Juncos, Puerto Rico: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 18°13′39″N 65°55′16″W / 18.22750°N 65.92111°W / 18.22750; -65.92111
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{{Short description|Town and municipality in Puerto Rico}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}
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{{short description|Town and municipality in Puerto Rico}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Juncos
| name = Juncos
| native_name = <small>{{lang|es|Municipio Autónomo de Juncos}}</small>
| native_name = <small>{{lang|es|Municipio Autónomo de Juncos}}</small>
| native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "es" for Spanish. -->
| native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "es" for Spanish. -->
| settlement_type = [[Juncos barrio-pueblo|Town]] and [[Municipalities of Puerto Rico|Municipality]]
| settlement_type = [[Juncos barrio-pueblo|Town]] and [[Municipalities of Puerto Rico|Municipality]]
| image_skyline = Teatro junqueno.jpg
| image_skyline = Teatro junqueno.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Theater in Juncos
| image_caption = Theater in Juncos
| image_flag = Flag of Juncos.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Juncos.svg
| flag_alt =
| flag_alt =
| image_shield = Coat of arms of Juncos, Puerto Rico.svg
| image_shield = Coat of arms of Juncos, Puerto Rico.svg
| shield_alt =
| shield_alt =
| nicknames = ''"La Ciudad del Valenciano", "Los Mulos del Valenciano"''
| nicknames = ''"La Ciudad del Valenciano", "Los Mulos del Valenciano"''
| anthem = ''"Juncos Mi Pequeño París"''
| anthem = ''"Juncos Mi Pequeño París"''
| image_map = Locator-map-Puerto-Rico-Juncos.svg
| image_map = Locator-map-Puerto-Rico-Juncos.svg
| mapsize = 300px
| mapsize = 300px
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Juncos Municipality
| map_caption = Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Juncos Municipality
| coordinates = {{coord|18|13|39|N|65|55|16|W|type:city_region:US-PR|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|18|13|39|N|65|55|16|W|type:city_region:US-PR|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[Commonwealth (United States insular area)|Commonwealth]]
| subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name = Puerto Rico
| subdivision_name = [[United States]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Commonwealth (United States insular area)|Commonwealth]]
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| established_title = Founded
| established_date = August 2, 1797
| subdivision_name1 = Puerto Rico
| founder =
| established_title = Founded
| parts_type = [[Barrios of Puerto Rico|Barrios]]
| established_date = August 2, 1797
| parts = 10 barrios
| founder =
| p1 = [[Caimito, Juncos, Puerto Rico|Caimito]]
| parts_type = [[Barrios of Puerto Rico|Barrios]]
| p2 = [[Ceiba Norte]]
| parts = 10 barrios
| p3 = [[Ceiba Sur]]
| p1 = [[Caimito, Juncos, Puerto Rico|Caimito]]
| p4 = [[Gurabo Abajo]]
| p2 = [[Ceiba Norte]]
| p5 = [[Gurabo Arriba]]
| p3 = [[Ceiba Sur]]
| p6 = [[Juncos barrio-pueblo]]
| p4 = [[Gurabo Abajo]]
| p7 = [[Lirios]]
| p5 = [[Gurabo Arriba]]
| p8 = [[Mamey, Juncos, Puerto Rico|Mamey]]
| p6 = [[Juncos barrio-pueblo]]
| p9 = [[Valenciano Abajo]]
| p7 = [[Lirios]]
| p10 = [[Valenciano Arriba]]
| p8 = [[Mamey, Juncos, Puerto Rico|Mamey]]
| seat_type =
| p9 = [[Valenciano Abajo]]
| seat =
| p10 = [[Valenciano Arriba]]
| government_footnotes =
| seat_type =
| leader_party = [[Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)|PPD]]
| seat =
| leader_title = Mayor
| government_footnotes =
| leader_name = [[Alfredo Alejandro Carrión]]
| leader_party = [[Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)|PPD]]
| leader_title1 = Senatorial&nbsp;dist.
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name1 = [[Puerto Rico Senatorial district VII|7 – Humacao]]
| leader_name = [[Alfredo Alejandro Carrión]]
| leader_title2 = Representative&nbsp;dist.
| leader_title1 = Senatorial&nbsp;dist.
| leader_name2 = 33
| leader_name1 = [[Puerto Rico Senatorial district VII|7 – Humacao]]
| area_footnotes =
| leader_title2 = Representative&nbsp;dist.
| area_magnitude =
| leader_name2 = 33
| area_total_km2 = 68.89
| area_footnotes =
| area_land_km2 = 68.86
| area_magnitude =
| area_water_km2 = 0.03
| area_total_km2 = 68.89
| area_water_percent =
| area_land_km2 = 68.86
| area_note =
| area_water_km2 = 0.03
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_water_percent =
| elevation_footnotes =
| area_note =
| elevation_ft =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| elevation_footnotes =
⚫
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=US Census|title=PUERTO RICO: 2020 Census|url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/puerto-rico-population-change-between-census-decade.html|access-date=August 25, 2021|website=The United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US}}</ref>
| population_total = 37,012
| elevation_ft =
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| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=US Census|title=PUERTO RICO: 2020 Census|url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/puerto-rico-population-change-between-census-decade.html|access-date=August 25, 2021|website=The United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US}}</ref>
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| population_as_of = 2020
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_total = 37,012
| population_demonym = Junqueño
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_density_km2 = auto
⚫
| demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
| population_demonym = Junqueño
⚫
| demographics1_footnotes = ([[United States Census, 2000|2000 Census]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.topuertorico.org/pdf/2kh72.pdf |title=Demographics/Ethnic U.S 2000 census |access-date=March 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216013103/http://www.topuertorico.org/pdf/2kh72.pdf |archive-date=February 16, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>
⚫
| demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
| demographics1_title1 = [[White people|White]]
⚫
| demographics1_footnotes = ([[United States Census, 2000|2000 Census]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.topuertorico.org/pdf/2kh72.pdf |title=Demographics/Ethnic U.S 2000 census |access-date=March 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216013103/http://www.topuertorico.org/pdf/2kh72.pdf |archive-date=February 16, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| demographics1_info1 = 93.5%
| demographics1_title2 = [[Black people|Black]]
| demographics1_title1 = [[White people|White]]
| demographics1_info2 = 7.2%
| demographics1_info1 = 93.5%
| demographics1_title2 = [[Black people|Black]]
⚫
| demographics1_title3 = [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]]/[[Alaska Native|AN]]
| demographics1_info3 = 0.0%
| demographics1_info2 = 7.2%
⚫
| demographics1_title3 = [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]]/[[Alaska Native|AN]]
⚫
| demographics1_title4 = [[Asian people|Asian]]
| demographics1_info4 = 0.0%
| demographics1_info3 = 0.0%
⚫
| demographics1_title4 = [[Asian people|Asian]]
⚫
| demographics1_title5 = [[Native Hawaiian]]/[[Pacific Islander|PI]]
| demographics1_info5 = 0.0%
| demographics1_info4 = 0.0%
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| demographics1_title5 = [[Native Hawaiian]]/[[Pacific Islander|PI]]
| population_note =
| demographics1_info5 = 0.0%
| timezone1 = [[Atlantic Standard Time|AST]]
| utc_offset1 = -4
| population_note =
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
| timezone1 = [[Atlantic Standard Time|AST]]
| postal_code = 00777
| utc_offset1 = -4
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in Puerto Rico|787/939]]
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[List of highways in Puerto Rico|Major routes]]
| postal_code = 00777
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in Puerto Rico|787/939]]
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| blank_info_sec1 = [[File:PR primary 30.svg|25px|link=Puerto Rico Highway 30]] [[File:PR secondary 31.svg|25px|link=Puerto Rico Highway 31]] [[File:PR secondary 183.svg|31px|link=Puerto Rico Highway 183]] [[File:PR secondary 185.svg|31px|link=Puerto Rico Highway 185]] [[File:Ellipse sign 189.svg|31px|link=Puerto Rico Highway 189]] [[File:Ellipse sign 198.svg|31px|link=Puerto Rico Highway 198]]
| website =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[List of highways in Puerto Rico|Major routes]]
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| blank_info_sec1 = [[File:PR primary 30.svg|25px|link=Puerto Rico Highway 30]] [[File:PR secondary 31.svg|25px|link=Puerto Rico Highway 31]] [[File:PR secondary 183.svg|31px|link=Puerto Rico Highway 183]] [[File:PR secondary 185.svg|31px|link=Puerto Rico Highway 185]] [[File:Ellipse sign 189.svg|31px|link=Puerto Rico Highway 189]] [[File:Ellipse sign 198.svg|31px|link=Puerto Rico Highway 198]]
| footnotes =
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| website =
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| footnotes =
| population_rank = [[Municipalities of Puerto Rico|29th]] in Puerto Rico
}}
}}


