Kinetin: Difference between revisions
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Do not confuse Kine'''t'''in with Kine'''s'''in |
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| verifiedrevid = 443913177 |
| verifiedrevid = 443913177 |
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| ImageFile = Kinetin.png |
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|ImageSize=90 |
| ImageSize = 90 |
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| IUPACName = N<sup>6</sup>-furfuryladenine |
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| OtherNames = |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite| |
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| ChEBI = 27407 |
| ChEBI = 27407 |
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| ChEMBL = 228792 |
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| DrugBank = DB11336 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| C = 10 | H = 9 | N = 5 | O = 1 |
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| Formula = C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>9</sub>N<sub>5</sub>O |
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| Appearance = Off-white powder |
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| MolarMass = 215.21 g/mol |
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| Density = |
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| Appearance = off-white amorphous powder |
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| MeltingPtC = 269-271 |
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| MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes) |
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| BoilingPt = decomposes |
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| Viscosity = |
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| StdInChI = 1S/C10H9N5O/c1-2-7(16-3-1)4-11-9-8-10(13-5-12-8)15-6-14-9/h1-3,5-6H,4H2,(H2,11,12,13,14,15) |
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| Dipole = }} |
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| StdInChIKey = QANMHLXAZMSUEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| SPhrases = {{S22}} {{S24/25}} |
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'''Kinetin''' |
'''Kinetin''' (/'kaɪnɪtɪn/) is a [[cytokinin]]-like synthetic [[plant hormone]] that promotes [[cell division]] in plants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kinetin - Plant Growth Regulators {{!}} CliniSciences |url=https://www.clinisciences.com/en/ |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=www.clinisciences.com}}</ref> Kinetin was originally isolated by [[Carlos O. Miller]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Miller |url=https://biology.indiana.edu/about/history/faculty-emeriti/memorials/miller-carlos.html |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=Department of Biology, Indiana University}}</ref> and [[Folke K. Skoog|Skoog]] ''et al.''<ref name=Amasino2005>{{Cite journal | last1 = Amasino | first1 = R. | title = 1955: Kinetin Arrives. The 50th Anniversary of a New Plant Hormone | doi = 10.1104/pp.104.900160 | journal = Plant Physiology | volume = 138 | issue = 3 | pages = 1177–1184 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16009993| pmc =1176392 }}</ref> as a compound from autoclaved herring sperm [[DNA]] that had cell division-promoting activity. It was given the name kinetin because of its ability to induce [[cell division]], provided that [[auxin]] was present in the medium. Kinetin is often used in [[plant tissue culture]] to induce [[Callus (cell biology)|callus]] formation (in conjunction with [[auxin]]) and regenerate [[Shoot (botany)|shoot]] tissues from callus (with lower [[auxin]] concentration). |
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For a long time, it was believed that kinetin was an artifact produced from the deoxyadenosine residues in [[DNA]], which |
For a long time, it was believed that kinetin was an artifact produced from the deoxyadenosine residues in [[DNA]], which degraded when standing for long periods or when heated during the isolation procedure. Therefore, it was thought that kinetin does not occur naturally, but since 1996, it has been shown by several researchers that kinetin exists naturally in the DNA of cells of almost all organisms tested so far, including humans and various plants. The mechanism of production of kinetin in DNA is thought to be via the production of [[furfural]] — an oxidative damage product of deoxyribose sugar in DNA — and its quenching by the adenine base's converting it into N6-furfuryladenine, kinetin. |
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Since 1994, kinetin has been thoroughly tested for its powerful anti-aging effects in human skin cells and other systems.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} At present, kinetin is one of the widely used components in numerous skin care cosmetics and [[cosmeceutical]]s, such as [[Valeant]] products Kinerase{{Pronunciation-needed}}.<ref>http://www.bestacneproductdiscovered.com</ref> There are some reports published on other biological effects of kinetin in human beings, for example its effects as anti-platelet aggregation factor reducing thrombosis formation.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} In addition, it has been shown to be capable of correcting RNA mis-splicing in the disease of [[familial dysautonomia]], in which exon 20 of IKBKAP is skipped instead of included in the disease, leading to insufficient levels of IKBKAP protein product as a result of frame-shift-induced nonsense-mediated decay.<ref>{{cite pmid|20301359}}</ref><ref name=Slaugenhaupt2004>{{cite doi|10.1093/hmg/ddh046}}</ref> |
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Kinetin is currently sold commercially under the trade name "Bonide Tomato and Blossom Set Spray", and can be used to increase yields of various fruits and vegetables, produce seedless fruits, and increase 'budding' of various herbs {{citation needed|date=June 2014}}. |
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Kinetin is also widely used in producing new plants from tissue cultures. |
Kinetin is also widely used in producing new plants from tissue cultures. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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In 1939 P. A. C. Nobécourt (Paris) began the first permanent callus culture from root explants of |
In 1939, P. A. C. Nobécourt (Paris) began the first permanent callus culture from root explants of carrots (''[[Daucus carota]]''). Such a culture can be kept forever by successive transplantations onto fresh nutrient [[agar]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} The transplantations occur every three to eight weeks. Callus cultures are not cell cultures since whole tissue associations are cultivated. Though many cells keep their ability to divide, this is not true for all. One reason for this is the [[aneuploidy]] of the nuclei and the resultant unfavourable chromosome constellations.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} |
