Lichida: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Extinct order of trilobites}} |
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{{Automatic |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| name = Lichida |
| name = Lichida |
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| fossil_range = {{Fossilrange|Furongian|Frasnian}} |
| fossil_range = {{Fossilrange|Furongian|Frasnian}} |
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*[[Lichakephalidae]] |
*[[Lichakephalidae]] |
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}} |
}} |
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[[File:Akantharges.TheFossilTrade.jpg|alt=Akantharges trilobite fossil|thumb|Akantharges trilobite fossil]] |
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'''Lichida''' is an order of typically spiny [[trilobite]] that lived from the [[Furongian]] to the [[Devonian]] period.<ref>{{cite journal |author=H. B. Whittington |year=2002 |title=Lichidae (Trilobita): morphology and classification |journal=[[Journal of Paleontology]] |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=306–320 |doi=10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0306:LTMAC>2.0.CO;2 |jstor=1307144}}</ref> These trilobites usually have 8–13 [[thorax|thoracic]] segments.<ref name="Gon">{{cite web |url=http://www.trilobites.info/ordlichida2.htm |title=Pictorial guide to the order Lichida |date=January 1, 2008 |author=S. M. Gon III |accessdate=October 24, 2013}}</ref> Their exoskeletons often have a grainy texture or have wart or spine-like tubercles. Some species are extraordinarily spiny, having spiny thoracic segments that are as long or longer than the entire body, from [[cephalon (arthropod anatomy)|cephalon]] (head) to [[pygidium]] (tail). The sections of the pygidia are leaf-like in shape and also typically end in spines. |
'''Lichida''' is an order of typically spiny [[trilobite]] that lived from the [[Furongian]] to the [[Devonian]] period.<ref>{{cite journal |author=H. B. Whittington |year=2002 |title=Lichidae (Trilobita): morphology and classification |journal=[[Journal of Paleontology]] |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=306–320 |doi=10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0306:LTMAC>2.0.CO;2 |jstor=1307144}}</ref> These trilobites usually have 8–13 [[thorax|thoracic]] segments.<ref name="Gon">{{cite web |url=http://www.trilobites.info/ordlichida2.htm |title=Pictorial guide to the order Lichida |date=January 1, 2008 |author=S. M. Gon III |accessdate=October 24, 2013}}</ref> Their exoskeletons often have a grainy texture or have wart or spine-like tubercles. Some species are extraordinarily spiny, having spiny thoracic segments that are as long or longer than the entire body, from [[cephalon (arthropod anatomy)|cephalon]] (head) to [[pygidium]] (tail). The sections of the pygidia are leaf-like in shape and also typically end in spines. |
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The order is divided into two families, [[Lichidae]], and [[Lichakephalidae]].<ref name="Gon"/> Some experts group the families of the closely related order [[Odontopleurida]] within Lichida, too, whereupon the family is then divided into three superfamilies, Dameselloidea, containing the family [[Damesellidae]], Lichoidea, containing the families Lichidae and Lichakephalidae, and Odontopleuroidea, containing the family [[Odontopleuridae]]. |
The order is divided into two families, [[Lichidae]], and [[Lichakephalidae]].<ref name="Gon"/> Some experts group the families of the closely related order [[Odontopleurida]] within Lichida, too, whereupon the family is then divided into three superfamilies, Dameselloidea, containing the family [[Damesellidae]], Lichoidea, containing the families Lichidae and Lichakephalidae, and Odontopleuroidea, containing the family [[Odontopleuridae]]. |
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Lichids are some of the largest trilobites, with the second and third largest trilobites (Uralichas hispanicus, and Teratapsis grandis) being in the order<ref>{{cite web |title=The World's Largest Trilobites |url=https://www.trilobites.info/lgtrilos.htm}}</ref> |
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== Taxa traditionally placed within Lichida == |
== Taxa traditionally placed within Lichida == |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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*{{cite journal |author=Margaret J. Campbell & Brian D. E. Chatterton |year=2009 |title=Silurian lichid trilobites from northwestern Canada: ontogeny and phylogeny of lichids |journal=[[Journal of Paleontology]] |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=263–279 |doi=10.1666/07-140R1.1|s2cid=86082595 }} |
*{{cite journal |author=Margaret J. Campbell & Brian D. E. Chatterton |year=2009 |title=Silurian lichid trilobites from northwestern Canada: ontogeny and phylogeny of lichids |journal=[[Journal of Paleontology]] |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=263–279 |doi=10.1666/07-140R1.1|bibcode=2009JPal...83..263C |s2cid=86082595 }} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category}} |
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*{{Wikispecies-inline}} |
*{{Wikispecies-inline}} |
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{{commonscat}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q3108659}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3108659}} |
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Revision as of 21:31, 28 December 2023
| Lichida Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Terataspis grandis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | †Trilobita |
| Order: | †Lichida Moore, 1959 |
| Families[1] | |
Lichida is an order of typically spiny trilobite that lived from the Furongian to the Devonian period.[2] These trilobites usually have 8–13 thoracic segments.[1] Their exoskeletons often have a grainy texture or have wart or spine-like tubercles. Some species are extraordinarily spiny, having spiny thoracic segments that are as long or longer than the entire body, from cephalon (head) to pygidium (tail). The sections of the pygidia are leaf-like in shape and also typically end in spines.
The order is divided into two families, Lichidae, and Lichakephalidae.[1] Some experts group the families of the closely related order Odontopleurida within Lichida, too, whereupon the family is then divided into three superfamilies, Dameselloidea, containing the family Damesellidae, Lichoidea, containing the families Lichidae and Lichakephalidae, and Odontopleuroidea, containing the family Odontopleuridae.
Lichids are some of the largest trilobites, with the second and third largest trilobites (Uralichas hispanicus, and Teratapsis grandis) being in the order[3]
Taxa traditionally placed within Lichida
As mentioned earlier, the order Lichida is divided into two families.
Lichidae
- Acanthopyge
- Akantharges
- Allolichas
- Amphilichas
- Apatolichas
- Arctinurus
- Autoloxolichas
- Borealarges
- Ceratarges
- Conolichas
- Craspedarges
- Dicranogmus
- Dicranopeltis
- Echinolichas
- Eifliarges
- Gaspelichas
- Hemiarges
- Homolichas
- Hoplolichas
- Hoplolichoides
- Jasperia
- Leiolichas
- Lichas
- Lobopyge
- Lyralichas
- Mephiarges
- Metaleiolichas
- Metalichas
- Metopolichas
- Neolichas
- Nipponarges
- Ohleum
- Oinochoe
- Otarozoum
- Paraleiolichas
- Perunaspis
- Platylichas
- Probolichas
- Pseudotupolichas
- Radiolichas
- Richterarges
- Rontrippia
- Terataspis
- Terranovia
- Trimerolichas
- Trochurus
- Uralichas
- Uripes
Lichakephalidae
References
- ^ a b c S. M. Gon III (January 1, 2008). "Pictorial guide to the order Lichida". Retrieved October 24, 2013.
- ^ H. B. Whittington (2002). "Lichidae (Trilobita): morphology and classification". Journal of Paleontology. 76 (2): 306–320. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0306:LTMAC>2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 1307144.
- ^ "The World's Largest Trilobites".
Further reading
- Margaret J. Campbell & Brian D. E. Chatterton (2009). "Silurian lichid trilobites from northwestern Canada: ontogeny and phylogeny of lichids". Journal of Paleontology. 83 (2): 263–279. Bibcode:2009JPal...83..263C. doi:10.1666/07-140R1.1. S2CID 86082595.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lichida.
Data related to Lichida at Wikispecies
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