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==History==
==History==
During the 17th century, large parts of the municipality were owned by the ''Hato Grande de los Delgado'' (The Delgados' Great Ranch). Another ranch, the ''Hato del Valenciano'', was established and later divided into the ''Hatillo de los Lirios'' and the ''Hatillo de los Juncos''. This second one became the village of [[Juncos barrio-pueblo|Juncos]] in the 18th century and was given the status of a town on August 2, 1797. Reeds, which gave the city its name, feature in the center of its flag and the bottom of its coat of arms. The ''Hato del Valenciano'' is remembered in the name of the [[Río Valenciano]], as well as the coat of arms of [[Valencia]] featuring in Juncos' coat of arms, in addition to the city's two nicknames of ''La Ciudad del Valenciano'' (The Valenciano City) and ''Los Mulos del Valenciano'' (The Valenciano's [[Mule]]s).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pr-jc.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=September 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804010208/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pr-jc.html |archive-date=August 4, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
During the 17th century, large parts of the municipality were owned by the ''Hato Grande de los Delgado'' (The Delgados' Great Ranch). Another ranch, the ''Hato del Valenciano'', was established and later divided into the ''Hatillo de los Lirios'' and the ''Hatillo de los Juncos''. This second one became the village of [[Juncos barrio-pueblo|Juncos]] in the 18th century and was given the status of a town on August 2, 1797. Reeds, which gave the city its name, feature in the center of its flag and the bottom of its coat of arms. The ''Hato del Valenciano'' is remembered in the name of the [[Río Valenciano]], as well as the coat of arms of [[Valencia]] featuring in Juncos' coat of arms, in addition to the city's two nicknames of ''La Ciudad del Valenciano'' (The Valenciano City) and ''Los Mulos del Valenciano'' (The Valenciano's [[Mule]]s).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pr-jc.html |title=Juncos (Puerto Rico) |access-date=September 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804010208/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pr-jc.html |archive-date=August 4, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>


