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Ostreoliths
Possible earlier origin
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{{short description|Genus of molluscs (fossil)}}
{{short description|Genus of molluscs (fossil)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|200|94}} [[Carnian]] - [[Cenomanian]]
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|252|94}} [[early Triassic]] - [[Cenomanian]]
| image =
| image =
| image_caption =
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'''''Liostrea''''' is a [[genus]] of [[extinct]] [[oyster]]s, [[Marine (ocean)|marine]] [[bivalve]] [[mollusk]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Gryphaeidae]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vokes |first1=Harold E. |title=Genera of the Bivalvia: A Systematic and Bibliographic Catalogue |date=1980 |publisher=Paleontological Research Institute |isbn=978-0877103783}}</ref>
'''''Liostrea''''' is a [[genus]] of [[extinct]] [[oyster]]s, [[Marine (ocean)|marine]] [[bivalve]] [[mollusk]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Gryphaeidae]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vokes |first1=Harold E. |title=Genera of the Bivalvia: A Systematic and Bibliographic Catalogue |date=1980 |publisher=Paleontological Research Institute |isbn=978-0877103783}}</ref>


These [[fossil]]s range from the [[Carnian]] [[Epoch (geology)|Epoch]] of the [[Triassic]] [[Period (geology)|Period]] to the [[Cenomanian]] Epoch of the [[late Cretaceous]] Period and were widely distributed geographically. They were encrusting organisms, attaching firmly to the substrate on their left shell, and were important Jurassic [[reef]]-forming organisms. The species ''L. erina''<ref name=RosFranchEtal2014>{{cite journal |last1=Ros-Franch |first1=S. |last2=Márquez-Aliaga |first2=A. |last3=Damborenea |first3=S.E. |title=Comprehensive database on Induan (Lower Triassic) to Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) marine bivalve genera and their paleobiogeographic record |journal=Paleontological Contributions |date=10 April 2014 |volume=8 |pages=1-219 |doi=10.17161/PC.1808.13433}}</ref> and ''L. roemeri''<ref name="ZellEtal2014"/> [[Phoresis|attached themselves]] to living [[ammonoids]].
These [[fossil]]s range from the [[early Triassic]] [[Period (geology)|Period]]<ref name=HautmannEtal2017/> to the [[Cenomanian]] Epoch of the [[late Cretaceous]] Period and were widely distributed geographically. They were encrusting organisms, attaching firmly to the substrate on their left shell, and were important Jurassic [[reef]]-forming organisms. The species ''L. erina''<ref name=RosFranchEtal2014>{{cite journal |last1=Ros-Franch |first1=S. |last2=Márquez-Aliaga |first2=A. |last3=Damborenea |first3=S.E. |title=Comprehensive database on Induan (Lower Triassic) to Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) marine bivalve genera and their paleobiogeographic record |journal=Paleontological Contributions |date=10 April 2014 |volume=8 |pages=1-219 |doi=10.17161/PC.1808.13433}}</ref> and ''L. roemeri''<ref name="ZellEtal2014"/> [[Phoresis|attached themselves]] to living [[ammonoids]].


''Liostrea'' formed abundant [[ostreolith]]s (concretions composed of encrusting organisms) on the [[hardgrounds]] of the Jurassic [[Carmel Formation]] in southwestern [[Utah]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=Mark A. |last2=Ozanne |first2=Colin R. |last3=Palmer |first3=Timothy J. |title=Origin and Paleoecology of Free-Rolling Oyster Accumulations (Ostreoliths) in the Middle Jurassic of Southwestern Utah, USA |journal=PALAIOS |date=February 1998 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=70 |doi=10.2307/3515282}}</ref>
''Liostrea'' formed abundant [[ostreolith]]s (concretions composed of encrusting organisms) on the [[hardgrounds]] of the Jurassic [[Carmel Formation]] in southwestern [[Utah]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=Mark A. |last2=Ozanne |first2=Colin R. |last3=Palmer |first3=Timothy J. |title=Origin and Paleoecology of Free-Rolling Oyster Accumulations (Ostreoliths) in the Middle Jurassic of Southwestern Utah, USA |journal=PALAIOS |date=February 1998 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=70 |doi=10.2307/3515282}}</ref>

''Liostrea'' may be the earliest oyster lineage, with possible examples attached to ammonoids of the earliest Triassic. This suggests oysters emerged and rapidly diversified in the wake of the [[Permian-Triassic extinction event]].<ref name=HautmannEtal2017>{{cite journal |last1=Hautmann |first1=Michael |last2=Ware |first2=David |last3=Bucher |first3=Hugo |title=Geologically oldest oysters were epizoans on Early Triassic ammonoids |journal=Journal of Molluscan Studies |date=1 August 2017 |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=253–260 |doi=10.1093/mollus/eyx018}}</ref>


==Selected species==
==Selected species==

Revision as of 17:17, 26 October 2021

Liostrea
Temporal range: 252–94 Ma early Triassic - Cenomanian
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Ostreida
Family: Gryphaeidae
Subfamily: †Gryphaeinae
Genus: †Liostrea
Douvillé, 1904

Liostrea is a genus of extinct oysters, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Gryphaeidae.[1]

These fossils range from the early Triassic Period[2] to the Cenomanian Epoch of the late Cretaceous Period and were widely distributed geographically. They were encrusting organisms, attaching firmly to the substrate on their left shell, and were important Jurassic reef-forming organisms. The species L. erina[3] and L. roemeri[4] attached themselves to living ammonoids.

Liostrea formed abundant ostreoliths (concretions composed of encrusting organisms) on the hardgrounds of the Jurassic Carmel Formation in southwestern Utah.[5]

Liostrea may be the earliest oyster lineage, with possible examples attached to ammonoids of the earliest Triassic. This suggests oysters emerged and rapidly diversified in the wake of the Permian-Triassic extinction event.[2]

Selected species

  • L. erina d'Orbigny[3]
  • L. oxiana Romer[3]
  • L. plastica Trautschold)[3]
  • L. roemeri Quenstedt, 1843[4]


References

  1. ^ Vokes, Harold E. (1980). Genera of the Bivalvia: A Systematic and Bibliographic Catalogue. Paleontological Research Institute. ISBN 978-0877103783.
  2. ^ a b Hautmann, Michael; Ware, David; Bucher, Hugo (1 August 2017). "Geologically oldest oysters were epizoans on Early Triassic ammonoids". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 83 (3): 253–260. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyx018.
  3. ^ a b c d Ros-Franch, S.; Márquez-Aliaga, A.; Damborenea, S.E. (10 April 2014). "Comprehensive database on Induan (Lower Triassic) to Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) marine bivalve genera and their paleobiogeographic record". Paleontological Contributions. 8: 1–219. doi:10.17161/PC.1808.13433.
  4. ^ a b Zell, Patrick; Beckmann, Seija; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang (September 2014). "Liostrea roemeri (Ostreida, Bivalvia) attached to Upper Jurassic ammonites of northeastern Mexico". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 94 (3): 439–451. doi:10.1007/s12549-014-0154-z.
  5. ^ Wilson, Mark A.; Ozanne, Colin R.; Palmer, Timothy J. (February 1998). "Origin and Paleoecology of Free-Rolling Oyster Accumulations (Ostreoliths) in the Middle Jurassic of Southwestern Utah, USA". PALAIOS. 13 (1): 70. doi:10.2307/3515282.


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