[Image:156451 at Lancaster.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Class 156, no. 156451 at [[Lancaster railway station|Lancaster]] on 1st April 2005. This unit carries the first version of [[Northern Rail]] livery.]]
Northern Rail’s 156s have two different interiors: one is dark blue with seating common to 156s (former [[First North Western]] units), the other is green with seating similar to that found on many [[British Rail Class 158|Class 158]] units (former [[Arriva Trains Northern]] units). The former Arriva Trains Northern units appear to have more comfortable seating. However, although the seating was designed to be comfortable for people of average height, it can be very uncomfortable for taller people as there is less leg room, and it is therefore unpopular with taller people. On the former First North Western units the seating is in good condition, although the carpets are in a very poor state. Since Northern Rail have taken over, former Arriva Trains Northern trains can be found on former First North Western routes and vice versa. Six former Arriva Trains Northern Class 156 units were transferred to the North West by [[Merseyrail]] to replace some overcrowded [[British Rail Class 142|Class 142]] [[Pacer (train)|Pacer]] units in the [[Merseyside]] area. However, this was only after more than 20 extra Class 158s had been introduced in Yorkshire (a former Arriva Trains Northern area).


Sir John Kincaid gained international recognition for his personal accounts of battles fought during the Napoleon War and in particular for his vivid recollections of the historic [[Battle of Waterloo]]; published as ''Adventures in the Rifle Brigade'' and ''Random Shots from a Rifleman''. As acting adjutant at Waterloo, his battalion stood almost in the centre of Wellington's line and was engaged in the most intensive fighting of the battle.<ref>"Military and Naval Intelligence." ''The Times''. 25 April 1862: 12, col. 2.</ref><br />
Northern Rail has so far introduced three new liveries. The first, carried by no. 156451, is mainly purple ([[mauve]]), but with white bands. The second livery, as carried by nos. 156425/460/464 is the inverse of the first livery. The final livery, first applied to no. 156461, is similar to the second livery, but with the white replaced by blue. There have also been several units with vinyls applied showing images of the Northern region - one of [[Eskdale, Cumbria]], showing the [[Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway]] (156461); one of various destinations on the [[Settle and Carlisle Railway]] (156484); another advertising the [[Sheffield]]-[[Leeds]] FAST service (156469), which has now been removed; one marketing the [[Tyne Valley Line]] and [[Hadrian's Wall]] (156448) and another celebrating 40 years since the end of steam on British Railways and the [[National Railway Museum]]'s "1968 and all that" event (156490).


John Henry Kinkead, of Somerville, Pennsylvania was the third Governor of the State of Nevada, USA and the first Governor of the then District of Alaska, USA.<ref>The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States as illustrated in the lives of the founders, builders, and defenders of the Republic, and of the men and women who are doing the work and moulding the thought of the present time. New York: James T. White & Company, 1909 . 11: 201.</ref><br />
== Former operations ==
===Central Trains===
[[Image:156410 at Nottingham.JPG|thumb|right|250px|156410 at [[Nottingham]] on 24th September 2003 in [[Central Trains]] livery, with a service to [[Worcester]].]]
[[Central Trains]] had a fleet of 11 units, based across the network. In the last days of [[Regional Railways]], the class was repainted into a version of Regional Railways Express (as per the [[Class 158]] original livery). Central Trains then repainted its fleet to its own green and yellow livery, these units are used on faster long-distance trains. The fleet was used on a wide variety of services including [[Birmingham]] to [[Nottingham]] via Derby or Leicester, [[Birmingham]] to [[Hereford]], [[Birmingham]] to [[Shrewsbury]] and [[Nottingham]] to [[Skegness]] or [[Lincoln, Lincolnshire|Lincoln]].


The 20th century saw several Kincaids develop significant inventions. John W. Kincaid is credited with being the inventor of the first automatic locomotive stoker at Hinton, West Virginia, USA.<ref>"John W. Kincaid." ''The New York Times''. 1 August 1936: 13, col. 3.</ref> Geoffrey R. Kinkead, of Providence, Rhode Island, USA, is credited with developing the percussion cap used in detonating hand grenades in World War I.<ref>"Geoffrey R. Kinkead." ''The New York Times''. 22 November 1952. 3, col. 3.</ref> Captain Earl H. Kincaid, of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginai, USA, was credited with inventing the Navy Static recording machine, a forerunner of radar.<ref>"Earl H. Kincaid, Naval Officer, 67. Leader at Northern Solomon Islands During War Dies." ''The New York Times''. 15 December 1961. 37, col. 5.</ref><br />
At one time Central Trains had a larger fleet of Class 156s, but some of these were replaced with newer [[British Rail Class 170|Class 170 ''Turbostar'']] trains and the Class 156 units went to [[First North Western]]. These are now operated by [[Northern Rail]], although some of the Central Trains passenger notices have still not been removed.