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⚫ | In 1941 J. van Overbeek (Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht) introduced coconut milk as a new component of nutrient media for callus cultures.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.94.2441.350 | title = Factors in Coconut Milk Essential for Growth and Development of Very Young Datura Embryos | year = 1941 | last1 = Van Overbeek | first1 = J. | last2 = Conklin | first2 = M. E. | last3 = Blakeslee | first3 = A. F. | journal = Science | volume = 94 | issue = 2441 | pages = 350–1 | pmid = 17729950 }}</ref> [[Coconut milk]] is liquid endosperm. It stimulates the embryo to grow when it is supplied with food at the same time. Results yielded from callus cultures showed that its active components stimulate the growth of foreign cells too. |
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⚫ | In 1941, J. van Overbeek (Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht) introduced coconut milk as a new component of nutrient media for callus cultures.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.94.2441.350 | title = Factors in Coconut Milk Essential for Growth and Development of Very Young Datura Embryos | year = 1941 | last1 = Van Overbeek | first1 = J. | last2 = Conklin | first2 = M. E. | last3 = Blakeslee | first3 = A. F. | journal = Science | volume = 94 | issue = 2441 | pages = 350–1 | pmid = 17729950 | bibcode = 1941Sci....94..350V }}</ref> [[Coconut milk]] is liquid endosperm. It stimulates the embryo to grow when it is supplied with food at the same time. Results yielded from callus cultures showed that its active components stimulate the growth of foreign cells, too. |
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⚫ | In 1954 [[Folke K Skoog|F. Skoog]] (University of Wisconsin, Madison) developed a technique for the generation and culture of wound [[ |
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⚫ | In 1954 [[Folke K Skoog|F. Skoog]] (University of Wisconsin, Madison) developed a technique for the generation and culture of wound [[tumor]] tissue from isolated shoot parts of tobacco (''[[Nicotiana tabacum]]'').{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} The developing callus grows when supplied with [[yeast]] extract, coconut milk, or old DNA preparations.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} Freshly prepared DNA has no effect but becomes effective after autoclaving.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} This led to the conclusion that one of its breakdown products is required for cell growth and division. This characterized substance was named ''kinetin'', and was classified as a [[phytohormone]]. |
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==See also== |
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* [[Plant hormone]] |
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* [[Riboside]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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*{{cite book |editor1-first= David W.S.|editor1-last= Mok|editor2-first= Machteld C.|editor2-last= Mok|title= Cytokinins: chemistry, activity and function|year= 1994|publisher= CRC Press |location= Boca Raton, |
*{{cite book |editor1-first= David W.S.|editor1-last= Mok|editor2-first= Machteld C.|editor2-last= Mok|title= Cytokinins: chemistry, activity and function|year= 1994|publisher= CRC Press |location= Boca Raton, Florida|isbn= 978-0-8493-6252-1}} |
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*{{Cite journal | last1 = Barciszewski | first1 = J. | last2 = Siboska | first2 = G. E. | last3 = Pedersen | first3 = B. O. | last4 = Clark | first4 = B. F. | last5 = Rattan | first5 = S. I. | title = Evidence for the presence of kinetin in DNA and cell extracts | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00884-8 | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 393 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 197–200 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8814289| s2cid = 21238076 }} |
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*{{cite doi|10.1016/0014-5793(96)00884-8}} |
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*{{Cite journal | last1 = Barciszewski | first1 = J. | last2 = Rattan | first2 = S. I. S. | last3 = Siboska | first3 = G. | last4 = Clark | first4 = B. F. C. | title = Kinetin — 45 years on | doi = 10.1016/S0168-9452(99)00116-8 | journal = Plant Science | volume = 148 | pages = 37–45 | year = 1999 }} |
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*{{cite doi|10.1016/S0168-9452(99)00116-8}} |
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*{{cite doi|10.1006/bbrc.1994.1752}} |
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*{{cite doi|10.1089/109454502317629336}} |
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*{{cite journal|last=Hertz|first=Nicholas T.|author2=Berthet, Amandine |author3=Sos, Martin L. |author4=Thorn, Kurt S. |author5=Burlingame, Al L. |author6=Nakamura, Ken |author7= Shokat, Kevan M. |title=A Neo-Substrate that Amplifies Catalytic Activity of Parkinson’s-Disease-Related Kinase PINK1|journal=Cell|volume=154|issue=4|pages=737–747|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.030}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:2-Furyl compounds]] |
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[[Category:Cytokinins]] |
[[Category:Cytokinins]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Purines]] |
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[[Category:Plant growth regulators]] |
Latest revision as of 20:02, 17 February 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2020) |
Names | |
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IUPAC name
N6-furfuryladenine
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.622 |
EC Number |
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KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C10H9N5O | |
Molar mass | 215.216 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Off-white powder |
Melting point | 269–271 °C (516–520 °F; 542–544 K) (decomposes) |
Structure | |
cubic | |
Related compounds | |
Related
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cytokinin |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Kinetin (/'kaɪnɪtɪn/) is a cytokinin-like synthetic plant hormone that promotes cell division in plants.[1] Kinetin was originally isolated by Carlos O. Miller[2] and Skoog et al.[3] as a compound from autoclaved herring sperm DNA that had cell division-promoting activity. It was given the name kinetin because of its ability to induce cell division, provided that auxin was present in the medium. Kinetin is often used in plant tissue culture to induce callus formation (in conjunction with auxin) and regenerate shoot tissues from callus (with lower auxin concentration).