Puerto Rico was ceded by [[Spain]] in the aftermath of the [[Spanish–American War]] under the terms of the [[Treaty of Paris of 1898]] and became a territory of the [[United States]]. In 1899, the [[United States Department of War]] conducted a [[census]] of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Juncos was 8,429.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Joseph Prentiss Sanger|author2=Henry Gannett|author3=Walter Francis Willcox|title=Informe sobre el censo de Puerto Rico, 1899, United States. War Dept. Porto Rico Census Office| url=https://archive.org/details/reportoncensusof00unitiala/page/160/mode/2up |year=1900|publisher=Washington : Govt. print. off.|page=160}}</ref>
===Hurricane Maria===

[[Hurricane Maria]] on September 20, 2017, triggered numerous landslides in Juncos with the significant amount of rainfall.<ref name="USGS_Maria_Landslides">{{cite web |title=Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico |url=https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/ |website=USGS Landslide Hazards Program |publisher=USGS |access-date=March 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303143147/https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/ |archive-date=March 3, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="USGS_Maria_Landslides map">{{cite web |title=Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico |url=https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/images/PR_Maria_LS_density_map.pdf |website=USGS Landslide Hazards Program |publisher=USGS |access-date=March 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303143147/https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/images/PR_Maria_LS_density_map.pdf |archive-date=March 3, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On September 20, 2017 [[Hurricane Maria]] struck Puerto Rico. Juncos had been declared a disaster zone a week earlier when [[Hurricane Irma]] made landfall only to be hit again. Destruction to homes and infrastructure was estimated at $25 million.<ref>{{cite news | title=María, un nombre que no vamos a olvidar. Juncos fue rematado por dos huracanes| trans-title=Juncos was finished by two hurricanes|newspaper=El Nuevo Día| date=2019-06-13 | url=https://huracanmaria.elnuevodia.com/2017/municipio/juncos/| language=es | access-date=2022-09-11}}</ref> Maria triggered numerous landslides in Juncos with its significant wind and rainfall.<ref name="USGS_Maria_Landslides">{{cite web |title=Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico |url=https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/ |website=USGS Landslide Hazards Program |publisher=USGS |access-date=March 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303143147/https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/ |archive-date=March 3, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="USGS_Maria_Landslides map">{{cite web |title=Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico |url=https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/images/PR_Maria_LS_density_map.pdf |website=USGS Landslide Hazards Program |publisher=USGS |access-date=March 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303143147/https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/images/PR_Maria_LS_density_map.pdf |archive-date=March 3, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Symbols==
==Symbols==
The {{lang|es|municipio}} has an official flag and coat of arms.<ref>{{cite web | title=Ley Núm. 70 de 2006 -Ley para disponer la oficialidad de la bandera y el escudo de los setenta y ocho (78) municipios. | website=LexJuris de Puerto Rico | url=https://www.lexjuris.com/LEXLEX/Leyes2006/lexl2006070.htm | language=es | access-date=June 15, 2021}}</ref>
The {{lang|es|municipio}} has an official flag and coat of arms.<ref>{{cite web | title=Ley Núm. 70 de 2006 -Ley para disponer la oficialidad de la bandera y el escudo de los setenta y ocho (78) municipios. | website=LexJuris de Puerto Rico | url=https://www.lexjuris.com/LEXLEX/Leyes2006/lexl2006070.htm | language=es | access-date=June 15, 2021}}</ref>