Flight-Lieutenant Samuel Marcus Kinkead, D.S.O., D.S.C., D.F.C., was a World War I ace and high-speed aircraft pioneer. He died on March 12, 1928, attempting to break the air speed record of 297 miles per hour in a Supermarine Napier S5 airplane at Calshot Aerodrome, Great Britain and was greatly mourned by the nation.<ref>"Airman's Career: Many Decorations for Gallantry." ''The Times''. 13 March 1928: 16, col. 2.</ref><br />
In 2003, Central Trains proposed to swap its Class 156 fleet with [[ScotRail]] [[British Rail Class 158|Class 158]] units, which would be better suited to longer distance journeys. However, this deal fell through, although one unit, no. 156402, was repainted in ScotRail livery without brandings. Since then, Central Trains refurbished their fleet at [[Doncaster]] Works.


Thomas Harold "Doc" Kinkade, of Wyckoff, New Jersey, gained international attention for his role in the first transatlantic flights as service engineer for the Wright Aeronautical Corporation. He was most noted for preparing the Wright Whirlwind motors used in Charles Lindbergh's "Spirit of St. Louis" and Commander Richard E. Byrd's "America."<ref>"Lindbergh's Plane Called An 'Ace' Too." ''The New York Times''. 16 June1927: 3, col. 6. & "Goes to Fix Engines for Byrd's Return." ''The New York Times''. 30 June 1927: 3, col. 5.</ref><br />
In early 2005, a number of Central Trains Class 156 units were transferred to [['one']] Anglia, in exchange for [[British Rail Class 150|Class 150]] units.


Admiral Thomas Cassin Kinkaid led the United States Seventh Fleet through the major sea and island battles of World War II. His most notable achievement was at the [[Battle of Leyte Gulf]]. Admiral [[Thomas C. Kinkaid]] defeated a large Japanese fleet at the Surigao Strait, using only a makeshift fleet of PT boats, converted freighters, destroyers and carrier escort ships.<ref>"Adm. Thomas C. Kinkaid Dies; Headed Guadalcanal Campaign: Commanded American Forces in Battle of the Coral Sea and the Philippines." ''The New York Times''. 19 November 19, 1972: 80.</ref><br />
All units were transferred to [[East Midlands Trains]] after the Central franchise ended.


Today the surname is a household name, thanks to the success of [[Thomas Kinkade]], Painter of Light. His vivid scenes are cherished by the masses making his art the most sought after since Norman Rockwell.
== Fleet details ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Operator
!No. of units
!Unit nos.
|-
|East Midlands Trains (ex-[[Central Trains]])
|align=center|11
|156401/403-406/408/410/411/413-415
|-
|First ScotRail
|align=center|48
|156430-437/439/442/445-447/449/450/<br>
453/456-458/462/465/467/474/476-478/485/492-496/499-514
|-
|Northern Rail
|align=center|46
|156420/421/423-429/438/440/441/443/444/448/<br>
451/452/454/455/459-461/463/464/466/468-473/475/479-484/486-491/497/498
|-
|<small>--consisting of
* ex-[[Arriva Trains Northern]]
* ex-[[First North Western]]
|align=center|<small>&nbsp;<br>
(28) <br>
(18)
|<small><br>
* 156438/443/444/448/451/454/463/468-473/475/479-484/486-491/497/498
* 156420/421/423-429/440/441/452/455/459-461/464/466
|-
|National Express East Anglia
|align=center|9
|156402/407/409/412/416-419/422
|-
|}