For a long time, it was believed that kinetin was an artifact produced from the deoxyadenosine residues in DNA, which degraded when standing for long periods or when heated during the isolation procedure. Therefore, it was thought that kinetin does not occur naturally, but since 1996, it has been shown by several researchers that kinetin exists naturally in the DNA of cells of almost all organisms tested so far, including humans and various plants. The mechanism of production of kinetin in DNA is thought to be via the production of furfural — an oxidative damage product of deoxyribose sugar in DNA — and its quenching by the adenine base's converting it into N6-furfuryladenine, kinetin.
Kinetin is also widely used in producing new plants from tissue cultures.
History[edit]
In 1939, P. A. C. Nobécourt (Paris) began the first permanent callus culture from root explants of carrots (Daucus carota). Such a culture can be kept forever by successive transplantations onto fresh nutrient agar.[citation needed] The transplantations occur every three to eight weeks. Callus cultures are not cell cultures since whole tissue associations are cultivated. Though many cells keep their ability to divide, this is not true for all. One reason for this is the aneuploidy of the nuclei and the resultant unfavourable chromosome constellations.[citation needed]
In 1941, J. van Overbeek (Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht) introduced coconut milk as a new component of nutrient media for callus cultures.[4] Coconut milk is liquid endosperm. It stimulates the embryo to grow when it is supplied with food at the same time. Results yielded from callus cultures showed that its active components stimulate the growth of foreign cells, too.
In 1954 F. Skoog (University of Wisconsin, Madison) developed a technique for the generation and culture of wound tumor tissue from isolated shoot parts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).[citation needed] The developing callus grows when supplied with yeast extract, coconut milk, or old DNA preparations.[citation needed] Freshly prepared DNA has no effect but becomes effective after autoclaving.[citation needed] This led to the conclusion that one of its breakdown products is required for cell growth and division. This characterized substance was named kinetin, and was classified as a phytohormone.
References[edit]
- ^ "Kinetin - Plant Growth Regulators | CliniSciences". www.clinisciences.com. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ^ "Carlos Miller". Department of Biology, Indiana University. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ^ Amasino, R. (2005). "1955: Kinetin Arrives. The 50th Anniversary of a New Plant Hormone". Plant Physiology. 138 (3): 1177–1184. doi:10.1104/pp.104.900160. PMC 1176392. PMID 16009993.
- ^ Van Overbeek, J.; Conklin, M. E.; Blakeslee, A. F. (1941). "Factors in Coconut Milk Essential for Growth and Development of Very Young Datura Embryos". Science. 94 (2441): 350–1. Bibcode:1941Sci....94..350V. doi:10.1126/science.94.2441.350. PMID 17729950.
- Mok, David W.S.; Mok, Machteld C., eds. (1994). Cytokinins: chemistry, activity and function. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-6252-1.
- Barciszewski, J.; Siboska, G. E.; Pedersen, B. O.; Clark, B. F.; Rattan, S. I. (1996). "Evidence for the presence of kinetin in DNA and cell extracts". FEBS Letters. 393 (2–3): 197–200. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00884-8. PMID 8814289. S2CID 21238076.
- Barciszewski, J.; Rattan, S. I. S.; Siboska, G.; Clark, B. F. C. (1999). "Kinetin — 45 years on". Plant Science. 148: 37–45. doi:10.1016/S0168-9452(99)00116-8.