===Flag===
===Flag===
On the flag of Juncos, on a gold field, blue waving stripes cross horizontally in the lower half. These represent the [[Río Valenciano]] which bisects the city. Green reeds with red buds appear in a central point above the stripes, representing the city's name (''Juncos'' is Spanish for [[reed (plant)|reed]]s).<ref name="LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico 2020">{{cite web | title=JUNCOS | website=LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico | date=February 19, 2020 | url=http://www.lexjuris.com/pueblos/pueblos_files/JUNCOS.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219001136/http://www.lexjuris.com/pueblos/pueblos_files/JUNCOS.html | archive-date=February 19, 2020 | url-status=live | language=es | access-date=September 17, 2020}}</ref>
On the flag of Juncos, on a gold field, blue waving stripes cross horizontally in the lower half. These represent the [[Río Valenciano]] which bisects the city. Green reeds with red buds appear in a central point above the stripes, representing the city's name (''Juncos'' is Spanish for [[reed (plant)|reed]]s).<ref name="LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico 2020">{{cite web | title=JUNCOS | website=LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico | date=February 19, 2020 | url=http://www.lexjuris.com/pueblos/pueblos_files/JUNCOS.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219001136/http://www.lexjuris.com/pueblos/pueblos_files/JUNCOS.html | archive-date=February 19, 2020 | url-status=live | language=es | access-date=September 17, 2020}}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
===Coat of arms===
Juncos' coat of arms is divided into four-quarters, with the upper left and lower right containing vertical stripes gold (or yellow) and gules (red) in reference to the [[Valencian Community|Spanish region of Valencia]] and to its denomination as "Town of Valencia". The upper right quarter is blue with twelve silver stars to represent the [[Virgin Mary]], and also features a cross confirming the city as part of [[Christendom]]. The lower right is split vertically between an image of a tobacco plant to represent the city's agriculture and a chimney to represent industrialization and [[sugar cane]] processing. Like the flag, a waving blue line representing the Río Valenciano crosses the shield horizontally.<ref name="LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico 2020" />
Juncos' coat of arms is divided into four-quarters, with the upper left and lower right containing vertical stripes gold (or yellow) and gules (red) in reference to the [[Valencian Community|Spanish region of Valencia]] and to its denomination as "Town of Valencia". The upper right quarter is blue with twelve silver stars to represent the [[Virgin Mary]], and also features a cross confirming the city as part of [[Christendom]]. The lower right is split vertically between an image of a tobacco plant to represent the city's agriculture and a chimney to represent industrialization and [[sugar cane]] processing. Like the flag, a waving blue line representing the Río Valenciano crosses the shield horizontally.<ref name="LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico 2020" />
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===Barrios===
===Barrios===
[[File:Juncos, Puerto Rico locator map.png|thumb|Subdivisions of Juncos.]]
[[File:Juncos, Puerto Rico locator map.png|thumb|Subdivisions of Juncos.]]
Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Juncos is subdivided into [[Barrios of Puerto Rico|barrios]]. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located near the center of the municipality, in a barrio referred to as {{lang|es|"el pueblo"}}.<ref name="Pico_1969">{{cite book |last1=Picó |first1=Rafael |last2=Buitrago de Santiago |first2=Zayda |last3=Berrios |first3=Hector H. |title=Nueva geografía de Puerto Rico: física, económica, y social, por Rafael Picó. Con la colaboración de Zayda Buitrago de Santiago y Héctor H. Berrios. |url=https://archive.org/details/nuevageografad00pic/page/247 |publisher=San Juan Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico,1969 |access-date=December 31, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226171916/https://archive.org/details/nuevageografad00pic/page/247 |archive-date=December 26, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Law2015">{{cite book|author=Gwillim Law|title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ|access-date=December 25, 2018|date=May 20, 2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0447-3|page=300}}</ref><ref name="US2010Census" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/juncos.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324204920/http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/juncos.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 24, 2018 |title=Map of Juncos at the Wayback Machine|access-date=December 29, 2018 }}</ref>
Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Juncos is subdivided into [[Barrios of Puerto Rico|barrios]]. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located near the center of the municipality, in a barrio referred to as {{lang|es|"el pueblo"}}.<ref name="Pico_1969">{{cite book |last1=Picó |first1=Rafael |last2=Buitrago de Santiago |first2=Zayda |last3=Berrios |first3=Hector H. |title=Nueva geografía de Puerto Rico: física, económica, y social, por Rafael Picó. Con la colaboración de Zayda Buitrago de Santiago y Héctor H. Berrios. |year=1969 |url=https://archive.org/details/nuevageografad00pic/page/247 |publisher=San Juan Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico,1969 |access-date=December 31, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226171916/https://archive.org/details/nuevageografad00pic/page/247 |archive-date=December 26, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Law2015">{{cite book|author=Gwillim Law|title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ|access-date=December 25, 2018|date=May 20, 2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0447-3|page=300}}</ref><ref name="US2010Census" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/juncos.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324204920/http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/juncos.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 24, 2018 |title=Map of Juncos at the Wayback Machine|access-date=December 29, 2018 }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
#[[Caimito, Juncos, Puerto Rico|Caimito]]
#[[Caimito, Juncos, Puerto Rico|Caimito]]
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===Sectors===
===Sectors===