== The modern family leaders ==
== External links ==

{{commonscat|British Rail Class 156}}
In 1958 Alwyne Cecil Peareth Kincaid-Lennox succeeded to the coat of arms of his great great grandfather, John Kincaid of Kincaid, who had matriculated his Arms and Supporters on July 29, 1808.<ref>Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 2: page 23</ref> This John Kincaid of Kincaid married secondly Cecilia Lennox of Woodhead and their son, John Lennox Kincaid, became the legal representative of both the Kincaid and Lennox families upon the death of John Kincaid of Kincaid on February 7, 1832. John Lennox Kincaid Lennox had his coat of arms, the impaled arms of Lennox and Kincaid, matriculated on June 12, 1833.<ref>Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 3: page 94.</ref> The Lennox and Kincaid chiefships remained intertwined until 1958 when William Mandeville Peareth Kincaid-Lennox was informed by the Lord Lyon that he could not be the Chief of two clans. As a result, his younger brother, Alwyne Cecil Peareth Kincaid-Lennox, became Chief of Clan Kincaid. He took on the name Alwyne Cecil Kincaid of Kincaid when he was recognized as Clan Chief by the Lord Lyon King of Arms on July 1, 1959.<ref>Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 43: page 86.</ref><br />
*[http://members.madasafish.com/~dysgraphyk/156/ Metro-Cammell class 156 Super-Sprinter] - Information about current and past Class 156 operation, including technical details, livieries and accident reports.
*[http://www.traintesting.com/Utrecht.htm The story in pictures of 156502's visit to Holland]
Alwyne Cecil Kincaid of Kincaid died on 3 September 1983, and was succeeded by his niece, Heather Veronica Peareth Kincaid Lennox who then became Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid. She matriculated her coat of arms on 16 August 1988.<ref>Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 67: page 115.</ref> Madame Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid was born in Glasgow, Scotland on March 10, 1918 and was the only child of William Mandeville Peareth Kincaid-Lennox and Eva St. Clair Donald. She was twice married; first to Lieutenant-Commander Denis Arthur Hawker Hornell and secondly to William Henry Allen (Hal) Edghill. Her only child, Denis Peareth Hornell, succeeded to the chiefship of Clan Lennox and became Denis Peareth Hornell Lennox of that Ilk. Madame Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid died on August 2, 1999 in Shropshire, England.<br />
*[http://www.klickthis.com/gallery-railways-scotland-leadlocomotiveclass-110-DMU+Class+-+156.html British Photo Database - Class 156 Super-Sprinter]

Madame Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid was succeeded by her grand daughter, Arabella Jane Hornell Lennox. She matriculated her coat of arms on January 26, 2001 and assumed the name Arabella Jane Kincaid of Kincaid.<ref>Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 82: page 85.</ref> She is married to Giles Vivian Inglis-Jones and they have four children. The "Clan Chief" is represented by the ''Clan Kincaid Society'' based in the United States. This group charges both annual and life membership fees, with the purpose to "promote and foster our Scottish Heritage through our Scottish Clan".<ref name="laird_jim_kincaid--About">[http://www.geocities.com/laird_jim_kincaid/About About Clan Kincaid] Retrieved on [[2007-12-19]]</ref><ref name="laird_jim_kincaid--Membership">[http://www.geocities.com/laird_jim_kincaid/Membership/Membership.htm Membership] Retrieved on [[2007-12-19]]</ref>

== Kincaid House & Lennox Castle ==

Kincaid House is located on the old Kincaid lands in what is now [[Milton of Campsie]], [[East Dunbartonshire]], [[Scotland]]. It was the ancestral home of the Kincaids of that Ilk, with the oldest part of the house dating back to 1690. The current style of the house was designed by architect [[David Hamilton (architect)|David Hamilton]] for John Kincaid of that Ilk in 1812. His son and heir, John Lennox Kincaid Lennox, had Hamilton design and build Lennox Castle on the ancient Lennox of Woodhead estate in the Parish of Campsie; about a mile and half west of Lennoxtown, between 1837 and 1841. The family moved there and Kincaid House was sold in 1921. It was eventually converted into a hotel and remains in use as such today. Lennox Castle was sold in 1927 and is now in a state of disrepair.<br />

Kincaid House and Lennox Castle are popular destinations for vacationing members of the Clan Kincaid. During one group tour organized by Clan Kincaid, a commemorative tree was planted outside the Kincaid House Hotel.

== Tartan ==

Kincaid (22 Black, (pivot) 34 Green, 6 Red (centre), 34 Green etc.) Circa 1966. The Kincaids, being a Lowland Scots family, have no tradition of a "clan tartan". [http://home.primus.ca/~7kincaids/tartan.gif]

From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_clan] "The important point to remember is that until the 19th century, the Lowland or Border clans did not identify themselves by specific tartans, nor did they wear the kilt or play the Great Highland Pipes (although they would be familiar with the widely used Lowland or Border Pipes) but afterwards they adopted these characteristics of Highland culture as a form of clan identification, which they are happy to use to the present day."

== Variations in spelling ==

Spelling variations include:

Kincade, Kincaide, Kinkaid, Kinkead, Kinkade, Kingcade, Kyncade, and Kinket.

== Clan Kincaid DNA Project ==

On 4 June 2001, the Kincaid Surname DNA project was started as a means of learning more about the origins of Clan Kincaid and its various lines existing today. This is done mainly using male [[Y chromosome]] STR testing. This was the 22nd surname project with Family Tree DNA and the project has consistently ranked high in terms of number of participants.

As of December 22, 2007, the project has results returned for 116 participants. Like most surname DNA projects, there has emerged more than one group of genetically related individuals. So far, the individuals have been assigned into seven groups labelled A to G. However, the bulk of participants fall within Group A; accounting for 68 individuals or over 58% of the participants. Group C is the next largest group with 19 participants. Group B and D each account for 4 related individuals while Groups E, F, and G account for 2 participants each. There are 15 participants that returned results that are not closely related to any of individuals in Groups A to G nor to each other.

The results to date suggest that the patriarch of Clan Kincaid was the ancestor of Group A participants. Y chromosome SNP testing shows that Group A participants are part of [[Haplogroup R1b]] which is dominant in western Europe. Furthermore, further testing shows that Group A participants belong to the subclade R1b1c9 (S21) subclade which is most common in the Netherland, Denmark, north Germany and southwest England.

While Y chromosome DNA testing has been a great tool for sorting various lines of Kincaid, it has not shed any further light on the origins of Clan Kincaid. There are many scenarios of when and how the Clan Kincaid patriarch entered the [[Strathclyde]] area of Scotland.

== Kincaid-L mailing list ==

The KINCAID-L list is a popular mailing list of persons actively researching their Kincaid (& spelling variants) ancestors. Members share information and assist other Kincaid descendants in locating their Kincaid ancestors. KINCAID-L is available through the support of Rootsweb.

== Notes ==


==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
{{Mark 3-derived}}

{{British Rail Sprinter}}
*[http://www.kincaidhouse.com/ Kincaid House]
{{British Rail DMU}}
*[http://www.geocities.com/laird_jim_kincaid/ Clan Kincaid Society]
*[https://www.familytreedna.com/public/kincaid/ Clan Kincaid DNA Project]
*[http://home.primus.ca/~7kincaids/name.htm Kincaid name Origins]
*[http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/surname/k/kincaid.html#KINCAID Kincaid-L mailing list]


[[Category:British Rail diesel multiple units|156]]
[[Category:Scottish clans|Kincaid]]


[[ru:Клан Кинкейд]]
[[pl:British Rail Class 156]]

Revision as of 18:47, 10 October 2008

Clan Kincaid is a member of the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs as a Lowland Scottish clan.

History

The Kincaid surname is of territorial origin being taken from the former lands of Kincaid in the Parish of Campsie, Stirlingshire, Scotland. The lands are located just north of Kirkintilloch, in the north-west angle formed by the River Kelvin and its tributary the Glazert. The topography of the area is hilly, being on the northern edges of the Scottish Lowlands. Prominent hills in the area are called the Campsie Fells. The nearest city of some size is Glasgow.

It had been thought that the placename is Gaelic in origin with suggested meanings of ceann càidhe, meaning "at the head of the quagmire", ceann cadha, meaning "at the head of the pass," and ceann cath meaning "head of the battle." However, it is now believed that the placename is P Celtic in origin. It may have originally been Neo-Brittonic Pen ced. In 1238/9, it appeared in Latin charters in 1238/9 as Kyncaith and soon thereafter took on its current form.[1]

The origins of the family is obscure. Kincaids were in Scotland at the time of the Wars of Scottish Independence. In a 1646 birth brieve in the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, it is recorded that the head of the Kincaid family, in the time of King Edward I of England, was made Constable of Edinburgh Castle for his valiant service in recovering of the Castle of Edinburgh from the English and his posterity carry the castle in their coat of arms in memory of this deed. The family's coat of arms can be seen today in one of the Edinburgh Castle's buildings, painted on one of the ceiling supports in the "Armory". [1]

The earliest mention of a Kincaid is Robert of Kincade who served on an inquest held at Stirling on 2 October 1425 which found Sir John of Halden, knight, heir to the deceased Sir Bernard of Halden, knight, his father, in the 10 merk lands of Kepdowry and Ardas in the sheriffdom of Stirling and earldom of Lennox.[2] He is perhaps the Robert of Kincaide who was noted as squire to the powerful Patrick Lyon, Lord Glamis in a charter dated April 12, 1447.[3]

15th century

The family quickly obtained favourable positions about the royal family. John of Kyncade's wife, Jonet, received payments for nursing the Earl of March, the 2nd son of King James II, in 1456 and 1457. This John of Kyncade was likely the John of Kyncade who was keeper of Linlithgow Palace in 1461 and the John of Kincade who was receiver of Crown fermes near Linlithgowshire from June 22, 1464 to July 3, 1466.[4] Patrick Kincaid of that Ilk was a favoured squire to King James IV.[5]

The family estates grew in the 15th and 16th century. The Kincaids gained the estates of Craiglockhart, Coates and Warriston about Edinburgh; the lands of Inchbreck, Inchbelly and Auchenreoch near their ancestral lands; and lands about Falkirk and Linlithgow.