Barrios (which are like [[minor civil divisions]])<ref name="Barrio-Pueblo"/> and subbarrios,<ref name="Census map">{{cite web |title=P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map (2010 Census): Juncos Municipio, PR |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/pl10map/vtd_sld/st72_english/c72077_juncos/PL10VTD_C72077_001.pdf |website=www2.census.gov |publisher=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823012402/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/pl10map/vtd_sld/st72_english/c72077_juncos/PL10VTD_C72077_001.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> in turn, are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called '''sectores''' (''sectors'' in English). The types of ''sectores'' may vary, from normally ''sector'' to ''urbanización'' to ''reparto'' to ''barriada'' to ''residencial'', among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presupuesto.pr.gov/Presupuesto2015-2016/PresupuestosAgencias/229.htm|title=Agencia: Oficina del Coordinador General para el Financiamiento Socioeconómico y la Autogestión (Proposed 2016 Budget)|website=Puerto Rico Budgets|language=es|access-date=June 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628234856/http://www.presupuesto.pr.gov/Presupuesto2015-2016/PresupuestosAgencias/229.htm|archive-date=June 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | author1=Rivera Quintero, Marcia | title=El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004 | publication-date=2014 | publisher=San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón | edition=first | isbn=978-0-9820806-1-0 }}</ref><ref name="Law 1-2001">{{cite web|url=http://www.lexjuris.com/lexlex/Leyes2001/lex2001001.htm|title=Leyes del 2001|website=Lex Juris Puerto Rico|language=es|access-date=June 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914224408/http://www.lexjuris.com/lexlex/Leyes2001/lex2001001.htm|archive-date=September 14, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Barrios (which are like [[minor civil divisions]])<ref name="Barrio-Pueblo"/> and subbarrios,<ref name="Census map">{{cite web |title=P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map (2010 Census): Juncos Municipio, PR |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/pl10map/vtd_sld/st72_english/c72077_juncos/PL10VTD_C72077_001.pdf |website=www2.census.gov |publisher=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=August 22, 2020 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823012402/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/pl10map/vtd_sld/st72_english/c72077_juncos/PL10VTD_C72077_001.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> are further subdivided into smaller areas called {{lang|es|sectores}} (''sectors'' in English). The types of ''sectores'' may vary, from normally ''sector'' to ''urbanización'' to ''reparto'' to ''barriada'' to ''residencial'', among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presupuesto.pr.gov/Presupuesto2015-2016/PresupuestosAgencias/229.htm|title=Agencia: Oficina del Coordinador General para el Financiamiento Socioeconómico y la Autogestión (Proposed 2016 Budget)|website=Puerto Rico Budgets|language=es|access-date=June 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628234856/http://www.presupuesto.pr.gov/Presupuesto2015-2016/PresupuestosAgencias/229.htm|archive-date=June 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | author1=Rivera Quintero, Marcia | title=El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004 | year=2014 | publication-date=2014 | publisher=San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón | edition=first | isbn=978-0-9820806-1-0 }}</ref><ref name="Law 1-2001">{{cite web|url=http://www.lexjuris.com/lexlex/Leyes2001/lex2001001.htm|title=Leyes del 2001|website=Lex Juris Puerto Rico|language=es|access-date=June 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914224408/http://www.lexjuris.com/lexlex/Leyes2001/lex2001001.htm|archive-date=September 14, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Special Communities===
===Special Communities===
{{main|Puerto Rico Office for Socioeconomic and Community Development}}
{{main|Puerto Rico Office for Socioeconomic and Community Development}}
{{lang|es|Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico}} (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of [[social exclusion]]. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Juncos:
{{lang|es|Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico}} (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of [[social exclusion]]. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Juncos:
Flores, Santana 1 in Ceiba Norte, Canta Gallo, El Caracol, La Cuesta in Sector El Mangó, La Hormiga, Lirios Dorados in Hoyo Hondo and Rosalía in Sector El Mangó.<ref>{{Citation|author1=Rivera Quintero, Marcia|title=El vuelo de la esperanza:Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004|publication-date=2014| publisher=San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón| edition=Primera edición|page=273|isbn=978-0-9820806-1-0}}</ref><ref name="wordpress.com">{{cite web|url=https://cpprbib.wordpress.com/biblioteca-virtual/guias-tematicas/comunidades-especiales/comunidades-especiales-de-puerto-rico/|title=Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico|date=August 8, 2011|language=es|access-date=June 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624004414/https://cpprbib.wordpress.com/biblioteca-virtual/guias-tematicas/comunidades-especiales/comunidades-especiales-de-puerto-rico/|archive-date=June 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Flores, Santana 1 in Ceiba Norte, Canta Gallo, El Caracol, La Cuesta in Sector El Mangó, La Hormiga, Lirios Dorados in Hoyo Hondo and Rosalía in Sector El Mangó.<ref>{{Citation|author1=Rivera Quintero, Marcia|title=El vuelo de la esperanza:Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004|year=2014 |publication-date=2014| publisher=San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón| edition=Primera edición|page=273|isbn=978-0-9820806-1-0}}</ref><ref name="wordpress.com">{{cite web|url=https://cpprbib.wordpress.com/biblioteca-virtual/guias-tematicas/comunidades-especiales/comunidades-especiales-de-puerto-rico/|title=Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico|date=August 8, 2011|language=es|access-date=June 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624004414/https://cpprbib.wordpress.com/biblioteca-virtual/guias-tematicas/comunidades-especiales/comunidades-especiales-de-puerto-rico/|archive-date=June 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Climate===
===Climate===
Line 299: Line 305:
[[File:Alcaldía de Juncos, Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Juncos Mayoral House.]]
[[File:Alcaldía de Juncos, Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Juncos Mayoral House.]]
{{main|Mayoralty in Puerto Rico}}
{{main|Mayoralty in Puerto Rico}}
Alfredo Alejandro Carrión of the [[Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)|People's Democratic Party]] is the incumbent mayor of the municipality of Juncos.
Alfredo Alejandro Carrión of the [[Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)|People's Democratic Party]] is the incumbent mayor of the municipality of Juncos, since the year 2000.