16th century

Thomas Kincaid of Coates was Constable of Edinburgh Castle from at least 1508 to March 1, 1512/1548 and was Master of Works for King James IV at least in 1511.[6] He oversaw preparations made at Edinburgh Castle for the invasion of England in 1513, including the casting of some of the great cannons used in the Battle of Flodden Field, and obtaining metal for the building of The Michael, the largest and most powerful ship of its day.[7] His son Thomas Kincaid of that Ilk, was a Deputy-Constable in Parliament on 11 December 1534, and a special sheriff of Dumbarton on 25 September 1549.[8] Edward Kincaid was Sheriff-Depute of Edinburgh in 1521, at the time of the battle there referred to as the "Cleansing of the Causeway," and likely the Edward Kincaid who was a Sheriff of Peebles shortly thereafter.[9]

No less than seven Kincaids accompanied King James V of Scotland to France on September 1, 1536 for the King's marriage to King Francis I's daughter Madeleine de Valois. Thomas Kincaid, Edward Kincaid, David Kincaid, James Kincaid, Robert Kincaid, Thomas Kincaid, and John Kincaid were all listed as being in Lord Fleming's entourage for this great occasion.[10] Patrick Kincaid of Leith, was Master Brewer to King James V in the 1530s and 1540s.[11] David Kincaid of Coates was Constable of Edinburgh Castle from as early as 1541.[12]

A number of the Kincaids adhered to the royal family and got caught up in the intrigues surrounding Queen Mary I of Scotland. John Kincaid of Warriston was a relative and intended protégé of Bishop Bothwell while Alexander Kincaid, originally a servant to Adam Bothwell, was one of the Queen's half-brother's, Robert Stewart's, closest servants.[13] William Kincaid was one of the Queen's most trusted couriers and was sent to France with her letters and directions of the Queen's party.[14] Edward Kincaid, maltman, was a significant supplier of William Kirkcaldy of Grange's forces in the defense of Edinburgh Castle against the forces of Regent Morton in 1573.[15]

17th century

John Kincaid of Warriston was murdered by his wife's lover, Robert Weir, on July 1, 1600. Convicted for instigating the murder his wife, Lady Jean Livingstoun of Dunipace, was quickly beheaded on the "Maiden" but the infamy of the murder was to live on in Scottish ballads.[16] Thomas Kincaid was appointed a surgeon in Alexander Leslie's Covenanter army invading England to support the Parliamentarians and he was given command of a brigade of two regiments prior to the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644.[17] Thomas Kincaid of Warriston suffered heavily during the civil war as subsequent invading English armies, particularly by invasions in 1650 and 1651, inflicted damages to his estates of Warriston, Heuch and Overgoger amounting to 37,000 merks Scots.[18] It was at this time that some Kincaids immigrated to Ireland in support of the Royalists cause. Captain Alexander Kinked, Captain Robert Kinkead, Claud Kinkead and Alexander Kinkead were among the '49 officers who received grants in Ireland upon King Charles' return to power.[19] During the witch craft paranoia of the 17th century, John Kincaid of Tranent emerged in Scotland as a "pricker of witches" but was ultimately briefly imprisoned by the State for his excesses.[20]

18th century to today

James Kincaid of Dalgreen was a person of note accused of being active in supporting Bonnie Prince Charlie during the Scottish rebellion of 1745.[21] Following Bonnie Prince Charlie's defeat, one Dr. Kincade emerged as a notable Jacobite of concern to the government.[22] Following the Scottish rebellions, a number of Kincaids migrated to the United States leaving numerous posterity there today.

Sir John Kincaid gained international recognition for his personal accounts of battles fought during the Napoleon War and in particular for his vivid recollections of the historic Battle of Waterloo; published as Adventures in the Rifle Brigade and Random Shots from a Rifleman. As acting adjutant at Waterloo, his battalion stood almost in the centre of Wellington's line and was engaged in the most intensive fighting of the battle.[23]

John Henry Kinkead, of Somerville, Pennsylvania was the third Governor of the State of Nevada, USA and the first Governor of the then District of Alaska, USA.[24]

The 20th century saw several Kincaids develop significant inventions. John W. Kincaid is credited with being the inventor of the first automatic locomotive stoker at Hinton, West Virginia, USA.[25] Geoffrey R. Kinkead, of Providence, Rhode Island, USA, is credited with developing the percussion cap used in detonating hand grenades in World War I.[26] Captain Earl H. Kincaid, of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginai, USA, was credited with inventing the Navy Static recording machine, a forerunner of radar.[27]

Flight-Lieutenant Samuel Marcus Kinkead, D.S.O., D.S.C., D.F.C., was a World War I ace and high-speed aircraft pioneer. He died on March 12, 1928, attempting to break the air speed record of 297 miles per hour in a Supermarine Napier S5 airplane at Calshot Aerodrome, Great Britain and was greatly mourned by the nation.[28]

Thomas Harold "Doc" Kinkade, of Wyckoff, New Jersey, gained international attention for his role in the first transatlantic flights as service engineer for the Wright Aeronautical Corporation. He was most noted for preparing the Wright Whirlwind motors used in Charles Lindbergh's "Spirit of St. Louis" and Commander Richard E. Byrd's "America."[29]

Admiral Thomas Cassin Kinkaid led the United States Seventh Fleet through the major sea and island battles of World War II. His most notable achievement was at the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid defeated a large Japanese fleet at the Surigao Strait, using only a makeshift fleet of PT boats, converted freighters, destroyers and carrier escort ships.[30]

Today the surname is a household name, thanks to the success of Thomas Kinkade, Painter of Light. His vivid scenes are cherished by the masses making his art the most sought after since Norman Rockwell.

The modern family leaders

In 1958 Alwyne Cecil Peareth Kincaid-Lennox succeeded to the coat of arms of his great great grandfather, John Kincaid of Kincaid, who had matriculated his Arms and Supporters on July 29, 1808.[31] This John Kincaid of Kincaid married secondly Cecilia Lennox of Woodhead and their son, John Lennox Kincaid, became the legal representative of both the Kincaid and Lennox families upon the death of John Kincaid of Kincaid on February 7, 1832. John Lennox Kincaid Lennox had his coat of arms, the impaled arms of Lennox and Kincaid, matriculated on June 12, 1833.[32] The Lennox and Kincaid chiefships remained intertwined until 1958 when William Mandeville Peareth Kincaid-Lennox was informed by the Lord Lyon that he could not be the Chief of two clans. As a result, his younger brother, Alwyne Cecil Peareth Kincaid-Lennox, became Chief of Clan Kincaid. He took on the name Alwyne Cecil Kincaid of Kincaid when he was recognized as Clan Chief by the Lord Lyon King of Arms on July 1, 1959.[33]

Alwyne Cecil Kincaid of Kincaid died on 3 September 1983, and was succeeded by his niece, Heather Veronica Peareth Kincaid Lennox who then became Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid. She matriculated her coat of arms on 16 August 1988.[34] Madame Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid was born in Glasgow, Scotland on March 10, 1918 and was the only child of William Mandeville Peareth Kincaid-Lennox and Eva St. Clair Donald. She was twice married; first to Lieutenant-Commander Denis Arthur Hawker Hornell and secondly to William Henry Allen (Hal) Edghill. Her only child, Denis Peareth Hornell, succeeded to the chiefship of Clan Lennox and became Denis Peareth Hornell Lennox of that Ilk. Madame Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid died on August 2, 1999 in Shropshire, England.

Madame Heather Veronica Kincaid of Kincaid was succeeded by her grand daughter, Arabella Jane Hornell Lennox. She matriculated her coat of arms on January 26, 2001 and assumed the name Arabella Jane Kincaid of Kincaid.[35] She is married to Giles Vivian Inglis-Jones and they have four children. The "Clan Chief" is represented by the Clan Kincaid Society based in the United States. This group charges both annual and life membership fees, with the purpose to "promote and foster our Scottish Heritage through our Scottish Clan".[36][37]

Kincaid House & Lennox Castle

Kincaid House is located on the old Kincaid lands in what is now Milton of Campsie, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It was the ancestral home of the Kincaids of that Ilk, with the oldest part of the house dating back to 1690. The current style of the house was designed by architect David Hamilton for John Kincaid of that Ilk in 1812. His son and heir, John Lennox Kincaid Lennox, had Hamilton design and build Lennox Castle on the ancient Lennox of Woodhead estate in the Parish of Campsie; about a mile and half west of Lennoxtown, between 1837 and 1841. The family moved there and Kincaid House was sold in 1921. It was eventually converted into a hotel and remains in use as such today. Lennox Castle was sold in 1927 and is now in a state of disrepair.