The city belongs to the [[Puerto Rico Senatorial district VII]], which is represented by two senators. In 2012, [[Jorge Suárez Cáceres|Jorge Suárez]] and [[José Luis Dalmau]] were elected as District Senators.<ref>[http://div1.ceepur.org/REYDI_Escrutinio/index.html#es/default/SENADORES_POR_DISTRITO_HUMACAO_VII.xml Elecciones Generales 2012: Escrutinio General] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115040903/http://div1.ceepur.org/REYDI_Escrutinio/index.html |date=January 15, 2013 }} on CEEPUR</ref>
The city belongs to the [[Puerto Rico Senatorial district VII|Senatorial District of Humacao (District VII)]], which is represented by two senators. The current senators are Rosamar Trujillo Plumey (PPD) and Wanda Soto Tolentino ([[New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)|PNP]]).

⚫
{{clr}}
The city is part of the [[Puerto Rico representative districts|33 Representative District]], which is represented by one representative. The current representative is Ángel Peña Ramírez of the [[New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)|New Progressive Party]] since 2008.
⚫
{{clear}}


== Transportation ==
== Transportation ==
Line 313: Line 321:


==Natives==
==Natives==
{{see|List of Puerto Ricans}}
{{further|List of Puerto Ricans}}
*[[Félix Conde Falcón]]
*[[Félix Conde Falcón]]
*[[Gisselle]]
*[[Gisselle]]
Line 323: Line 331:
*[[María de Lourdes Ramos Rivera]]
*[[María de Lourdes Ramos Rivera]]
*[[José Luis Moneró]]
*[[José Luis Moneró]]
*[[José Raul Soto]]
*[[Jon Z]]


==See also==
==See also==
Line 333: Line 341:
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |year=1955 |title=Mapa de municipios y barrios - Juncos - Memoria Núm. 50 |url=https://rcm1.rcm.upr.edu/demografia/wp-content/uploads/sites/30/2020/04/Memoria_50_Juncos-1955.pdf |location=University of Puerto Rico |publisher=Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Oficina del Gobernador, Junta de Planificacion, Santurce, Puerto Rico}}


==External links==
==External links==
Line 338: Line 349:
* [http://pr.gov/Directorios//Pages/InfoMunicipio.aspx?PRIFA=M077 Puerto Rico Government Directory – Juncos]
* [http://pr.gov/Directorios//Pages/InfoMunicipio.aspx?PRIFA=M077 Puerto Rico Government Directory – Juncos]
* [https://archive.today/20200212034239/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=05000US72077&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-PH1&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-redoLog=false&-format=CO-2&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_CO2 Juncos and its barrios, United States Census Bureau]
* [https://archive.today/20200212034239/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=05000US72077&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-PH1&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-redoLog=false&-format=CO-2&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_CO2 Juncos and its barrios, United States Census Bureau]
* {{URL|http://juncos.net}}


{{Adjacent communities
{{Adjacent communities
Line 354: Line 364:
{{Puerto Rico subdivisions}}
{{Puerto Rico subdivisions}}
{{Subject bar|auto=y|d=y}}
{{Subject bar|auto=y|d=y}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Juncos, Puerto Rico| ]]
[[Category:Juncos, Puerto Rico| ]]

Latest revision as of 20:33, 7 February 2024

Juncos
Municipio Autónomo de Juncos
Town and Municipality
Theater in Juncos
Theater in Juncos
Flag of Juncos
Flag
Coat of arms of Juncos
Coat of arms
Nicknames: 
"La Ciudad del Valenciano", "Los Mulos del Valenciano"
Anthem: "Juncos Mi Pequeño París"
Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Juncos Municipality
Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Juncos Municipality
Coordinates: 18°13′39″N 65°55′16″W / 18.22750°N 65.92111°W / 18.22750; -65.92111
Sovereign stateUnited States
CommonwealthPuerto Rico
FoundedAugust 2, 1797
Barrios
10 barrios
Government
 • MayorAlfredo Alejandro Carrión (PPD)
 • Senatorial dist.7 – Humacao
 • Representative dist.33
Area
 • Total26.60 sq mi (68.89 km2)
 • Land26.59 sq mi (68.86 km2)
 • Water0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total37,012
 • Rank29th in Puerto Rico
 • Density1,400/sq mi (540/km2)
DemonymJunqueño
Ethnicity
(2000 Census)[2]
 • White93.5%
 • Black7.2%
 • American Indian/AN0.0%
 • Asian0.0%
 • Native Hawaiian/PI0.0%
Time zoneUTC-4 (AST)
ZIP Code
00777
Area code787/939
Major routes

Juncos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxuŋkos]) is a town and one of the 78 municipalities of Puerto Rico. It is located in the eastern central region of the island to the west of the Caguas Valley, south of Canóvanas and Carolina; southeast of Gurabo; east of San Lorenzo; and west of Las Piedras. Juncos is spread over 9 barrios and Juncos barrio-pueblo (the downtown area and administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Juncos was founded on the request of Tomás Pizarro on August 2, 1797, having previously been a village which evolved from a small ranch, the Hatillo de los Juncos. This ranch was part of the Hato del Valenciano, which gave its name to the Río Valenciano which bisects the city before joining the Río Gurabo to the north of the settlement.

Juncos is Spanish for reeds.