Kincaid House and Lennox Castle are popular destinations for vacationing members of the Clan Kincaid. During one group tour organized by Clan Kincaid, a commemorative tree was planted outside the Kincaid House Hotel.

Tartan

Kincaid (22 Black, (pivot) 34 Green, 6 Red (centre), 34 Green etc.) Circa 1966. The Kincaids, being a Lowland Scots family, have no tradition of a "clan tartan". [2]

From [3] "The important point to remember is that until the 19th century, the Lowland or Border clans did not identify themselves by specific tartans, nor did they wear the kilt or play the Great Highland Pipes (although they would be familiar with the widely used Lowland or Border Pipes) but afterwards they adopted these characteristics of Highland culture as a form of clan identification, which they are happy to use to the present day."

Variations in spelling

Spelling variations include:

Kincade, Kincaide, Kinkaid, Kinkead, Kinkade, Kingcade, Kyncade, and Kinket.

Clan Kincaid DNA Project

On 4 June 2001, the Kincaid Surname DNA project was started as a means of learning more about the origins of Clan Kincaid and its various lines existing today. This is done mainly using male Y chromosome STR testing. This was the 22nd surname project with Family Tree DNA and the project has consistently ranked high in terms of number of participants.

As of December 22, 2007, the project has results returned for 116 participants. Like most surname DNA projects, there has emerged more than one group of genetically related individuals. So far, the individuals have been assigned into seven groups labelled A to G. However, the bulk of participants fall within Group A; accounting for 68 individuals or over 58% of the participants. Group C is the next largest group with 19 participants. Group B and D each account for 4 related individuals while Groups E, F, and G account for 2 participants each. There are 15 participants that returned results that are not closely related to any of individuals in Groups A to G nor to each other.

The results to date suggest that the patriarch of Clan Kincaid was the ancestor of Group A participants. Y chromosome SNP testing shows that Group A participants are part of Haplogroup R1b which is dominant in western Europe. Furthermore, further testing shows that Group A participants belong to the subclade R1b1c9 (S21) subclade which is most common in the Netherland, Denmark, north Germany and southwest England.

While Y chromosome DNA testing has been a great tool for sorting various lines of Kincaid, it has not shed any further light on the origins of Clan Kincaid. There are many scenarios of when and how the Clan Kincaid patriarch entered the Strathclyde area of Scotland.

Kincaid-L mailing list

The KINCAID-L list is a popular mailing list of persons actively researching their Kincaid (& spelling variants) ancestors. Members share information and assist other Kincaid descendants in locating their Kincaid ancestors. KINCAID-L is available through the support of Rootsweb.


Notes

  1. ^ Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum: The Register of the Great Seal of Scotland A.D. 1634-1651. Ed. John Maitland Thomson. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1897. 644-646.
  2. ^ National Archives of Scotland. Haldane of Gleneagles Papers. GD198/9.
  3. ^ Glasgow City Archives. Lennox of Woodhead Papers. T-LX 1/12/1.
  4. ^ Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum: The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland. Ed. George Burnett. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1883. VI. (A.D. 1455-1460): 232-234, 286 & 321-322; VII. (A.D. 1460-1469): 47-49, 319-321 & 402-405.
  5. ^ Historical Manuscripts Commission. Report on Manuscripts in Various Collections, Vol. 5: The Manuscripts of Col. Mordaunt-Hay, of Duns Castle; Sir Archibald Edmonstone, of Duntreath; Sir John James Graham, of Fintry, K.C.M.G., etc. Hereford: Printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office by Anthony Brothers Limited, 1909. Series 55: 84-85.
  6. ^ "Protocol Book of James Young 1485-1515." Ed. Henry M. Paton and Gordon Donaldson. Edinburgh: Printed for the Society by J. Skinner & Company, Ltd., 1941-52. The Scottish Record Society. 74 (December 1940): 398-399 & Compota Thesaurariorum Regum Scotorum: Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Ed. Sir James Balfour Paul. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1901. Vol. IV (A.D. 1507-1513):445-446.
  7. ^ Compota Thesaurariorum Regum Scotorum: Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Ed. Sir James Balfour Paul. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1901. Vol. IV (A.D. 1507-1513): 278-279; 276-277; 278-279; 399; 445-446; & Appendix IV, 531.
  8. ^ "Acta Parliamentorum Jacobi V." The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland. Vol. 3 (1567-1592): 338. Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum: The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland. Ed. George Powell McNeill. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1898. XVIII. (A.D. 1543-1556): Appendix, 480.
  9. ^ Laing, Henry. Supplemental Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Scottish Seals: royal, baronial, ecclesiastical, and municipal: embracing the period from A.D. 1150 to the eighteenth century: taken from original charters and other deeds preserved in public and private archives. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1866. 97. "Calendar of Writs preserved at Yester House 1166-1625." Ed. Charles C. H. Harvey and John MacLeod. Edinburgh: Printed for the Society by J. Skinner & Company, Ltd., 1930. Scottish Record Society. 127-129.
  10. ^ Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum: The Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland. Ed. David Hay Fleming. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House, 1921. Vol. 2 (A.D. 1529-1542): 326-327.
  11. ^ Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum: The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland. Ed. George Powell McNeill. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1897. XVI. (A.D. 1529-1536): 468. Compota Thesaurariorum Regum Scotorum: Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Ed. Sir James Balfour Paul. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1908. Vol. VIII (A.D. 1541-1546): 441.
  12. ^ Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum: The Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland. Ed. David Hay Fleming. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House, 1921. Vol. 2 (A.D. 1529-1542): 616.
  13. ^ Anderson, Peter D. Robert Stewart: Earl of Orkney, Lord of Shetland 1533-1593. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd, 1982. 37-38, 137, 178-179.
  14. ^ Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547-1603. Ed. William K. Boyd. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1910. Vol VI (A.D. 1581-1583): 175-177 & Calendar of the State Papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547-1603. Ed. Joseph Bain. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1900. Vol II (A.D. 1563-1569): 642-644.
  15. ^ Lynch, Michael. Edinburgh and the Reformation. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd, 1981. 337.
  16. ^ Nimmo, William. The History of Stirlingshire. 3rd edition. Glasgow: Thomas D. Morison, 1880. Vol. 2: 287-288.
  17. ^ "Acta Parliamentorum CAROLI I." The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland. Vol. 6 (1643-1651): 74.
  18. ^ "Acta Parliamentorum CAROLI II." The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland. Vol. 7 (1661-1669): 479-480.
  19. ^ O'Hart, John. The Irish and Anglo-Irish Landed Gentry, when Cromwell came to Ireland; or A supplement to Irish Pedigrees. Dublin: George Healy Steam Printer, 1884.
  20. ^ The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland. Ed. P. Hume Brown. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House, 1908. Third Series, Vol. I (A.D. 1661-1664): 132, 187, 210, 226-227.
  21. ^ A list of persons concerned in the rebellion, transmitted to the commissioners of excise by the several supervisiors in Scotland, in obedience to a general letter of the 7th May 1746, and a supplementary list with evidences to prove the same. With a preface by the Earl of Rosebery, and annotations by Walter Macleod. Edinburgh, 1890. Scottish Record Society. First series, VIII: 56.
  22. ^ National Archives of the United Kingdom, SP 78/241, SP 78/242.
  23. ^ "Military and Naval Intelligence." The Times. 25 April 1862: 12, col. 2.
  24. ^ The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States as illustrated in the lives of the founders, builders, and defenders of the Republic, and of the men and women who are doing the work and moulding the thought of the present time. New York: James T. White & Company, 1909 . 11: 201.
  25. ^ "John W. Kincaid." The New York Times. 1 August 1936: 13, col. 3.
  26. ^ "Geoffrey R. Kinkead." The New York Times. 22 November 1952. 3, col. 3.
  27. ^ "Earl H. Kincaid, Naval Officer, 67. Leader at Northern Solomon Islands During War Dies." The New York Times. 15 December 1961. 37, col. 5.
  28. ^ "Airman's Career: Many Decorations for Gallantry." The Times. 13 March 1928: 16, col. 2.
  29. ^ "Lindbergh's Plane Called An 'Ace' Too." The New York Times. 16 June1927: 3, col. 6. & "Goes to Fix Engines for Byrd's Return." The New York Times. 30 June 1927: 3, col. 5.
  30. ^ "Adm. Thomas C. Kinkaid Dies; Headed Guadalcanal Campaign: Commanded American Forces in Battle of the Coral Sea and the Philippines." The New York Times. 19 November 19, 1972: 80.
  31. ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 2: page 23
  32. ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 3: page 94.
  33. ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 43: page 86.
  34. ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 67: page 115.
  35. ^ Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland. Edinburgh: Lord Lyon Office, 1677-. Volume 82: page 85.
  36. ^ About Clan Kincaid Retrieved on 2007-12-19
  37. ^ Membership Retrieved on 2007-12-19

External links

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