History[edit]

During the 17th century, large parts of the municipality were owned by the Hato Grande de los Delgado (The Delgados' Great Ranch). Another ranch, the Hato del Valenciano, was established and later divided into the Hatillo de los Lirios and the Hatillo de los Juncos. This second one became the village of Juncos in the 18th century and was given the status of a town on August 2, 1797. Reeds, which gave the city its name, feature in the center of its flag and the bottom of its coat of arms. The Hato del Valenciano is remembered in the name of the Río Valenciano, as well as the coat of arms of Valencia featuring in Juncos' coat of arms, in addition to the city's two nicknames of La Ciudad del Valenciano (The Valenciano City) and Los Mulos del Valenciano (The Valenciano's Mules).[3]

Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became a territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Juncos was 8,429.[4]

On September 20, 2017 Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico. Juncos had been declared a disaster zone a week earlier when Hurricane Irma made landfall only to be hit again. Destruction to homes and infrastructure was estimated at $25 million.[5] Maria triggered numerous landslides in Juncos with its significant wind and rainfall.[6][7]

Symbols[edit]

The municipio has an official flag and coat of arms.[8]

Flag[edit]

On the flag of Juncos, on a gold field, blue waving stripes cross horizontally in the lower half. These represent the Río Valenciano which bisects the city. Green reeds with red buds appear in a central point above the stripes, representing the city's name (Juncos is Spanish for reeds).[9]

Coat of arms[edit]

Juncos' coat of arms is divided into four-quarters, with the upper left and lower right containing vertical stripes gold (or yellow) and gules (red) in reference to the Spanish region of Valencia and to its denomination as "Town of Valencia". The upper right quarter is blue with twelve silver stars to represent the Virgin Mary, and also features a cross confirming the city as part of Christendom. The lower right is split vertically between an image of a tobacco plant to represent the city's agriculture and a chimney to represent industrialization and sugar cane processing. Like the flag, a waving blue line representing the Río Valenciano crosses the shield horizontally.[9]

The shield is topped with a civic crown[10] in the shape of a three-towered castle. Underneath the shield lie the red-budded green reeds which gave the city its name, which features alongside its year of foundation (1797) at the very bottom.[3][9]

Geography[edit]

Juncos is in the central eastern part of the island.[11]

Barrios[edit]

Subdivisions of Juncos.

Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Juncos is subdivided into barrios. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located near the center of the municipality, in a barrio referred to as "el pueblo".[12][13][14][15]

  1. Caimito
  2. Ceiba Norte
  3. Ceiba Sur
  4. Gurabo Abajo
  5. Gurabo Arriba
  6. Juncos barrio-pueblo[16]
  7. Lirios
  8. Mamey
  9. Valenciano Abajo
  10. Valenciano Arriba

Sectors[edit]

Barrios (which are like minor civil divisions)[16] and subbarrios,[17] are further subdivided into smaller areas called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.[18][19][20]

Special Communities[edit]

Main article: Puerto Rico Office for Socioeconomic and Community Development

Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of social exclusion. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Juncos: Flores, Santana 1 in Ceiba Norte, Canta Gallo, El Caracol, La Cuesta in Sector El Mangó, La Hormiga, Lirios Dorados in Hoyo Hondo and Rosalía in Sector El Mangó.[21][22]

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Juncos, Puerto Rico (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1931–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 96
(36) 		95
(35) 		94
(34) 		96
(36) 		97
(36) 		96
(36) 		100
(38) 		98
(37) 		99
(37) 		97
(36) 		96
(36) 		98
(37) 		100
(38)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 82.3
(27.9) 		82.8
(28.2) 		83.6
(28.7) 		85.1
(29.5) 		86.1
(30.1) 		87.5
(30.8) 		88.1
(31.2) 		88.5
(31.4) 		88.5
(31.4) 		87.3
(30.7) 		85.0
(29.4) 		83.0
(28.3) 		85.6
(29.8)
Daily mean °F (°C) 73.6
(23.1) 		73.7
(23.2) 		74.5
(23.6) 		76.4
(24.7) 		78.4
(25.8) 		79.9
(26.6) 		80.1
(26.7) 		80.4
(26.9) 		80.3
(26.8) 		79.2
(26.2) 		77.1
(25.1) 		74.7
(23.7) 		77.4
(25.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 65.0
(18.3) 		64.7
(18.2) 		65.4
(18.6) 		67.6
(19.8) 		70.6
(21.4) 		72.2
(22.3) 		72.2
(22.3) 		72.3
(22.4) 		72.0
(22.2) 		71.1
(21.7) 		69.2
(20.7) 		66.4
(19.1) 		69.1
(20.6)
Record low °F (°C) 50
(10) 		50
(10) 		50
(10) 		50
(10) 		50
(10) 		58
(14) 		57
(14) 		58
(14) 		56
(13) 		55
(13) 		51
(11) 		42
(6) 		42
(6)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.27
(83) 		2.48
(63) 		2.86
(73) 		4.78
(121) 		6.39
(162) 		5.24
(133) 		7.04
(179) 		7.22
(183) 		8.73
(222) 		7.60
(193) 		7.69
(195) 		4.17
(106) 		67.47
(1,714)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 16.0 14.0 11.8 12.8 17.0 15.3 16.4 16.5 16.4 16.6 18.8 17.5 189.1
Source: NOAA[23][24]

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19008,429—
191011,69238.7%
192013,15112.5%
193017,46932.8%
194019,46411.4%
195021,65411.3%
196021,496−0.7%
197021,8141.5%
198025,39716.4%
199030,61220.5%
200036,45219.1%
201040,29010.5%
202037,012−8.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[25]
1899 (shown as 1900)[26] 1910–1930[27]
1930–1950[28] 1960–2000[29] 2010[14] 2020[30]

Tourism[edit]

El Tenedor restaurant
  • Juncos Sugar Mill
  • Old Tobacco Farm
  • Juncos Plaza Shopping Center
  • Paseo Escuté
  • El Tenedor Restaurant[32]
  • Casa Vieja Cafe
  • Teatro Junqueño (Juncos Theater)

Culture[edit]

Festivals and events[edit]

Juncos celebrates its patron saint festival in December. The Fiestas Patronales Inmaculada Concepcion de Maria is a religious and cultural celebration that generally features parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.[11]

Other festivals and events celebrated in Juncos include:

  • Modesto Carrión International Marathon – November
  • La Mina Christian Music fest – July
  • Plenazo Junqueño – February

Economy[edit]

In the fertile plains of the Río Valenciano, coffee, fruits, sugar cane and tobacco are grown. The lower left quarter of the municipal coat of arms pay homage to tobacco cultivation and sugar cane processing.

Apparel, electronic machinery and electrical equipment, scientific instruments, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries

Amgen, a biopharmaceutical company, has developed its largest manufacturing site in Juncos. It is a biotechnology campus for bulk manufacturing, with laboratories and manufacturing facilities that employs close to 3000 people.[33] Amgen Puerto Rico received FDA approval for bulk manufacturing facilities for Nepogen (filgrastim), Neulasta (pegfilgrastim), Aranesp and Epogen. Amgen is also adding[when?] manufacturing capacity in Juncos to produce Denosumab.

In addition to Amgen there is a Medtronic and Becton Dickinson Caribe Ltd. in Juncos. The Colgate pharmaceutical facility has closed and production shifted to Mexico.

Government[edit]

Juncos Mayoral House.
Main article: Mayoralty in Puerto Rico

Alfredo Alejandro Carrión of the People's Democratic Party is the incumbent mayor of the municipality of Juncos, since the year 2000.

The city belongs to the Senatorial District of Humacao (District VII), which is represented by two senators. The current senators are Rosamar Trujillo Plumey (PPD) and Wanda Soto Tolentino (PNP).

The city is part of the 33 Representative District, which is represented by one representative. The current representative is Ángel Peña Ramírez of the New Progressive Party since 2008.

Transportation[edit]

There are 28 bridges in Juncos.[34]

Under the administration of Alfredo "Papo" Alejandro, Juncos started a collective ferry-on-wheels transportation system.

Sports[edit]

Roberto Clemente Walker, later a double-World Series winner for the Pittsburgh Pirates, played baseball for Juncos before signing with the Santurce Crabbers in Puerto Rico's Professional League. As is the national norm, volleyball and basketball are biggest sports in Juncos. In the year 2006–2007 the Valencianas de Juncos won the women's basketball and volleyball superior league national championship. In 2009, Juncos became the home of the 2008 Puerto Rico Soccer League champions, Sevilla Bayamon FC. The club is now known as Sevilla-FC Juncos since being relocated to the city. The team moved to Juncos due to ownership and financial problems and currently play in the Alfredo "Papo" Alejandro Stadium.

Natives[edit]

Further information: List of Puerto Ricans

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Bureau, US Census. "PUERTO RICO: 2020 Census". The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  2. ^ "Demographics/Ethnic U.S 2000 census" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
  3. ^ a b "Juncos (Puerto Rico)". Archived from the original on August 4, 2012. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
  4. ^ Joseph Prentiss Sanger; Henry Gannett; Walter Francis Willcox (1900). Informe sobre el censo de Puerto Rico, 1899, United States. War Dept. Porto Rico Census Office. Washington : Govt. print. off. p. 160.
  5. ^ "María, un nombre que no vamos a olvidar. Juncos fue rematado por dos huracanes" [Juncos was finished by two hurricanes]. El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). June 13, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  6. ^ "Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico". USGS Landslide Hazards Program. USGS. Archived from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  7. ^ "Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico" (PDF). USGS Landslide Hazards Program. USGS. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  8. ^ "Ley Núm. 70 de 2006 -Ley para disponer la oficialidad de la bandera y el escudo de los setenta y ocho (78) municipios". LexJuris de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  9. ^ a b c "JUNCOS". LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). February 19, 2020. Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  10. ^ http://www.gencat.cat/municat/escuts/heraldica/timbres.htm Archived July 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Catalan)
  11. ^ a b "Juncos Municipality". enciclopediapr.org. Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades (FPH. Archived from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  12. ^ Picó, Rafael; Buitrago de Santiago, Zayda; Berrios, Hector H. (1969). Nueva geografía de Puerto Rico: física, económica, y social, por Rafael Picó. Con la colaboración de Zayda Buitrago de Santiago y Héctor H. Berrios. San Juan Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico,1969. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
  13. ^ Gwillim Law (May 20, 2015). Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998. McFarland. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-4766-0447-3. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
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Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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